Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-228-239
P. V. Amosov
The results of a numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground facility for long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel in a built-in reinforced concrete structure are presented. Two computer models were constructed in a three-dimensional formulation in the COMSOL programme. The first model is based on the incompressible fluid approximation, while the second model is based on the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation. The mathematical basis of models: the continuity equation, Navier - Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, the standard (k - ε) turbulence model, and the general heat transfer equation. Consideration of mixed convection conditions is implemented in the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation, where the air density is a function of temperature only. The most thermally stressful arrangement of spent fuel placement is investigated: U-Zr - defective - U-Be. The air rate is varied in the range from 21 to 0.656 m3/s. Numerical experiments were performed for up to 5 years of fuel storage. The principal difference between the non-stationary structure of the velocity fields predicted in the "incompressible ideal gas" model and the "frozen" picture of the aerodynamic parameters in the incompressible fluid model is emphasized. It is shown that the requirements for exceeding the temperature limit values are met when the object operates under conservative ventilation conditions (rate 0.656 m3/s) with a minimum of costs for organizing ventilation. The dynamics of heat flows directed into the rock mass through the base and from the surface of the built-in structure of the U-Zr fuel compartment to the air environment are analyzed. The predominance of the heat flow from the surface of the structure and the different times when the curves of the heat flow dynamics reach their maximum values are noted. The heat flow to the array reaches its maximum significantly faster than to the air.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground spent fuel storage facility (built-in structure variant)","authors":"P. V. Amosov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-228-239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-228-239","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground facility for long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel in a built-in reinforced concrete structure are presented. Two computer models were constructed in a three-dimensional formulation in the COMSOL programme. The first model is based on the incompressible fluid approximation, while the second model is based on the \"incompressible ideal gas\" approximation. The mathematical basis of models: the continuity equation, Navier - Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, the standard (k - ε) turbulence model, and the general heat transfer equation. Consideration of mixed convection conditions is implemented in the \"incompressible ideal gas\" approximation, where the air density is a function of temperature only. The most thermally stressful arrangement of spent fuel placement is investigated: U-Zr - defective - U-Be. The air rate is varied in the range from 21 to 0.656 m3/s. Numerical experiments were performed for up to 5 years of fuel storage. The principal difference between the non-stationary structure of the velocity fields predicted in the \"incompressible ideal gas\" model and the \"frozen\" picture of the aerodynamic parameters in the incompressible fluid model is emphasized. It is shown that the requirements for exceeding the temperature limit values are met when the object operates under conservative ventilation conditions (rate 0.656 m3/s) with a minimum of costs for organizing ventilation. The dynamics of heat flows directed into the rock mass through the base and from the surface of the built-in structure of the U-Zr fuel compartment to the air environment are analyzed. The predominance of the heat flow from the surface of the structure and the different times when the curves of the heat flow dynamics reach their maximum values are noted. The heat flow to the array reaches its maximum significantly faster than to the air.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42920764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-168-177
S. Skublov, M. E. Mamykina, N. Rizvanova
As a result of isotope-geochemical study, the age data (U-Pb method, ID-TIMS) of titanite from the first phase granites of the Belokurikhinsky granite massif, Gorny Altai, were obtained for the first time. The concordant value of the titanite age of 255 ± 2 Ma coincides within the margin of error with the previously published results of dating micas from granites of the second and third phases of the Belokurikha massif by the Ar-Ar method (250 ± 3 Ma). At the same time, the results of dating differ significantly from the previously published age values for the granites of the Belokurikha massif (232 ± 5 Ma, U-Pb method for the monofraction of zircon grains; 245 ± 8 Ma, Rb-Sr method for the whole rocks). Therefore, there is every reason to narrow the time interval of the formation of the Belokurikha granite massif to 255-250 Ma. The study of the trace element composition of titanite by SIMS demonstrated their zonal structure. The central part of the titanite grain differs from the rim by a noticeably higher content of REE, Cr, Y, and Nb. The content of V, Zr and Ba decreases to a lesser extent towards the rim, the content of Sr and U remains constant. At the same time, the REE distribution spectra in the central and rim parts are conformal to each other, having a convex spectrum for LREE and a concave one for HREE. Titanite is characterized by a negative Eu-anomaly, the depth of which decreases to the rim of the grain. A negative Eu-anomaly indicates the co-crystallization of titanite and plagioclase. The REE distribution spectra in titanite from the Belokurikha massif correspond to the characteristics of a typical magmatic titanite from granitoids and differ significantly from the distribution spectra in metamorphic titanite.
{"title":"U-Pb age and trace elements composition of titanite from granites of Belokurikhinsky massif, Gorny Altai","authors":"S. Skublov, M. E. Mamykina, N. Rizvanova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-168-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-168-177","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of isotope-geochemical study, the age data (U-Pb method, ID-TIMS) of titanite from the first phase granites of the Belokurikhinsky granite massif, Gorny Altai, were obtained for the first time. The concordant value of the titanite age of 255 ± 2 Ma coincides within the margin of error with the previously published results of dating micas from granites of the second and third phases of the Belokurikha massif by the Ar-Ar method (250 ± 3 Ma). At the same time, the results of dating differ significantly from the previously published age values for the granites of the Belokurikha massif (232 ± 5 Ma, U-Pb method for the monofraction of zircon grains; 245 ± 8 Ma, Rb-Sr method for the whole rocks). Therefore, there is every reason to narrow the time interval of the formation of the Belokurikha granite massif to 255-250 Ma. The study of the trace element composition of titanite by SIMS demonstrated their zonal structure. The central part of the titanite grain differs from the rim by a noticeably higher content of REE, Cr, Y, and Nb. The content of V, Zr and Ba decreases to a lesser extent towards the rim, the content of Sr and U remains constant. At the same time, the REE distribution spectra in the central and rim parts are conformal to each other, having a convex spectrum for LREE and a concave one for HREE. Titanite is characterized by a negative Eu-anomaly, the depth of which decreases to the rim of the grain. A negative Eu-anomaly indicates the co-crystallization of titanite and plagioclase. The REE distribution spectra in titanite from the Belokurikha massif correspond to the characteristics of a typical magmatic titanite from granitoids and differ significantly from the distribution spectra in metamorphic titanite.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47264490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-160-167
Yu. L. Voytekhovsky, A. Zakharova
In addition to the standard description of the structures and textures of crystalline rocks the mathematical approaches have been proposed based on a rigorous determination of the petrographic structure through the probabilities of binary intergrain contacts. In general, the petrographic structure is defined as an invariant aspect of rock organization, algebraically expressed by the canonical diagonal form of the symmetric Pij matrix and geometrically visualized by structural indicatrices - surfaces of the 2nd order. The agreed nomenclature of possible petrographic structures for an n-mineral rock is simple: the symbol Snm means that there are exactly m positive numbers in the canonical diagonal form of the Pij matrix. New types of barycentric diagrams have been proposed. To describe the massive texture, the concept of Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium has been proposed. This boundary classifies barycentric diagrams into areas within which canonical types of Рij matrices and topological types of structural indicatrices are preserved. The change in the organization of the rock within a type is quantitative, the transition from one type to another means structural restructuring. The methods are used to describe ijolites and urtites of the Khibiny massif, the Kola Peninsula. In the modern taxonomy of rocks, the boundaries between them are mostly conditional and are drawn according to the contents of rock-forming minerals, for example, between ijolites and urtites - according to the contents of nepheline and pyroxene. The strict definition of the petrographic structure proposed by the authors makes it possible to introduce into petrography the constitutional principle (structure + composition), which is successfully acting in mineralogy.
{"title":"Petrographic structures: Khibiny ijolites and urtites","authors":"Yu. L. Voytekhovsky, A. Zakharova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-160-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-160-167","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the standard description of the structures and textures of crystalline rocks the mathematical approaches have been proposed based on a rigorous determination of the petrographic structure through the probabilities of binary intergrain contacts. In general, the petrographic structure is defined as an invariant aspect of rock organization, algebraically expressed by the canonical diagonal form of the symmetric Pij matrix and geometrically visualized by structural indicatrices - surfaces of the 2nd order. The agreed nomenclature of possible petrographic structures for an n-mineral rock is simple: the symbol Snm means that there are exactly m positive numbers in the canonical diagonal form of the Pij matrix. New types of barycentric diagrams have been proposed. To describe the massive texture, the concept of Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium has been proposed. This boundary classifies barycentric diagrams into areas within which canonical types of Рij matrices and topological types of structural indicatrices are preserved. The change in the organization of the rock within a type is quantitative, the transition from one type to another means structural restructuring. The methods are used to describe ijolites and urtites of the Khibiny massif, the Kola Peninsula. In the modern taxonomy of rocks, the boundaries between them are mostly conditional and are drawn according to the contents of rock-forming minerals, for example, between ijolites and urtites - according to the contents of nepheline and pyroxene. The strict definition of the petrographic structure proposed by the authors makes it possible to introduce into petrography the constitutional principle (structure + composition), which is successfully acting in mineralogy.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43046053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-178-189
E. A. Isakova, M. Korneykova
We analyzed the hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of 33 micromycetes strains isolated from water and soils of the White Sea and Barents Sea coastal territories. The microscopic fungi studied were represented by the following genera: Acremonium, Aspergillus, Meyerozyma, Oidiodendron, Paradendryphiella, Penicillium, Pseudoqymnoascus, Tolypocladium, Trichoderma, Sarocladium, Talaromyces, Umbelopsis. Hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of fungi was carried out in a laboratory experiment for two time periods: 14 and 28 days. The residual concentration of oil hydrocarbons in the medium was determined by the infrared spectrometry method. We revealed that micromycetes had different oil-destructive activity. The decrease in oil content for the strains over 14 days ranged from 11 to 83 %. Tolypocladium inflatum st.1, T. inflatum st.2, Penicillium thomii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, P. simplicissimum, P. camemberti, P. solitum and Trichoderma minutisporum strains had the greatest oil destructive activity, reducing the concentration in the medium by 57-83 %. These micromycetes were isolated from coastal substrates, the content of oil products in which did not exceed the MPC. We found that some individual strains of microscopic fungi had high oil-destructive activity for a longer period of time: Tolypocladium cylindrosporum reduced the content of oil hydrocarbons for 28 days by 95 %. No clear relationship between the fungal biomass and the degree of decomposition of oil products was found, but some tolerant species of micromycetes can actively decompose oil hydrocarbons without significantly increasing their biomass. The identified active strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing micromycetes can be used to create biopreparations with the prospect of their further use for bioremediation of oil spills in the northern marine ecosystems.
{"title":"Destructive activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing micromycetes extracted from the substrates of the coastal areas, the Barents and White Seas","authors":"E. A. Isakova, M. Korneykova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-178-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-178-189","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of 33 micromycetes strains isolated from water and soils of the White Sea and Barents Sea coastal territories. The microscopic fungi studied were represented by the following genera: Acremonium, Aspergillus, Meyerozyma, Oidiodendron, Paradendryphiella, Penicillium, Pseudoqymnoascus, Tolypocladium, Trichoderma, Sarocladium, Talaromyces, Umbelopsis. Hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of fungi was carried out in a laboratory experiment for two time periods: 14 and 28 days. The residual concentration of oil hydrocarbons in the medium was determined by the infrared spectrometry method. We revealed that micromycetes had different oil-destructive activity. The decrease in oil content for the strains over 14 days ranged from 11 to 83 %. Tolypocladium inflatum st.1, T. inflatum st.2, Penicillium thomii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, P. simplicissimum, P. camemberti, P. solitum and Trichoderma minutisporum strains had the greatest oil destructive activity, reducing the concentration in the medium by 57-83 %. These micromycetes were isolated from coastal substrates, the content of oil products in which did not exceed the MPC. We found that some individual strains of microscopic fungi had high oil-destructive activity for a longer period of time: Tolypocladium cylindrosporum reduced the content of oil hydrocarbons for 28 days by 95 %. No clear relationship between the fungal biomass and the degree of decomposition of oil products was found, but some tolerant species of micromycetes can actively decompose oil hydrocarbons without significantly increasing their biomass. The identified active strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing micromycetes can be used to create biopreparations with the prospect of their further use for bioremediation of oil spills in the northern marine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48780471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-149-159
V. I. Kapkov, E. Shoshina, O. V. Stepanyan
The specific and spatial structure of benthic algal community on the littoral zone in the east area of Murman coast of the Barents Sea (69°11'78''N, 36°04'38''E) has been studied in the conditions of anthropogenic influence absence. As a material for studying indicators of fucoid community and populations of dominating species in connection with habitats own long-term seasonal observations and data of scientific expeditions of 1994-2017 have served. The species composition of littoral phytocenosis consists of 39 species including 18 brown, 9 red and 12 green seaweeds, with prevalence on number of annual and seasonal species, on a biomass - perennials. Ecological factors influence essentially on seaweed distribution in different sites of the littoral zone. The major abiotic factors are presence of firm substratum, surf and storms, ice motion. Seaweed littoral community had multi-level structure, in which the basic layer was occupied by brown seaweeds with numerous litophytes and epiphytes under beds and on thallus of dominant species. The community algal biomass in the littoral zone was from 2.8 ± 0.6 up to 17.7 ± 2.9 kg/m² and depended on the species structure, substratum for benthic seaweeds, surf and tides. The biomass and density of fucoid seaweeds varied over a wide range in different biotopes under a natural rigid press of seasonal changes of environmental factors (temperature, surfs, storms) during tides and under natural damages of littoral community in the arctic region. As a whole littoral fucoid phytocenosis of the bay could be considered as an example of adaptation of seaweeds populations to the conditions of the northern seas. The received results could be useful for estimating ecological status of coastal ecosystem, at stock assessment of commercial seaweeds and for algal aquaculture development in the Barents Sea.
{"title":"Intertidal community of fucoid seaweeds in the Yarnyshnaya Bay, the Barents Sea","authors":"V. I. Kapkov, E. Shoshina, O. V. Stepanyan","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-149-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-149-159","url":null,"abstract":"The specific and spatial structure of benthic algal community on the littoral zone in the east area of Murman coast of the Barents Sea (69°11'78''N, 36°04'38''E) has been studied in the conditions of anthropogenic influence absence. As a material for studying indicators of fucoid community and populations of dominating species in connection with habitats own long-term seasonal observations and data of scientific expeditions of 1994-2017 have served. The species composition of littoral phytocenosis consists of 39 species including 18 brown, 9 red and 12 green seaweeds, with prevalence on number of annual and seasonal species, on a biomass - perennials. Ecological factors influence essentially on seaweed distribution in different sites of the littoral zone. The major abiotic factors are presence of firm substratum, surf and storms, ice motion. Seaweed littoral community had multi-level structure, in which the basic layer was occupied by brown seaweeds with numerous litophytes and epiphytes under beds and on thallus of dominant species. The community algal biomass in the littoral zone was from 2.8 ± 0.6 up to 17.7 ± 2.9 kg/m² and depended on the species structure, substratum for benthic seaweeds, surf and tides. The biomass and density of fucoid seaweeds varied over a wide range in different biotopes under a natural rigid press of seasonal changes of environmental factors (temperature, surfs, storms) during tides and under natural damages of littoral community in the arctic region. As a whole littoral fucoid phytocenosis of the bay could be considered as an example of adaptation of seaweeds populations to the conditions of the northern seas. The received results could be useful for estimating ecological status of coastal ecosystem, at stock assessment of commercial seaweeds and for algal aquaculture development in the Barents Sea.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47359992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-118-130
I. Kremenetskaya, T. K. Ivanova, B. Gurevich, A. Novikov, V. V. Semushin
получена после доработки 27.11.2020 Исследованы закономерности многоступенчатого осаждения металлов из сульфатного раствора с высоким содержанием железа, алюминия, меди, цинка и никеля. Концентрации компонентов соответствуют составу подотвальных вод Гайского ГОКа. В качестве щелочного реагента использован гранулированный магнезиально-силикатный реагент на основе серпентинитомагнезита (Халиловское месторождение магнезита, Оренбургская обл.). Способность магнезиально-силикатного реагента снижать кислотность растворов обусловлена наличием в нем продуктов разрушения исходного серпентинового минерала, преимущественно оксида магния. Смоделирован процесс многоступенчатой очистки растворов от металлов. Установлено, что реагент при однократном контакте с раствором не исчерпывает полностью свою активность, в связи с этим изучена возможность его многократного применения – во 2-й и 3-й разы. По мере нейтрализации раствора в соответствии с известным рядом рН начала осаждения соединений металлов происходит осаждение сначала железа, затем алюминия. Для меди и никеля наблюдается эффект соосаждения до достижения рН осаждения малорастворимых соединений. Основным компонентом осадков на 1-й, 2-й и 3-й ступенях, которым соответствует рН = 2,4–3,7, является железо. При рН = 4,0 (четвертая ступень) осадок состоит преимущественно из соединений алюминия. Содержание в осадках меди и никеля увеличивается в результате как уменьшения концентрации макрокомпонентов (алюминия и железа), так и повышения рН. Удаление цинка из раствора происходит не в осадок, а на поверхность гранул. Термоактивированные серпентиновые минералы могут быть использованы в качестве щелочного реагента для нейтрализации и очистки техногенных растворов. Получены осадки, обогащенные по алюминию и железу. Для меди, цинка и никеля наблюдаются процессы сорбции и соосаждения, что препятствует процессу образования данными металлами индивидуальных осадков. Ключевые слова:
{"title":"Separate deposition of metals from highly concentrated solutions with granulated magnesia-silicate reagent","authors":"I. Kremenetskaya, T. K. Ivanova, B. Gurevich, A. Novikov, V. V. Semushin","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-118-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-118-130","url":null,"abstract":"получена после доработки 27.11.2020 Исследованы закономерности многоступенчатого осаждения металлов из сульфатного раствора с высоким содержанием железа, алюминия, меди, цинка и никеля. Концентрации компонентов соответствуют составу подотвальных вод Гайского ГОКа. В качестве щелочного реагента использован гранулированный магнезиально-силикатный реагент на основе серпентинитомагнезита (Халиловское месторождение магнезита, Оренбургская обл.). Способность магнезиально-силикатного реагента снижать кислотность растворов обусловлена наличием в нем продуктов разрушения исходного серпентинового минерала, преимущественно оксида магния. Смоделирован процесс многоступенчатой очистки растворов от металлов. Установлено, что реагент при однократном контакте с раствором не исчерпывает полностью свою активность, в связи с этим изучена возможность его многократного применения – во 2-й и 3-й разы. По мере нейтрализации раствора в соответствии с известным рядом рН начала осаждения соединений металлов происходит осаждение сначала железа, затем алюминия. Для меди и никеля наблюдается эффект соосаждения до достижения рН осаждения малорастворимых соединений. Основным компонентом осадков на 1-й, 2-й и 3-й ступенях, которым соответствует рН = 2,4–3,7, является железо. При рН = 4,0 (четвертая ступень) осадок состоит преимущественно из соединений алюминия. Содержание в осадках меди и никеля увеличивается в результате как уменьшения концентрации макрокомпонентов (алюминия и железа), так и повышения рН. Удаление цинка из раствора происходит не в осадок, а на поверхность гранул. Термоактивированные серпентиновые минералы могут быть использованы в качестве щелочного реагента для нейтрализации и очистки техногенных растворов. Получены осадки, обогащенные по алюминию и железу. Для меди, цинка и никеля наблюдаются процессы сорбции и соосаждения, что препятствует процессу образования данными металлами индивидуальных осадков. Ключевые слова:","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":"24 1","pages":"118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45798712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-69-79
I. Fedorov, A. V. Fedorov, V. Asming
In the winter months of 2018-2020 the Kola Branch of the Unified Geophysical Service RAS conducted experiments on the joint registration of avalanches in the Khibiny mountain range using seismic and infrasonic sensors during work on the forced descent of the snow mass. The aim of the experiments is to assess the possibility of avalanche detection using the geophysical methods. The lack of representative statistics on the frequency and regularity of avalanches is the reason for the relevance of developing methods of their remote registration. The difficulty of registering avalanches is due to their occurrence often in hard-to-reach areas and in poor visibility conditions. To record signals generated by avalanches, different configurations of infrasound panels consisting of three spatially separated sensors (MPA 201 or Hyperion IFS-4000 microbarographs) and a portable seismic station Guralp CMG-6TD were used. As a result of the experiments, infrasound recordings were obtained at different distances from the avalanche source. The infrasound group recordings collected from the experiments were processed using an automatic detector implementing amplitude and cross-correlation signal detection methods. The spectral composition of the recordings and their characteristic appearance were analyzed. Avalanche-induced signals are characterized by long duration and changes in azimuth to the source. The dominant frequencies of the signal lie in the region of 1-10 Hz. Conclusions are made about the insufficient sensitivity of the seismic method when the seismometer is located at a distance of the first kilometers from the avalanche source, as well as the high applicability of the infrasound method for recording the facts of avalanches. The results obtained will make it possible to develop a methodology for automatic detection of signals generated by avalanches using the data of infrasound registration. This is the necessary basis for building a system for continuous monitoring of avalanche activity.
{"title":"Registration of avalanches in the Khibiny Mountains by the geophysical methods","authors":"I. Fedorov, A. V. Fedorov, V. Asming","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-69-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-69-79","url":null,"abstract":"In the winter months of 2018-2020 the Kola Branch of the Unified Geophysical Service RAS conducted experiments on the joint registration of avalanches in the Khibiny mountain range using seismic and infrasonic sensors during work on the forced descent of the snow mass. The aim of the experiments is to assess the possibility of avalanche detection using the geophysical methods. The lack of representative statistics on the frequency and regularity of avalanches is the reason for the relevance of developing methods of their remote registration. The difficulty of registering avalanches is due to their occurrence often in hard-to-reach areas and in poor visibility conditions. To record signals generated by avalanches, different configurations of infrasound panels consisting of three spatially separated sensors (MPA 201 or Hyperion IFS-4000 microbarographs) and a portable seismic station Guralp CMG-6TD were used. As a result of the experiments, infrasound recordings were obtained at different distances from the avalanche source. The infrasound group recordings collected from the experiments were processed using an automatic detector implementing amplitude and cross-correlation signal detection methods. The spectral composition of the recordings and their characteristic appearance were analyzed. Avalanche-induced signals are characterized by long duration and changes in azimuth to the source. The dominant frequencies of the signal lie in the region of 1-10 Hz. Conclusions are made about the insufficient sensitivity of the seismic method when the seismometer is located at a distance of the first kilometers from the avalanche source, as well as the high applicability of the infrasound method for recording the facts of avalanches. The results obtained will make it possible to develop a methodology for automatic detection of signals generated by avalanches using the data of infrasound registration. This is the necessary basis for building a system for continuous monitoring of avalanche activity.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":"24 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42428908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-80-87
M. Huber, A. Mokrushin
The sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Khibina and Lovozero agpaitic massifs provides an opportunity to understand the role of plume-lithosphere interaction processes responsible for the Paleozoic alkaline igneous activity in the north-eastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The stable sulfur isotope δS analysis using triple collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) has been carried out on the pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite from nepheline syenites. The δS values for pentlandite from Khibina rocks range from +0.69 to +2.06 ‰ relative to the Vienna Canyon Diablo Troillite standard (VCDT), and the pyrite has significantly higher δS values up to +4.92 ‰ VCDT. The pentlandite from the Lovozero samples has value +1.48 ‰ VCDT, δS values of chalcopyrite is +2.85 ‰ VCDT. The maximum positive δS values are obtained for Lovozero pyrite, which vary from +5.41 to +6.30 ‰ VCDT. Comparison of sulfur-geochemical features of Khibina and Lovozero nepheline syenite with δS data for the carbonatites from the Khibina, Sallanlatvi, Seblyavr, Vuoriyarvi, Salmagora and Kovdor massifs show later carbonatite formation relatively to associated alkaline rocks. Geochemical sulfur isotope δS investigations emphasizes that parental magmas of the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline massifs were derived from a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We suggest that high-δS signature on the SCLM (δS of +1 to +6 ‰ VCDT) can be explained by subduction of the high-δS Archaean crust.
{"title":"Sulfur isotope signatures of sulfides from the Khibina and Lovozero massifs (Kola Alkaline Province, Fennoscandian Shield)","authors":"M. Huber, A. Mokrushin","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-80-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-80-87","url":null,"abstract":"The sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Khibina and Lovozero agpaitic massifs provides an opportunity to understand the role of plume-lithosphere interaction processes responsible for the Paleozoic alkaline igneous activity in the north-eastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The stable sulfur isotope δS analysis using triple collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) has been carried out on the pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite from nepheline syenites. The δS values for pentlandite from Khibina rocks range from +0.69 to +2.06 ‰ relative to the Vienna Canyon Diablo Troillite standard (VCDT), and the pyrite has significantly higher δS values up to +4.92 ‰ VCDT. The pentlandite from the Lovozero samples has value +1.48 ‰ VCDT, δS values of chalcopyrite is +2.85 ‰ VCDT. The maximum positive δS values are obtained for Lovozero pyrite, which vary from +5.41 to +6.30 ‰ VCDT. Comparison of sulfur-geochemical features of Khibina and Lovozero nepheline syenite with δS data for the carbonatites from the Khibina, Sallanlatvi, Seblyavr, Vuoriyarvi, Salmagora and Kovdor massifs show later carbonatite formation relatively to associated alkaline rocks. Geochemical sulfur isotope δS investigations emphasizes that parental magmas of the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline massifs were derived from a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We suggest that high-δS signature on the SCLM (δS of +1 to +6 ‰ VCDT) can be explained by subduction of the high-δS Archaean crust.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":"24 1","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48542263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-35-45
N. Kozlov, N. Sorokhtin, E. V. Martynov, T. S. Marchuk
The Keivy domain (the northeastern part of the Arctic zone of the Fennoscandian Shield) during the period of the maximum manifestation of the Late Archean collisional processes was overlapped by tectonic allochthons of adjacent microcontinents thrust over it, submerged relative to other blocks of the continental crust, and acquired the features of a classical middle massif. In the process of studies that allow a detailed description of the formation of the supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure, it has been found that the formation processes of the Kola orogeny had a pronounced spatial and temporal zoning and impulsive character. The maximum degree of orogeny was experienced by the rock associations of the Murmansk domain, as a result of which terrigenous material transported from its mountain slopes prevailed in the metasedimentary complexes of the Keivy domain throughout the entire period of their formation. The substance removed from the Murmansk domain was more actively accumulated in the metasedimentary rocks of the Lebyazhinsky suite; then a regular attenuation was observed within all domains, but at the last stage of the formation of the section of the Keivy sedimentary strata, the structural-material complexes of the Murmansk domain again begin to degrade more actively. A detailed study of the compositional features of the supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure refutes the currently emerging point of view on the coeval formation of alkaline granites and felsic metavolcanics of the Lebyazhinsky suite. It can be argued with a high degree of probability that the rocks used to draw this conclusion (for which the age of 2.678 ± 7 Ma) is not typical of the supracrustal section of the metavolcanics of the Lebyazhinsky suite and are metasomatites.
{"title":"Peculiar features of the supracomplexes formation in the Keivy domain","authors":"N. Kozlov, N. Sorokhtin, E. V. Martynov, T. S. Marchuk","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-35-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-35-45","url":null,"abstract":"The Keivy domain (the northeastern part of the Arctic zone of the Fennoscandian Shield) during the period of the maximum manifestation of the Late Archean collisional processes was overlapped by tectonic allochthons of adjacent microcontinents thrust over it, submerged relative to other blocks of the continental crust, and acquired the features of a classical middle massif. In the process of studies that allow a detailed description of the formation of the supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure, it has been found that the formation processes of the Kola orogeny had a pronounced spatial and temporal zoning and impulsive character. The maximum degree of orogeny was experienced by the rock associations of the Murmansk domain, as a result of which terrigenous material transported from its mountain slopes prevailed in the metasedimentary complexes of the Keivy domain throughout the entire period of their formation. The substance removed from the Murmansk domain was more actively accumulated in the metasedimentary rocks of the Lebyazhinsky suite; then a regular attenuation was observed within all domains, but at the last stage of the formation of the section of the Keivy sedimentary strata, the structural-material complexes of the Murmansk domain again begin to degrade more actively. A detailed study of the compositional features of the supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure refutes the currently emerging point of view on the coeval formation of alkaline granites and felsic metavolcanics of the Lebyazhinsky suite. It can be argued with a high degree of probability that the rocks used to draw this conclusion (for which the age of 2.678 ± 7 Ma) is not typical of the supracrustal section of the metavolcanics of the Lebyazhinsky suite and are metasomatites.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":"24 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-57-68
M. Sidorov, E. Kozlov, E. Fomina
получена после доработки 09.03.2021 Массив Салланлатва принадлежит к группе палеозойских щелочно-ультраосновных комплексов, широко проявленных в пределах Кольского региона (северо-западная часть Фенноскандинавского щита). В центральной части этого массива среди ийолитов и уртитов находятся крупные тела кальцитовых, анкеритовых, анкерит-доломитовых и сидеритовых карбонатитов. Одна из последних стадий карбонатитового магматизма в массиве Салланлатва – проявление эксплозивных процессов, приведших к образованию брекчированных пород с карбонатитовым цементом, расположенных в кальцитовых и анкерит-доломитовых карбонатитах. Проведенные петрографические и минералогические исследования позволили выделить два типа эксплозивных брекчий в массиве: (1) брекчии с глиммеритовыми обломками и кальцитовым цементом и (2) брекчии с сидеритовыми обломками и хлорит-доломитовым цементом. Анализ минерального состава и формы обломков в брекчиях, а также минерального состава цемента показал, что первым во вмещающие кальцитовые и анкерит-доломитовые карбонатиты внедрилось вещество, сформировавшее брекчии со слабо окатанными и угловатыми обломками флогопитовых глиммеритов и кальцитовым цементом. После этого по зонам трещиноватости проникал расплав силикатно-доломитового состава, в результате чего образовались брекчии с угловатыми сидеритовыми обломками и хлорит-доломитовым цементом. Различия в минеральном составе цемента брекчий предполагают, что остаточные карбонатитовые расплавы поступали из отдельных магматических камер, причем камера с расплавами кальцитового состава располагалась на большой глубине и часть захваченных обломков глиммеритов подверглась абразии при движении расплава. Силикатно-доломитовые расплавы поднимались с меньшей глубины и захваченные обломки сидеритовых карбонатитов сохранили угловатую форму. Поздние гидротермальные процессы проявились в образовании в брекчиях и вмещающих их породах прожилков и каверн с Ba-Sr-P-S-Ti-REE минерализацией. Ключевые слова:
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