Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-5-17
A. Kalinin, N. Kudryashov, Y. Savchenko
A new type of prospects of gold mineralization in the Kola region is considered in the paper. The Mal'javr prospect is located in the south-western flank of the Uragubsky greenstone belt in biotite gneiss – the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks with interlayering of polymictic conglomerate, gravelite, and sandstone. Gold-bearing sulfide mineralization was found in altered rocks, which form a series of lens-shaped bodies, concentrated along a shear zone of NNE strike. The bodies of altered rocks are zonal: the central zone makes 50–80 % of the lens volume, it consists of garnet and quartz, the intermediate zone is of garnet-biotite mineral composition, and in the outer zone, which is often reduced, the main minerals are hedenbergite, hornblende, and grunerite. The metasomatic alteration is connected with an increase of iron content, decrease of Al, Si, and alkaline metals Na and K, redistribution of calcium to the outer zone of metasomatic lenses; and magnesium is inert. If compared to the unaltered gneiss, the altered rocks are depleted in Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb; and content of Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Ag, Te, W, Bi (all these elements are known to associate with gold) increases. All zones of altered rocks are rich in sulfide mineralization. Pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite are the main sulfide minerals, minor minerals are chalcopyrite, pentlandite, magnetite, tochilinite, native gold, and late pyrite and marcasite. Rock alteration and formation of sulfide mineralization happened at a high temperature > 600 °С, and the late alteration processes at ~400 °C. The arsenopyrite-gold mineralization probably formed with As and Au mobilized from the host biotite gneiss during regional metamorphism or due to pegmatite vein intrusion.
{"title":"Mal'javr – the first gold prospect in the Archean conglomerates, the Kola region","authors":"A. Kalinin, N. Kudryashov, Y. Savchenko","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-5-17","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of prospects of gold mineralization in the Kola region is considered in the paper. The Mal'javr prospect is located in the south-western flank of the Uragubsky greenstone belt in biotite gneiss – the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks with interlayering of polymictic conglomerate, gravelite, and sandstone. Gold-bearing sulfide mineralization was found in altered rocks, which form a series of lens-shaped bodies, concentrated along a shear zone of NNE strike. The bodies of altered rocks are zonal: the central zone makes 50–80 % of the lens volume, it consists of garnet and quartz, the intermediate zone is of garnet-biotite mineral composition, and in the outer zone, which is often reduced, the main minerals are hedenbergite, hornblende, and grunerite. The metasomatic alteration is connected with an increase of iron content, decrease of Al, Si, and alkaline metals Na and K, redistribution of calcium to the outer zone of metasomatic lenses; and magnesium is inert. If compared to the unaltered gneiss, the altered rocks are depleted in Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb; and content of Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Ag, Te, W, Bi (all these elements are known to associate with gold) increases. All zones of altered rocks are rich in sulfide mineralization. Pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite are the main sulfide minerals, minor minerals are chalcopyrite, pentlandite, magnetite, tochilinite, native gold, and late pyrite and marcasite. Rock alteration and formation of sulfide mineralization happened at a high temperature > 600 °С, and the late alteration processes at ~400 °C. The arsenopyrite-gold mineralization probably formed with As and Au mobilized from the host biotite gneiss during regional metamorphism or due to pegmatite vein intrusion.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43137382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-57-68
S. Naugolnykh, V. Linkevich
The paper contains a review of the higher plant fossils collected from the Middle Carboniferous deposits of two localities disposed in the Rostov-on-Don Region. The collection includes fossils of arborescent lycopodiopsids Lepidodendron cf. aculeatum Sternberg, Sigillaria scutellata Brongniart, sphenophytes Calamites spp. and trigonocarpalean (medullosalean) pteridosperms Alethopteris lonchitica (Schlotheim) Goeppert, A. decurrens (Artis) Zeiller, Neuropteris heterophylla Brongniart, Mixoneura cf. beraliana Zalessky. The taxonomic composition of the studied floristic assemblage indicates that the original hydrophilic/anthracophilic vegetation grew in conditions of wet and warm (humid) climate. The representativeness and museum attractiveness of the collected specimens make it possible to use them effectively in educational projects, as well as for didactic purposes and museum exhibitions.
{"title":"New data on Carboniferous plants of the Rostov-on-Don Region (Russia)","authors":"S. Naugolnykh, V. Linkevich","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-57-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-57-68","url":null,"abstract":"The paper contains a review of the higher plant fossils collected from the Middle Carboniferous deposits of two localities disposed in the Rostov-on-Don Region. The collection includes fossils of arborescent lycopodiopsids Lepidodendron cf. aculeatum Sternberg, Sigillaria scutellata Brongniart, sphenophytes Calamites spp. and trigonocarpalean (medullosalean) pteridosperms Alethopteris lonchitica (Schlotheim) Goeppert, A. decurrens (Artis) Zeiller, Neuropteris heterophylla Brongniart, Mixoneura cf. beraliana Zalessky. The taxonomic composition of the studied floristic assemblage indicates that the original hydrophilic/anthracophilic vegetation grew in conditions of wet and warm (humid) climate. The representativeness and museum attractiveness of the collected specimens make it possible to use them effectively in educational projects, as well as for didactic purposes and museum exhibitions.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-305-312
N. P. Nesterkina, E. Kuznetsov, J. Zhuravleva
The paper analyzes the results of comparative studies of the lighting characteristics of retrofit LED lamps of the A60 form factor from various manufacturers: Uniel (Russia - China), JazzWay (Russia - China), Philips (Netherlands), Ecola (Russia), Wolta (Germany). During the test period of lamps up to 6,000 hours, the following lighting characteristics were measured: luminous flux, power consumption, pulsation coefficient. The lamps were tested for 6,000 hours of burning at mains voltage of 220 V. The lamps were turned off 4 times a day and turned on again no less than 15 minutes after being turned off. Measurements of the lighting characteristics of the lamps were carried out after 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, 6,000 hours of burning. The position of the lamps during the tests is with the base up. The test results show that the measured value of the initial luminous flux of all retrofit LED lamps corresponds to the declared one; a high value of the lumen maintenance after 6,000 hours of burning among retrofit LED lamps has been shown by Uniel LED 10W 4000K (94.5 %), Philips Essential LED 9W 6500K (96.2 %), Wolta LX 12W 3000K (95.3 %), for lamps JazzWay PLED-SP 10W 5000K and Ecola Classic LED 10.2W 4000K lumen maintenance is less than 90 %. According to the test results, only for the Uniel LED 10W 4000K lamp, the measured values of lighting characteristics and pulsation coefficient, including after 6,000 hours of burning, correspond to the declared ones. With a low pulsation coefficient of 2.3 % for this lamp, the lumen maintenance after 6,000 hours is 94.5 %, which corresponds to lumen maintenance code 9 according to state standard (GOST IEC 62612-2019).
本文分析了来自Uniel（俄罗斯-中国）、JazzWay（俄罗斯-中华）、Philips（荷兰）、Ecola（俄罗斯）、Wolta（德国）等不同制造商的A60形状因子改装LED灯的照明特性的比较研究结果。在长达6000小时的灯具测试期间，测量了以下照明特性：光通量、功耗、脉动系数。在220V的电源电压下对这些灯进行了6000小时的燃烧测试。每天关闭4次灯，并在关闭后不少于15分钟再次打开。在燃烧0、1000、2000、3000、4000、6000小时后对这些灯的照明特性进行了测量。测试期间，灯的位置是底座向上。测试结果表明，所有改装LED灯的初始光通量测量值与申报值一致；Uniel LED 10W 4000K（94.5%）、Philips Essential LED 9W 6500K（96.2%）、Wolta LX 12W 3000K（95.3%）显示了改装LED灯在燃烧6000小时后的高流明维持值，JazzWay PLED-SP 10W 5000K和Ecola Classic LED 10.2W 4000K的流明维持低于90%。根据测试结果，只有Uniel LED 10W 4000K灯的照明特性和脉动系数的测量值，包括燃烧6000小时后的测量值与声明值一致。该灯的低脉动系数为2.3%，6000小时后的管腔维持率为94.5%，符合国家标准（GOST IEC 62612-2019）规定的管腔维持代码9。
{"title":"Studying changes in the lighting characteristics of retrofit LED lamps during long-term testing","authors":"N. P. Nesterkina, E. Kuznetsov, J. Zhuravleva","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-305-312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-305-312","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the results of comparative studies of the lighting characteristics of retrofit LED lamps of the A60 form factor from various manufacturers: Uniel (Russia - China), JazzWay (Russia - China), Philips (Netherlands), Ecola (Russia), Wolta (Germany). During the test period of lamps up to 6,000 hours, the following lighting characteristics were measured: luminous flux, power consumption, pulsation coefficient. The lamps were tested for 6,000 hours of burning at mains voltage of 220 V. The lamps were turned off 4 times a day and turned on again no less than 15 minutes after being turned off. Measurements of the lighting characteristics of the lamps were carried out after 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, 6,000 hours of burning. The position of the lamps during the tests is with the base up. The test results show that the measured value of the initial luminous flux of all retrofit LED lamps corresponds to the declared one; a high value of the lumen maintenance after 6,000 hours of burning among retrofit LED lamps has been shown by Uniel LED 10W 4000K (94.5 %), Philips Essential LED 9W 6500K (96.2 %), Wolta LX 12W 3000K (95.3 %), for lamps JazzWay PLED-SP 10W 5000K and Ecola Classic LED 10.2W 4000K lumen maintenance is less than 90 %. According to the test results, only for the Uniel LED 10W 4000K lamp, the measured values of lighting characteristics and pulsation coefficient, including after 6,000 hours of burning, correspond to the declared ones. With a low pulsation coefficient of 2.3 % for this lamp, the lumen maintenance after 6,000 hours is 94.5 %, which corresponds to lumen maintenance code 9 according to state standard (GOST IEC 62612-2019).","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42231364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-390-399
D. A. Savateev
Continuous improvement of the technical equipment of sea vessels is inevitably accompanied by the development and complication of the training base for marine specialists. Simulator training based on a computer model of operating the units of the liquefied natural gas tanker of the Veliky Novgorod type includes interactive computer programs for learning management, created using the e-Tutor computer module included in the simulator delivery set. In the course of systematizing the experience of using specialized programming tools for educational and research activities of students in organizing and conducting simulator training for electrical engineers on computer simulation models of sea vessels, a system of conventional graphic symbols for the elements of the flowchart of the training exercise program has been formed and their description has been given. Training and control exercises include familiarization with the mnemonic diagrams of the integrated marine vessel automation system and assessment of the state of the ship's electrical power system with their help, starting the propulsion electrical installation, providing energy to the operating propulsion electrical installation under load changes, switching on the backup diesel generator unit for parallel operation with the network in normal and emergency modes, acceleration of the vessel to the given speed in accordance with the tasks of the instructor. The advantages of training programming using the e-Tutor computer module are the ability to use the simulator in self-study mode with automated teaching support.
{"title":"Programming of marine engineers' simulator training","authors":"D. A. Savateev","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-390-399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-390-399","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous improvement of the technical equipment of sea vessels is inevitably accompanied by the development and complication of the training base for marine specialists. Simulator training based on a computer model of operating the units of the liquefied natural gas tanker of the Veliky Novgorod type includes interactive computer programs for learning management, created using the e-Tutor computer module included in the simulator delivery set. In the course of systematizing the experience of using specialized programming tools for educational and research activities of students in organizing and conducting simulator training for electrical engineers on computer simulation models of sea vessels, a system of conventional graphic symbols for the elements of the flowchart of the training exercise program has been formed and their description has been given. Training and control exercises include familiarization with the mnemonic diagrams of the integrated marine vessel automation system and assessment of the state of the ship's electrical power system with their help, starting the propulsion electrical installation, providing energy to the operating propulsion electrical installation under load changes, switching on the backup diesel generator unit for parallel operation with the network in normal and emergency modes, acceleration of the vessel to the given speed in accordance with the tasks of the instructor. The advantages of training programming using the e-Tutor computer module are the ability to use the simulator in self-study mode with automated teaching support.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-354-364
A. Nemirovskiy, G. Kichigina, I. Y. Sergievskaya, O. M. Nikiforova, V. A. Sokolova
Calculations of the technical and economic effect from the use of thermal and electroosmosis-based drying methods in relation to agricultural production have been carried out according to the developed algorithms. For this purpose, the study compares oven drying (OD) (drying box SNOL 3.5´3.5 for EM 0,25-2,2 kW, drying box with heaters 10 kV for EM 3-55 kW), electrodynamic drying (ED) (three-phase transformer for device power supply TTD-2,5, transformer TD-102), electroosmotic drying (EOD device), convective drying (CD) (CD device), convective-electroosmotic drying (CED) (CED device). EOD is free from shortcomings being characteristic of heat drying methods; since it does not require disassembly and dismantling of the electric motors at the workplace, increased power consumption and does not contribute to thermal degradation of the insulation. Based on the electroosmotic method of drying, electroosmothermal and convective-electroosmotic drying have been developed. The economic effect from the introduction of the developed devices for electroosmotic drying is ensured by increasing labor productivity by 1.5-11.4 times, saving electricity by 80-1,230 times, depending on the power of the ED, and also increasing the durability of insulation by reducing destruction to zero (electroosmotic drying and moisture protection) or reducing it by 10 times (convective-electroosmotic drying).
根据所开发的算法，计算了与农业生产有关的热和电渗透干燥方法的技术和经济效果。为此，本研究比较了烘箱干燥(OD) (EM 0,25-2,2 kW的干燥箱SNOL 3.5´3.5,EM 3- 55kw的带加热器的干燥箱10kv)、电动力干燥(ED)(设备供电用三相变压器ttd -2,5，变压器TD-102)、电渗透干燥(EOD装置)、对流干燥(CD装置)、对流-电渗透干燥(CED装置)。排爆装置没有热干燥方法的缺点;由于它不需要在工作场所拆卸和拆卸电动机，因此增加了电力消耗，并且不会导致绝缘的热降解。在电渗透干燥方法的基础上，发展了电热和对流电渗透干燥。引进所开发的电渗透干燥设备的经济效果是:根据ED的功率，劳动生产率提高1.5-11.4倍，节电80- 1230倍，并且通过将破坏减少到零(电渗透干燥和防潮)或减少10倍(对流-电渗透干燥)来提高绝缘的耐久性。
{"title":"Comparative assessment of different methods of drying electric motors windings insulation","authors":"A. Nemirovskiy, G. Kichigina, I. Y. Sergievskaya, O. M. Nikiforova, V. A. Sokolova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-354-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-354-364","url":null,"abstract":"Calculations of the technical and economic effect from the use of thermal and electroosmosis-based drying methods in relation to agricultural production have been carried out according to the developed algorithms. For this purpose, the study compares oven drying (OD) (drying box SNOL 3.5´3.5 for EM 0,25-2,2 kW, drying box with heaters 10 kV for EM 3-55 kW), electrodynamic drying (ED) (three-phase transformer for device power supply TTD-2,5, transformer TD-102), electroosmotic drying (EOD device), convective drying (CD) (CD device), convective-electroosmotic drying (CED) (CED device). EOD is free from shortcomings being characteristic of heat drying methods; since it does not require disassembly and dismantling of the electric motors at the workplace, increased power consumption and does not contribute to thermal degradation of the insulation. Based on the electroosmotic method of drying, electroosmothermal and convective-electroosmotic drying have been developed. The economic effect from the introduction of the developed devices for electroosmotic drying is ensured by increasing labor productivity by 1.5-11.4 times, saving electricity by 80-1,230 times, depending on the power of the ED, and also increasing the durability of insulation by reducing destruction to zero (electroosmotic drying and moisture protection) or reducing it by 10 times (convective-electroosmotic drying).","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46213906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-378-389
A. Savenko, P. Savenko
Unmanned seagoing vessels are increasingly being used. In the paper the dump scow Rabochaya is considered as an example of an unmanned vessel. An extended marine control system, a video surveillance subsystem, a surveillance and search engine are additionally installed on the scow to carry out industrial tasks in unmanned mode. The correct operation of these systems and the whole vessel depends on the high-quality operation of the ship's electrical power system. The aim of the study is to identify abnormal modes of parallel operation of marine diesel generator sets and to develop methods and means for their elimination. The results of the experimental research and mathematical modeling have revealed the existence of power exchange oscillations when the ship generators operating in parallel. Power exchange oscillations can be detected with the help of generator current oscillations. It has been proposed to introduce a unit for eliminating power exchange oscillations (EPEO) into the automatic control system of ship electrical power systems for eliminating such oscillations. An algorithm for the operation of the EPEO unit has been developed, it controls the settings of the rotational speed regulators of diesel-generator sets. The proposed methods and tools reduce the amplitude of power exchange oscillations to an acceptable value, and therefore contribute to the high-quality operation of the ship's electrical power system and control systems in unmanned mode. The results obtained make it possible to ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of any autonomous electrical power system during the operation mode without maintenance personnel.
{"title":"Features of ensuring high-quality work of modern electrical power systems of unmanned vessels","authors":"A. Savenko, P. Savenko","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-378-389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-378-389","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned seagoing vessels are increasingly being used. In the paper the dump scow Rabochaya is considered as an example of an unmanned vessel. An extended marine control system, a video surveillance subsystem, a surveillance and search engine are additionally installed on the scow to carry out industrial tasks in unmanned mode. The correct operation of these systems and the whole vessel depends on the high-quality operation of the ship's electrical power system. The aim of the study is to identify abnormal modes of parallel operation of marine diesel generator sets and to develop methods and means for their elimination. The results of the experimental research and mathematical modeling have revealed the existence of power exchange oscillations when the ship generators operating in parallel. Power exchange oscillations can be detected with the help of generator current oscillations. It has been proposed to introduce a unit for eliminating power exchange oscillations (EPEO) into the automatic control system of ship electrical power systems for eliminating such oscillations. An algorithm for the operation of the EPEO unit has been developed, it controls the settings of the rotational speed regulators of diesel-generator sets. The proposed methods and tools reduce the amplitude of power exchange oscillations to an acceptable value, and therefore contribute to the high-quality operation of the ship's electrical power system and control systems in unmanned mode. The results obtained make it possible to ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of any autonomous electrical power system during the operation mode without maintenance personnel.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47344412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-345-353
B. Kayumov
Currently, there are various methods of testing vehicles and its components used by different car manufacturing companies. Also, these methods are given in the UNECE regulatory documents in the field of transport, but these documents do not take into account the separate operating conditions of cars in different regions. In this regard, the paper presents the road and climatic conditions of Central Asia characterized by peculiar characteristics. Based on the climatic features of the operation in a hot region, technical requirements have been developed for electromechanical sensors of cars for operation in hot climatic conditions, which should ensure the reliability of these components when the car runs at least 250,000 km. The method of testing electromechanical sensors of cars has been presented. It is established that in order to ensure the normal operability of sensors operating in hot climates, it is necessary to conduct tests at a nominal ambient temperature 45 ± 5 °C. The test procedure is built based on this parameter. All developed test methods are consistent with current standards in the field of electromagnetic, electromechanical and other electrical parameters of the automotive industry. Schematic diagrams of stands for testing have been given. The paper reflects the methodology of accelerated reliability tests, in which the temperature is set as the accelerating factor. The tests fully reflect the operational characteristics of the movement of cars in a sharply continental climate with a hot slope of ambient temperature with sharp temperature changes. After each test, it is determined that the nominal parameters of the sensors are checked for compliance with the established requirements. Conclusions reflecting the results of the work carried out have been made.
{"title":"Development of test methods for electromechanical sensors of vehicles used for operation in regions with a hot climate","authors":"B. Kayumov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-345-353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-345-353","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there are various methods of testing vehicles and its components used by different car manufacturing companies. Also, these methods are given in the UNECE regulatory documents in the field of transport, but these documents do not take into account the separate operating conditions of cars in different regions. In this regard, the paper presents the road and climatic conditions of Central Asia characterized by peculiar characteristics. Based on the climatic features of the operation in a hot region, technical requirements have been developed for electromechanical sensors of cars for operation in hot climatic conditions, which should ensure the reliability of these components when the car runs at least 250,000 km. The method of testing electromechanical sensors of cars has been presented. It is established that in order to ensure the normal operability of sensors operating in hot climates, it is necessary to conduct tests at a nominal ambient temperature 45 ± 5 °C. The test procedure is built based on this parameter. All developed test methods are consistent with current standards in the field of electromagnetic, electromechanical and other electrical parameters of the automotive industry. Schematic diagrams of stands for testing have been given. The paper reflects the methodology of accelerated reliability tests, in which the temperature is set as the accelerating factor. The tests fully reflect the operational characteristics of the movement of cars in a sharply continental climate with a hot slope of ambient temperature with sharp temperature changes. After each test, it is determined that the nominal parameters of the sensors are checked for compliance with the established requirements. Conclusions reflecting the results of the work carried out have been made.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48836148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-365-377
T. Petrov, A. Safin, E. Gracheva, I. Ivshin, A. Tsvetkov, V. Basenko
The development of electric transport is inextricably linked with the modernization of the associated infrastructure, and one of the factors for the slow introduction of electric transport in Russia is the small number of charging stations. But most of the existing solutions in the field of charging stations have a drawback - the lack of mobile installations. The team of Kazan State Power Engineering University (KSPEU) and Production Association "Zarnitsa" is developing a mobile electric vehicle charge units (MSCEU). At the design stage, a problem has arisen with the fact that it would be difficult to conduct constant tests on a full-fledged prototype of the MSCEU due to the weight and size parameters of the equipment. At the same time, there is a need for preliminary confirmation of the compliance of the MSCEU with the climatic (UHL1) and mechanical performance (M3) groups. To accomplish this task, it was decided to simulate the work of the MSCEU in the COMSOL software. For solving this problem, it is necessary to simulate a module of four rechargeable batteries in order to confirm the manufacturer's parameters, and thus verify the resulting model. Based on these results, a complete MSCEU model consisting of 1,200 batteries can be implemented, which can be used to check compliance with the given conditions. For thermal calculations, it is necessary to check the pre-selected parameters of the air conditioning power, and to select the thickness of the thermal insulation. As a result a 3D model has been implemented in COMSOL, the parameters of all materials used have been determined, the connections of solutions have been built, physics of processes and the type of a solver have been selected. Based on the simulation, the insulation thickness has been chosen, the results of simulation of operating the air conditioning system to maintain the operating temperature of the batteries have been obtained, and the results have been demonstrated that confirm the mechanical reliability of the MSCEU.
{"title":"Simulation of operating the equipment of mobile charging installation for charging electric vehicles to confirm compliance with climatic and mechanical performance groups","authors":"T. Petrov, A. Safin, E. Gracheva, I. Ivshin, A. Tsvetkov, V. Basenko","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-365-377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-365-377","url":null,"abstract":"The development of electric transport is inextricably linked with the modernization of the associated infrastructure, and one of the factors for the slow introduction of electric transport in Russia is the small number of charging stations. But most of the existing solutions in the field of charging stations have a drawback - the lack of mobile installations. The team of Kazan State Power Engineering University (KSPEU) and Production Association \"Zarnitsa\" is developing a mobile electric vehicle charge units (MSCEU). At the design stage, a problem has arisen with the fact that it would be difficult to conduct constant tests on a full-fledged prototype of the MSCEU due to the weight and size parameters of the equipment. At the same time, there is a need for preliminary confirmation of the compliance of the MSCEU with the climatic (UHL1) and mechanical performance (M3) groups. To accomplish this task, it was decided to simulate the work of the MSCEU in the COMSOL software. For solving this problem, it is necessary to simulate a module of four rechargeable batteries in order to confirm the manufacturer's parameters, and thus verify the resulting model. Based on these results, a complete MSCEU model consisting of 1,200 batteries can be implemented, which can be used to check compliance with the given conditions. For thermal calculations, it is necessary to check the pre-selected parameters of the air conditioning power, and to select the thickness of the thermal insulation. As a result a 3D model has been implemented in COMSOL, the parameters of all materials used have been determined, the connections of solutions have been built, physics of processes and the type of a solver have been selected. Based on the simulation, the insulation thickness has been chosen, the results of simulation of operating the air conditioning system to maintain the operating temperature of the batteries have been obtained, and the results have been demonstrated that confirm the mechanical reliability of the MSCEU.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45535138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-400-408
A. Solovyov, S. N. Shugay
The development of methods and algorithms for ship control when maneuvering relative to a moving object and the creation of automated control systems based on these developments is an urgent task of navigation. The most optimal way to implement control of a moving object relative to another moving object is based on using the proportional navigation method. As applied to navigation problems, this method has been studied at the level of describing the kinematics of the movement of two points. The mathematical model provides for a preliminary calculation of the extrapolated ship coordinates. The construction of ship motion trajectories for any given proportionality factor is carried out taking into account the dynamics of the ship and makes it possible to obtain the law of rudder shift, as well as to predict changes in the process of maneuvering such ship parameters as angular velocity and drift angle. The proposed mathematical model can be used for algorithmic and software support for automated ship control systems when maneuvering relative to a moving object.
{"title":"Application of the proportional navigation method in solving problems of navigation","authors":"A. Solovyov, S. N. Shugay","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-400-408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-400-408","url":null,"abstract":"The development of methods and algorithms for ship control when maneuvering relative to a moving object and the creation of automated control systems based on these developments is an urgent task of navigation. The most optimal way to implement control of a moving object relative to another moving object is based on using the proportional navigation method. As applied to navigation problems, this method has been studied at the level of describing the kinematics of the movement of two points. The mathematical model provides for a preliminary calculation of the extrapolated ship coordinates. The construction of ship motion trajectories for any given proportionality factor is carried out taking into account the dynamics of the ship and makes it possible to obtain the law of rudder shift, as well as to predict changes in the process of maneuvering such ship parameters as angular velocity and drift angle. The proposed mathematical model can be used for algorithmic and software support for automated ship control systems when maneuvering relative to a moving object.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46977137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-291-297
M. Votinov, M. Ershov
The paper considers the application of neural networks in the construction of a digital twin of a technological process. The purpose of the presented research is to process the data accumulated by the automatic control system of a small-sized drying plant about the technological processes occurring on it during the last time, to train a neural network on their basis and to form a digital (neural network) model of temperature change in a thermal chamber. Elements of machine learning are used involving a multilayer neural network of direct propagation. The method of error back propagation is used in the work where the error value of the output neuron is projected onto all the weights of all the neurons of the network, starting from the output and ending with the weights of the neurons of the input layer. During the training, the network received information about the power of the plant's actuators and the temperature in the thermal chamber changing over time. Upon completion of the training, the state of the neural network was formed, which is a digital model of temperature changes in the thermal chamber of a small-sized drying plant. The model obtained with the help of a neural network (digital twin) has shown a correlation with experimental data with an average absolute percentage error not exceeding 3 %. Thus, the behavior of the neural network model is adequate to the real object. Further research in the field of the formation of a digital twin of a technological object (taking into account additional parameters in the model, formation of a neuroregulator based on the model) is necessary and planned by the authors.
{"title":"Formation of digital counterparts of automatic control objects using neural networks in cold fish drying processes","authors":"M. Votinov, M. Ershov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-291-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-291-297","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the application of neural networks in the construction of a digital twin of a technological process. The purpose of the presented research is to process the data accumulated by the automatic control system of a small-sized drying plant about the technological processes occurring on it during the last time, to train a neural network on their basis and to form a digital (neural network) model of temperature change in a thermal chamber. Elements of machine learning are used involving a multilayer neural network of direct propagation. The method of error back propagation is used in the work where the error value of the output neuron is projected onto all the weights of all the neurons of the network, starting from the output and ending with the weights of the neurons of the input layer. During the training, the network received information about the power of the plant's actuators and the temperature in the thermal chamber changing over time. Upon completion of the training, the state of the neural network was formed, which is a digital model of temperature changes in the thermal chamber of a small-sized drying plant. The model obtained with the help of a neural network (digital twin) has shown a correlation with experimental data with an average absolute percentage error not exceeding 3 %. Thus, the behavior of the neural network model is adequate to the real object. Further research in the field of the formation of a digital twin of a technological object (taking into account additional parameters in the model, formation of a neuroregulator based on the model) is necessary and planned by the authors.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41924429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：