In recent years, meshless methods have gained their popularity, mainly due to the fact that absolutely no elements are required to discretize the problem domain. This is possible due to the nature of the approximation functions used in this method. Approximation functions used to form the shape functions use only the so-called ânodal selectionâ procedure without the need of elements definition. The most popular approximation function used is the moving least-squares shape functions. Published works in meshless methods, however, present only the basic formulas of the moving least-squares shape functions. This paper presents the complete and detailed derivations of not only the moving least-squares shape functions, but also their derivatives (up to the second order derivatives), using the exponential weight function. The derivations are then programmed and verified.
{"title":"Derivation Of Moving Least-Squares Approximation Shape Functions And Its Derivatives Using The Exponential Weight Function","authors":"E. Tanojo","doi":"10.9744/CED.9.1.PP.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.9.1.PP.","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, meshless methods have gained their popularity, mainly due to the fact that absolutely no elements are required to discretize the problem domain. This is possible due to the nature of the approximation functions used in this method. Approximation functions used to form the shape functions use only the so-called ânodal selectionâ procedure without the need of elements definition. The most popular approximation function used is the moving least-squares shape functions. Published works in meshless methods, however, present only the basic formulas of the moving least-squares shape functions. This paper presents the complete and detailed derivations of not only the moving least-squares shape functions, but also their derivatives (up to the second order derivatives), using the exponential weight function. The derivations are then programmed and verified.","PeriodicalId":30107,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Dimension","volume":"9 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71209919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrokinetics is one of soft ground improvement methods to improve its bearing capacity. The objective of this research is to investigate the increase of friction and end bearing resistance of an embedded instrumented model pile in marine clay after electrokinetics treatment. The initial geotechnical properties of soil surrounding the pile foundation is obtained by several soil laboratory tests. For pile bearing capacity analysis, friction and end bearing resistance of pile was measured by load cell measuring device, while un-drained shear strength analysis was measured by vane shear test. The result of this research showed that after 24 hours electrokinetics treatment, the un-drained shear strength increased closer to the pile, and the bearing capacity of pile increased 14 times. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Elektrokinetik adalah salah satu metode perbaikan tanah lunak yang diaplikasikan untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lunak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki peningkatan tahanan friksi dan ujung suatu model pondasi tiang di lempung marina setelah dilakukan proses elektrokinetik. Karakteristik tanah pada kondisi mula-mula di sekitar pondasi tiang didapatkan dari beberapa pengujian di laboratorium. Untuk analisa daya dukung tiang, tahanan friksi dan ujung dari pondasi tiang diukur dengan alat pengukur load cell, sedangkan analisa kuat geser undrained diukur dengan pengujian baling-baling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah pada tanah dilakukan proses elektrokinetik selama 24 jam, daya dukung dari pondasi tiang meningkat 14 kali dan semakin dekat dengan tiang, kuat geser undrained juga semakin meningkat.
电动力学是提高软土地基承载力的方法之一。本研究的目的是研究电动力学处理后海相粘土中嵌入式仪器模型桩的摩阻和端承阻力的增加。通过多次室内试验，获得了桩基周围土体的初始岩土力学特性。在桩承载力分析中，采用荷载箱测量装置测量桩的摩阻力和端承阻力，采用叶片抗剪试验测量不排水抗剪强度。研究结果表明，经24小时的电动力处理后，桩侧未排水抗剪强度增大，桩侧承载力增大14倍。印文:Elektrokinetik adalah salah satu metode perbaikan tanah lunak yang diapplikasikan untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lunak。Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki peningkatan tahanan friksi danujung suatu模型pondasi tiang di lempung marina setelah dilakukan处理电子动力学。企鹅实验室，企鹅实验室。Untuk analyisa daya dukung tiang, tahanan friksi danujung dari pondasi tiang diukur dengan alat企鹅称重传感器，sedangkan analisa kuat geser不排水diukur dengan penguian baling-baling。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah pada tanah dilakukan proektrokinetik selama 24 jam, daya dukung dari pondasi tiang mengkat 14 kali dan semakin dekat dengan tiang, kuat geser不排水的juga semakin mengkat。
{"title":"PENGARUH ELEKTROKINETIK TERHADAP DAYA DUKUNG PONDASI TIANG DI LEMPUNG MARINA","authors":"Daniel Tjandra, P. S. Wulandari","doi":"10.9744/CED.8.1.PP.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.8.1.PP.","url":null,"abstract":"Electrokinetics is one of soft ground improvement methods to improve its bearing capacity. The objective of this research is to investigate the increase of friction and end bearing resistance of an embedded instrumented model pile in marine clay after electrokinetics treatment. The initial geotechnical properties of soil surrounding the pile foundation is obtained by several soil laboratory tests. For pile bearing capacity analysis, friction and end bearing resistance of pile was measured by load cell measuring device, while un-drained shear strength analysis was measured by vane shear test. The result of this research showed that after 24 hours electrokinetics treatment, the un-drained shear strength increased closer to the pile, and the bearing capacity of pile increased 14 times. \u0000 \u0000 Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : \u0000Elektrokinetik adalah salah satu metode perbaikan tanah lunak yang diaplikasikan untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lunak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki peningkatan tahanan friksi dan ujung suatu model pondasi tiang di lempung marina setelah dilakukan proses elektrokinetik. Karakteristik tanah pada kondisi mula-mula di sekitar pondasi tiang didapatkan dari beberapa pengujian di laboratorium. Untuk analisa daya dukung tiang, tahanan friksi dan ujung dari pondasi tiang diukur dengan alat pengukur load cell, sedangkan analisa kuat geser undrained diukur dengan pengujian baling-baling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah pada tanah dilakukan proses elektrokinetik selama 24 jam, daya dukung dari pondasi tiang meningkat 14 kali dan semakin dekat dengan tiang, kuat geser undrained juga semakin meningkat.","PeriodicalId":30107,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Dimension","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71210320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rework cannot be separated from construction projects. The direct and indirect cost resulting from it are quite significant. This research aims to identify the causes of rework and to propose effective ways to reduce it. It is conducted using questionnaire, which was targeted to consultants and contractors in Surabaya. The results show that defective designs, changes in design, and coordination problems among design documents were the most influencing factors causing reworks. In order to reduce rework, the most effective ways according to the respondents are enhancing and improving communication and coordination among participants during design and construction phases, and also predicting and solving design problems before construction works begin. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Rework tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dunia konstruksi. Dampak biaya langsung maupun tidak langsung yang diakibatkannya cukup signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penyebab utama dari rework dan juga memberikan cara yang efektif untuk menguranginya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada konsultan dan kontraktor di Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dan perubahan desain, serta buruknya koordinasi antar dokumen desain adalah faktor yang utama penyebab rework. Untuk dapat mengurangi rework, cara yang paling efektif menurut responden adalah meningkatkan dan memperbaiki komunikasi dan koordinasi pada fase desain dan konstruksi, serta memperkirakan dan mengatasi masalah-masalah desain sebelum masuk ke fase konstruksi.
返工离不开建设项目。由此产生的直接和间接成本是相当可观的。本研究旨在找出返工的原因，并提出有效的方法来减少返工。调查采用问卷方式进行，调查对象是泗水的顾问和承包商。结果表明，设计缺陷、设计变更和设计文件之间的协调问题是导致返工的主要因素。为了减少返工，受访者认为最有效的方法是在设计和施工阶段加强和改善参与者之间的沟通和协调，并在施工开始前预测和解决设计问题。印尼语:Rework tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dunia konstruksi。当pak biaya langsung maupun tidak langsung yang diakibatkannya cuup signfikan。Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penyebab utama dari rework dan juga成员kan yang efektif untuk menguranginya。Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada konsultan dan kontraktor di Surabaya。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dan perubahan desain, serta buruknya koordinasi antar dokumen desain adalah因子for yang utama penyebab rework。Untuk dapat mengurangi rework, cara yang paling efektif menurut respondenalah meningkatkan dan memperbaiki komunikasi dan koordinasi pada fase desain dan konstruksi, serta memperkirakan dan mengatasi masalah-masalah desain sebelum masuk ke fase konstruksi。
{"title":"FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB REWORK PADA PEKERJAAN KONSTRUKSI","authors":"Andi Andi, S. Winata, Yanto Handarlim","doi":"10.9744/CED.7.1.PP.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.7.1.PP.","url":null,"abstract":"Rework cannot be separated from construction projects. The direct and indirect cost resulting from it are quite significant. This research aims to identify the causes of rework and to propose effective ways to reduce it. It is conducted using questionnaire, which was targeted to consultants and contractors in Surabaya. The results show that defective designs, changes in design, and coordination problems among design documents were the most influencing factors causing reworks. In order to reduce rework, the most effective ways according to the respondents are enhancing and improving communication and coordination among participants during design and construction phases, and also predicting and solving design problems before construction works begin. \u0000 \u0000 Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : \u0000Rework tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dunia konstruksi. Dampak biaya langsung maupun tidak langsung yang diakibatkannya cukup signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penyebab utama dari rework dan juga memberikan cara yang efektif untuk menguranginya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada konsultan dan kontraktor di Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dan perubahan desain, serta buruknya koordinasi antar dokumen desain adalah faktor yang utama penyebab rework. Untuk dapat mengurangi rework, cara yang paling efektif menurut responden adalah meningkatkan dan memperbaiki komunikasi dan koordinasi pada fase desain dan konstruksi, serta memperkirakan dan mengatasi masalah-masalah desain sebelum masuk ke fase konstruksi.","PeriodicalId":30107,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Dimension","volume":"7 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71210295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design life of porous asphalt is shorter than dense mix as a consequence of permeability loss due to clogging and poor resistance to disintegration. To mitigate problems associated with clogging, double layer porous asphalt has been constructed in the Netherlands. This paper investigated a development of a new grading design for porous asphalt by varying percentage of aggregate with maximum sizes of 20, 14 and 10mm; a theory of packing was used. The most common method used for grading design is based on empirical, which does not relate the packing behaviour of the aggregate mass. The packing theory used in this study was facilitated by a vibratory compactor. It was found that mixtures containing aggregate sizes 14 and 10mm have a good permeability and stability, when vibrated for 65 second with a frequency of 40Hz, while for aggregates containing 20mm, to achieve the requirement for Marshall stability, the gradation needs to be modified. Properties of porous asphalt based on packing theory are better from the empirical grading from Spain (P-12).
{"title":"APPLICATION OF PACKING THEORY ON GRADING DESIGN FOR POROUS ASPHALT MIXTURES","authors":"Hardiman Hardiman","doi":"10.9744/CED.6.2.PP.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.6.2.PP.","url":null,"abstract":"The design life of porous asphalt is shorter than dense mix as a consequence of permeability loss due to clogging and poor resistance to disintegration. To mitigate problems associated with clogging, double layer porous asphalt has been constructed in the Netherlands. This paper investigated a development of a new grading design for porous asphalt by varying percentage of aggregate with maximum sizes of 20, 14 and 10mm; a theory of packing was used. The most common method used for grading design is based on empirical, which does not relate the packing behaviour of the aggregate mass. The packing theory used in this study was facilitated by a vibratory compactor. It was found that mixtures containing aggregate sizes 14 and 10mm have a good permeability and stability, when vibrated for 65 second with a frequency of 40Hz, while for aggregates containing 20mm, to achieve the requirement for Marshall stability, the gradation needs to be modified. Properties of porous asphalt based on packing theory are better from the empirical grading from Spain (P-12).","PeriodicalId":30107,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Dimension","volume":"6 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71210286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to anticipate the impact of face loading due to severe earthquakes on infilled wall panels of a frame structure, the maximum area or span of these panels needs to be restricted as recommended in the Design Manual for Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Structures and Reinforced Wall Structures 1983. However, this restriction is merely based on the seismic zone and soil condition where the structure is located; the wall's position, whether it is on the ground or top floor and whether it is located inside or on the perimeter of the building. A study which was carried out to re-evaluate the above recommendation found that there are some other parameters which need also to be considered, such as the width of brick units, the effective wall thickness, the ratio of clear height to span of wall panel. Furthermore, for design purposes, it is suggested to put into consideration the crack state condition of walls due to seismic face loads. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Dalam rangka mengantisipasi terjadinya beban muka akibat gempa kuat yang bekerja pada bidang dinding pengisi suatu struktur rangka, luas maksimum atau bentang bidang dinding perlu dibatasi seperti yang direkomendasikan dalam Pedoman Perencanaan untuk Struktur Beton Bertulang Biasa dan Struktur Tembok Bertulang untuk Gedung 1983. Namun, pembatasan ini tampak hanya bergantung pada wilayah gempa dan kondisi tanah dimana bangunan berada serta posisi tembok, apakah di lantai dasar atau puncak gedung dan apakah dinding terletak di dalam atau di sekeliling luar bangunan. Sebuah studi yang telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kembali ketentuan pembatasan tersebut di atas menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa parameter lain yang seharusnya juga diperhitungkan, seperti lebar unit bata, tebal efektif dinding, rasio tinggi beban dinding terhadap lebar bentangnya. Di samping itu, untuk keperluan perencanaan diusulkan pula agar tahap kondisi retak dinding akibat beban muka diperhitungkan pula. Kata kunci: tembok pengisi, beban muka, tahap kondisi retak tembok
为了预测剧烈地震对框架结构填充墙板的正面荷载的影响，这些墙板的最大面积或跨度需要按照1983年《普通钢筋混凝土结构和钢筋墙结构设计手册》的建议加以限制。然而，这种限制仅仅是基于结构所在的地震带和土壤条件;墙的位置，无论是在地面还是顶楼，是位于建筑物内部还是在建筑物周边。对上述建议进行重新评估的研究发现，还有一些其他参数也需要考虑，如砖单元的宽度、有效壁厚、墙板的净高与跨距之比。建议在设计时考虑墙体在地震荷载作用下的开裂状态。印度尼西亚语:Dalam rangka mengantisipasi terjadinya beban muka akibat gempa kuat yang bekerja padbidang ding pengisi suatu structur rangka, luas maksimum atau bentang bidang ding perlu dibatasi seperti yang direkomendasikan Dalam Pedoman perencananuntuk struktur Beton Bertulang Biasa dan struktur Bertulang untuk Gedung 1983。Namun, pembatasan ini tampak hanya bergantung篇wilayah gempa丹kondisi共有dimana bangunan berada舒达posisi tembok, apakah迪兰太dasar atau puncak gedung丹apakah结合terletak di dalam atau di sekeliling luar bangunan。Sebuah study yang telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kembali ketentuan pembatasan tersebut数据menypulse kan bahwa terdapat beberapa参数lain yang seharusnya juga diperhitungkan, sepertilebar unit bata, tebal effect - ding, rasio tinggi beban dinding, hadap lebar bentangnya。Di samping itu, untuk keperluan perencanan diusulkan pula agar tahap kondisi retak ding akibat beban muka diperhitungkan pula。Kata kunci: tembok pengisi, beban muka, tahap kondisi retak tembok
{"title":"TINJAUAN TERHADAP PEMBATASAN DIMENSI TEMBOK PENGISI YANG MENERIMA BEBAN MUKA AKIBAT GEMPA","authors":"Takim Andriono, G. H. Kusuma","doi":"10.9744/CED.2.1.PP.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.2.1.PP.","url":null,"abstract":"In order to anticipate the impact of face loading due to severe earthquakes on infilled wall panels of a frame structure, the maximum area or span of these panels needs to be restricted as recommended in the Design Manual for Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Structures and Reinforced Wall Structures 1983. However, this restriction is merely based on the seismic zone and soil condition where the structure is located; the wall's position, whether it is on the ground or top floor and whether it is located inside or on the perimeter of the building. \u0000 \u0000 A study which was carried out to re-evaluate the above recommendation found that there are some other parameters which need also to be considered, such as the width of brick units, the effective wall thickness, the ratio of clear height to span of wall panel. Furthermore, for design purposes, it is suggested to put into consideration the crack state condition of walls due to seismic face loads. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : \u0000Dalam rangka mengantisipasi terjadinya beban muka akibat gempa kuat yang bekerja pada bidang dinding pengisi suatu struktur rangka, luas maksimum atau bentang bidang dinding perlu dibatasi seperti yang direkomendasikan dalam Pedoman Perencanaan untuk Struktur Beton Bertulang Biasa dan Struktur Tembok Bertulang untuk Gedung 1983. Namun, pembatasan ini tampak hanya bergantung pada wilayah gempa dan kondisi tanah dimana bangunan berada serta posisi tembok, apakah di lantai dasar atau puncak gedung dan apakah dinding terletak di dalam atau di sekeliling luar bangunan. \u0000 \u0000Sebuah studi yang telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kembali ketentuan pembatasan tersebut di atas menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa parameter lain yang seharusnya juga diperhitungkan, seperti lebar unit bata, tebal efektif dinding, rasio tinggi beban dinding terhadap lebar bentangnya. Di samping itu, untuk keperluan perencanaan diusulkan pula agar tahap kondisi retak dinding akibat beban muka diperhitungkan pula. \u0000 \u0000Kata kunci: tembok pengisi, beban muka, tahap kondisi retak tembok","PeriodicalId":30107,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Dimension","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71210338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of structural concrete in Madura increases with the development of the island, however coarse and fine aggregates which are used, mostly come from Jawa. This research explores the possibility of using the coarse aggregates from Madura taken from Paterongan, Torjun, and Omben. Although it is shown that in general the coarse aggregates are physically the same with aggregates from Mojokerto or Pasuruan and pass SNI, ACI, ASTM, and BS, only aggregate from Torjun pass the flakiness requirements. The fineness modulus of the aggregates do not pass SNI but pass the BS requirement. Using the aggregates in 225kg/cm2 concrete strength mix design fail to reach the target strength. Aggregates from Paterongan and Omben are only recommended for lean concrete, but there is a possibility to use aggregates from Torjun for structural concrete, with betterment in grading. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Pemakaian beton di pulau Madura meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan pulau Madura tetapi agregat kasar dan halus yang digunakan untuk pembuatan beton masih banyak didatangkan dari pulau Jawa. Untuk melihat kemungkinan penggunaan krikil Madura sebagai agregat kasar beton, telah dilakukan penelitian kekuatan terhadap kerikil Madura yang berasal dari Paterongan, Torjun, dan Omben. Meskipun secara umum dapat dikatakan sifat-sifat fisik kerikil tersebut mendekati sama dengan kerikil dari Mojokerto atau Pasuruan dan memenuhi syarat SNI, ACI, ASTM maupun BS, hanya krikil dari Torjun yang memenuhi syarat kepipihan. Modulus kehalusan kerikil tersebut juga tidak memenuhi syarat SNI walaupun masih memenuhi syarat BS. Penggunaan kerikil Paterongan, Torjun, dan Omben untuk mix disain 225 kg/cm2 ternyata di bawah target yang diharapkan, sehingga kerikil Paterongan dan Omben direkomendasi hanya untuk beton rabat, sedangkan kerikil dari Torjun kemungkinan masih bisa digunakan untuk beton struktur dengan perbaikan gradasi.
随着岛屿的发展，结构混凝土在马杜拉的使用也在增加，然而所使用的粗骨料和细骨料大多来自爪哇。本研究探讨了使用来自帕特龙根、托尔君和奥本的马杜拉粗骨料的可能性。尽管总体而言，粗骨料与Mojokerto或Pasuruan的骨料在物理上是相同的，并且通过了SNI, ACI, ASTM和BS，但只有Torjun的骨料通过了片状度要求。骨料细度模量不符合SNI要求，但符合BS要求。采用骨料进行225kg/cm2混凝土强度配合比设计，未达到目标强度。来自Paterongan和Omben的骨料仅被推荐用于贫混凝土，但有可能使用来自Torjun的骨料用于结构混凝土，并在分级上有所改善。印尼语:马来语beton di pulau Madura meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan pulau Madura tetapi agregat kasar dan halus yang digunakan untuk pembuatan beton masih banyak didatangkan dari pulau爪哇。Untuk melihat kemungkinan penggunaan krikil Madura sebagai agregat kasar beton, telah dilakukan penelitian kekuatan terhadap kerikil Madura yang berasal dari patongan, Torjun, dan Omben。Meskipun secara umum dapat dikatakan sitat -sifat fisik kerikil tersebut mendekati sama dengan kerikil dari Mojokerto atau Pasuruan dan memenuhi syarat SNI, ACI, ASTM maupun BS, hanya krikil dari Torjun yang memenuhi syarat kepipihan。模数kehalusan kerikil tersebut juga tidak memenuhi syarat SNI walaupun masih memenuhi syarat BS。Penggunaan kerikil Paterongan, Torjun, dan Omben untuk混合disain 225 kg/cm2 ternyata di bawah目标yang diharapkan, sehinga kerikil Paterongan dan Omben direkomendasi hanya untuk betrabat, sedangkan kerikil dari Torjun kemungkinan masih bisa digunakan untuk beton struktur dengan perbaikan gradasi。
{"title":"POTENSI PEMAKAIAN KERIKIL PATERONGAN TORJUN DAN OMBEN DI PULAU MADURA UNTUK BETON STRUKTUR","authors":"Julistiono Handojo, Handoko Sugiharto","doi":"10.9744/CED.3.2.PP.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.3.2.PP.","url":null,"abstract":"The use of structural concrete in Madura increases with the development of the island, however coarse and fine aggregates which are used, mostly come from Jawa. This research explores the possibility of using the coarse aggregates from Madura taken from Paterongan, Torjun, and Omben. Although it is shown that in general the coarse aggregates are physically the same with aggregates from Mojokerto or Pasuruan and pass SNI, ACI, ASTM, and BS, only aggregate from Torjun pass the flakiness requirements. The fineness modulus of the aggregates do not pass SNI but pass the BS requirement. Using the aggregates in 225kg/cm2 concrete strength mix design fail to reach the target strength. Aggregates from Paterongan and Omben are only recommended for lean concrete, but there is a possibility to use aggregates from Torjun for structural concrete, with betterment in grading. \u0000 \u0000 Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : \u0000 \u0000Pemakaian beton di pulau Madura meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan pulau Madura tetapi agregat kasar dan halus yang digunakan untuk pembuatan beton masih banyak didatangkan dari pulau Jawa. Untuk melihat kemungkinan penggunaan krikil Madura sebagai agregat kasar beton, telah dilakukan penelitian kekuatan terhadap kerikil Madura yang berasal dari Paterongan, Torjun, dan Omben. Meskipun secara umum dapat dikatakan sifat-sifat fisik kerikil tersebut mendekati sama dengan kerikil dari Mojokerto atau Pasuruan dan memenuhi syarat SNI, ACI, ASTM maupun BS, hanya krikil dari Torjun yang memenuhi syarat kepipihan. Modulus kehalusan kerikil tersebut juga tidak memenuhi syarat SNI walaupun masih memenuhi syarat BS. Penggunaan kerikil Paterongan, Torjun, dan Omben untuk mix disain 225 kg/cm2 ternyata di bawah target yang diharapkan, sehingga kerikil Paterongan dan Omben direkomendasi hanya untuk beton rabat, sedangkan kerikil dari Torjun kemungkinan masih bisa digunakan untuk beton struktur dengan perbaikan gradasi.","PeriodicalId":30107,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Dimension","volume":"3 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71210353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The slake-durability test is regarded as a simple test for assessing weathering of rocks. This simple test has been accepted as a standard test by the Rock Mechanics Society. However, mechanisms into slaking processes have not been fully understood yet as many factors involved in the processes. The current research explored mechanisms performed by the test by conducting a series of slakedurability tests for four types of soft rocks taken from Coober Pedy, South Australia. Results show that the slake-durability index (Id2) of weathered soft rocks was influenced by the degree of weathering. Distinctly weathered rocks had lower indeces compared to partly weathered rocks. Shapes also influenced the Id2 of these soft rocks. Different shapes displayed different mechanisms in the slaking processes. Samples that had irregular shapes tended to have a lower Id2 compared to samples that had rounded shapes. Thus, the slake-durability test might have simple procedures, but it could have complicated mechanisms in slaking processes that contribute to the result of the test.
{"title":"MODELLED MECHANISMS IN THE SLAKE-DURABILITY TEST FOR SOFT ROCKS","authors":"D. S. Agustawijaya","doi":"10.9744/CED.5.2.PP.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.5.2.PP.","url":null,"abstract":"The slake-durability test is regarded as a simple test for assessing weathering of rocks. This simple \u0000test has been accepted as a standard test by the Rock Mechanics Society. However, mechanisms into \u0000slaking processes have not been fully understood yet as many factors involved in the processes. The \u0000current research explored mechanisms performed by the test by conducting a series of slakedurability \u0000tests for four types of soft rocks taken from Coober Pedy, South Australia. Results show \u0000that the slake-durability index (Id2) of weathered soft rocks was influenced by the degree of \u0000weathering. Distinctly weathered rocks had lower indeces compared to partly weathered rocks. \u0000Shapes also influenced the Id2 of these soft rocks. Different shapes displayed different mechanisms in \u0000the slaking processes. Samples that had irregular shapes tended to have a lower Id2 compared to \u0000samples that had rounded shapes. Thus, the slake-durability test might have simple procedures, but \u0000it could have complicated mechanisms in slaking processes that contribute to the result of the test.","PeriodicalId":30107,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Dimension","volume":"5 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71210363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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