ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

Treatment of wounds remain a vital aspect in present day healthcare which requires modern and efficient techniques. Polymeric film-based wound dressings have emerged as a promising tool due to their biocompatibility, swelling, and moist nature. Further integration of functional drugs provides greater benefits, like simvastatin, which has inherent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potencies. In this regard, simvastatin incorporated in the polymeric matrix of gum odina and pectin, cross-linked by calcium chloride powered by microwave irradiation hydrogel film for wound healing following the egg box mechanism, was developed. The optimized film (F3) exhibited superior swelling and adhesive behavior. It has shown potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties along with good blood compatibility. F3 was also biocompatible and allowed cellular migration in L929 cell lines. The in vivo experiment depicted F3 as a potent dressing for burn wounds allowing accelerated healing and also demonstrated rapid hemostasis in tail amputation and liver incision models. From the above potentialities listed, the research provides a highly efficient and uncomplicated process of film synthesis by repurposing the lipid lowering drug simvastatin, making it an intriguing selection in the case of wound healing applications.

Highly hydrophobic secondary bile acid, Lithocholic acid, is known for its significant roles in bile metabolism, lipid absorption, and enterohepatic circulation. Recently, emerging research has indicated its biological significance in modulating cell signaling pathways via receptors such as Farnexoid X- Receptor (FXR), G-Protein Coupled Bile acid Receptor (GPBAR) otherwise called as Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) and Vitamin-D Receptor (VDR). It has also been reported to exhibit various biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. In this study, we have developed Glybosomes (GLBs), a lithocholic acid containing liposomes through a facile method, and have subsequently coated them with gold (Au@GLB) for using them as an effective photothermal agent. The developed Glybosomes showed enhanced cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and promoted apoptosis against cervical cancer. Mechanistic studies also revealed that the promoted cell death was due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage. These findings demonstrate that Au@GLB NPs is a promising nanoformulation for effective photothermal therapy against cervical cancer treatment.

Applying antibacterial coatings onto food processing surfaces is essential for mitigating bacterial contamination, ensuring food safety, and maintaining hygienic standards in food production environments. This study explores environmentally friendly and food-safe antibacterial colloidal suspensions consisting of aggregated chitosan–pectin (CTS–Pec) coacervate complexes for applications in spray coatings and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers. Motivated by the lack of comprehensive studies on colloidal suspensions consisting of aggregated CTS–Pec coacervation complexes and the antibacterial properties of positively charged coacervate suspensions, this work serves as a complementary contribution to this area. Aqueous spontaneous ionic gelation was employed to synthesize CTS–Pec coacervate suspensions, systematically examining the effects of the biopolymer concentration, order of addition, mass ratio, and solution pH on coacervate formation. Analytical techniques were utilized to determine the physicochemical properties, while particle size and zeta potential analyses revealed that excess Pec led to negatively charged particles. The latter yielded larger particles versus particles prepared with excess CTS ratios, which yielded positively charged particles. Comprehensive MIC assays showed the antibacterial effectiveness of the positively charged nanoparticles, highlighting the role of surface charge and pH dependency. Notably, this study demonstrated that lower Pec concentrations could still produce positively charged particles, even at excess Pec-stoichiometric ratios, making them suitable for spray-on coatings. Additionally, the stimuli-responsive properties of the aggregated CTS–Pec coacervate systems were validated through pH-responsive absorption and pH- and temperature-dependent drug release behavior using methylene blue (MB) as a model system. These findings underscore the potential of aggregated CTS–Pec coacervate systems as sustainable, multifunctional materials for antibacterial applications and advanced drug delivery.

Ultrasound-based therapies such as histotripsy and sonodynamic therapy have gained significant attention in recent years for their ability to treat various diseases noninvasively. However, commonly used microbubbles have a limited cell targeting property due to their large size. Here, we report an ultrasound-responsive perfluorohexane nanodroplet that can be used for cell-selective histotripsy and sonodynamic therapy. The amphiphilic polylactide is designed as a stabilizer for 45–85 nm nanodroplets, which are functionalized with affinity biomolecules and loaded with a sonosensitizer (chlorin e6). Nanodroplets are selectively internalized into specific cells and then converted to microbubbles upon ultrasound irradiation. This leads to mechanical stress and cell membrane rupture through histotripsy. In addition, ultrasound exposure generates intracellular reactive oxygen species by the sonosensitizer that further enhances oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Designed nanodroplets offer a promising platform for cell-selective therapy of different diseases.

Critical-sized bone defects caused by trauma or surgery exceed the innate regenerative capacity of bone, posing significant clinical challenges. Tissue engineering strategies based on injectable hydrogels and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer promise due to their adaptability to irregular defects. However, most current systems lack modular regenerative architecture and hierarchical biochemical cues needed to mimic native bone microenvironments, thereby limiting regenerative efficacy. In this study, we engineered modular, cell-laden microgels composed of bone-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (BdECM) precisely integrated into gelatin methacrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (GelMA/PEGDA) hydrogel networks (P-GE) to facilitate regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. Leveraging microfluidic encapsulation combined with ultraviolet-induced cross-linking, these P-GE microgels exhibited consistent structural integrity, tunable and excellent injectability, which showed robust proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. In vivo implantation of cell laden P-GE microgels achieved near-complete calvarial repair accompanied by significant collagen and osteopontin deposition. Moreover, microgels established a favorable microenvironment and sufficient space for sustained cell infiltration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, thereby facilitating efficient bone regeneration. As an advanced biomimetic strategy, BdECM-based cell-laden microgels offer a structurally and biologically optimized platform for bone tissue engineering.

Programmable electromagnetic platforms have significantly enhanced the capabilities of magnetic micro- and nanobots by enabling precise remote control of autonomous movement, thereby transforming their roles in biomedical diagnostics, targeted therapies, and environmental remediation. These electromagnetic setups using Helmholtz, Maxwell, and gradient coil arrays generate dynamic magnetic fields to remotely control magnetic micro- and nanobots. Programmed modulation of magnetic field direction, magnitude, and gradients enables coordinated swarm behavior, including alignment, aggregation, dispersion, and pattern formation, thereby achieving submicrometer spatial precision and real-time adaptive navigation in confined microvascular environments. This capability facilitates single-cell biosensing, multiplexed biomarker detection, and targeted therapeutic delivery with up to 95% efficiency. Smart feedback loops seamlessly integrate sensing with magnetic actuation, enabling these bots to possess autonomous, self-regulating diagnostic and therapeutic functions tailored to changing biological microenvironments. Their functionality extends to environmental remediation, achieving over 90% pollutant degradation and up to 98% heavy metal removal as well as swarm-intelligent, real-time water-quality monitoring at industrial and agricultural sites. This review provides the use of advanced magnetic field setups for below-micrometer precision control of magnetic micro- and nanobots in complex environment. It discusses high-performance magnetic nanomaterial surface engineering and integration of real-time closed-loop feedback systems to maintain accurate robot navigation. Together, these strategies enable breakthrough applications in targeted therapy, biosensing, and environmental remediation.

The precise control of bioink formulation, process parameters, and scaffold geometries has enabled some critical limitations of bioprinting to be overcome and has transformed the construction of functional 3-dimensional (3D) bioscaffolds for tissue engineering (TE). Current bioscaffolds fall short in producing functional tissue due to a lack of the physiological, mechanical, and electrical environments necessary for optimal cell development. In this study, we report the incorporation of the nanomaterial (NM) graphene/graphene oxide (GGO) and titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x MXene) into an alginate-cellulose-based bioink to enhance printability and modify the physical properties of bioprinted scaffolds to better mimic physiological conditions. Our results indicate that incorporating Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanoflakes into the alginate cellulose-based bioink from CELLINK improved the compressive Young’s modulus by approximately 72% and enhanced the electrical conductivity by 0.39 S/m. The inclusion of GGO improved conductivity by 0.12 S/m but did not improve the compressive Young’s modulus. Biocompatibility of the CELLINK bioink enhanced with NMs was demonstrated in mouse myoblast cells (C2C12), followed by live/dead confocal imaging, which showed greater than 95% viability for each ink. Our results suggest these electrically conductive NMs can be used to tune the physical properties of bioinks for 3D-bioprinted scaffolds specific to cell types and stimuli.

In this work, iron–tantalum oxide nanoparticles (FeTaO_x NPs) with a gold coating modified by Angiopep-2 (FeTaO_x@Au-ANG) were developed to achieve dual-modality imaging and magnetically induced hyperthermia therapy for glioma. The 13.5 nm sized FeTaO_x@Au-ANG NPs’ exhibited superparamagnetic behavior with excellent dual T₁/T₂-weighted MRI contrast of Fe existence and enhanced X-ray attenuation for computed tomography (CT) imaging, enabling accurate tumor localization through complementary imaging modalities. The incorporation of Ta and Au not only improved biocompatibility but also provided a high CT contrast effect. Upon magnetic stimulation, the NPs efficiently elevated the intratumoral temperature, leading to a significant (∼90%) reduction in glioma cell viability. ANG modification further enhanced the targeted uptake of NPs by glioma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed extensive coagulative and glial necrosis, elevated GFAP expression, and a reduced Ki67 index, consistent with effective tumor ablation. In vivo, FeTaO_x@Au-ANG NPs treatment markedly suppressed tumor growth and extended survival by 18 days. Overall, this multifunctional nanoplatform demonstrates synergistic MRI/CT imaging-guided magnetic hyperthermia with high therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects, offering strong potential for clinical cancer theranostics.

Oral cancer remains a significant global health concern, with aggressive progression and high mortality rates due to late diagnosis and limited treatment efficacy. Surgical ablation, radio-, and chemotherapy are the primary standalone treatment regimens for oral cancer; however, their success is often hindered by late-stage diagnosis, chemoresistance, and debilitating side effects, underscoring the demand for more precise and effective alternatives. In modern cancer treatment, multifunctional metallic nanoparticles are being developed as promising carriers in cancer therapy owing to their ability to selectively target tumor cells via active and passive mechanisms and effectively reduce the off-target toxicity of the chemotherapeutics. Different types of metallic nanoparticles offer distinct therapeutic advantages. Gold nanoparticles leverage strong surface plasmon resonance, enabling photothermal therapy and imaging; silver nanoparticles possess inherent oxidative stress-inducing and antimicrobial properties that enhance cytotoxicity, and the magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles support magnetic resonance imaging, facilitating magnetic field-driven targeting and magnetothermal therapeutic applications. These intrinsic features lead to their broad utilization in drug delivery, sensing, phototherapy, imaging, and integrated theranostic applications. The agenda of the current review article is to explore the pathogenesis of oral cancer and elucidate how the metallic nanoparticles can revolutionize its diagnosis and treatment. This article also seeks to uncover the diverse fabrication methods and biomedical applications of metallic nanoparticles, showcasing their transformative synergy with conventional therapies to overcome the limitations such as chemoresistance, nonspecific toxicity, and inadequate imaging precision. Moreover, the article addresses the barriers to clinical implementation, the regulatory landscape, and critical toxicity evaluations. Collectively, the article underscores the transformative potential of MNPs in advancing oral cancer management and delineates key avenues for future developments.

Acute lower limb ischemia poses serious clinical challenges, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis. Herein, a multifunctional platform has been developed by combining photothermal thrombolysis and enzymatic thrombolysis for treating lower limb thrombosis. The platform comprises gold nanorods enveloped by mesoporous silica nanoshells (Au@MSN), loaded with urokinase and functionalized with PEGylated lipids. The positively charged platform exhibits a high surface area of 510.0 m²/g and mesopores, enabling urokinase loading efficacy of 32.6% and activatable release of urokinase under different conditions. Under 915 nm laser irradiation, the platform with good biocompatibility exhibits dual functionality as the localized hyperthermia generation for thrombus disruption and responsive urokinase release. In vitro evaluation revealed a remarkable thrombolysis rate of 71.6%. In vivo studies confirmed the effective restoration of vascular patency in lower limb thrombosis models through the platform combined with light irradiation. This work offers suggestions for developing activatable modalities in thrombolytic treatments.