Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-313-323
A. Akhmetshin, Y. I. Soluyanov, A. Fedotov, N. Chernova, V. Soluyanov
Updating the development of specific electrical loads of residential buildings of clusters 1 (up to 5 floors) and 2 (6-11 floors) based on actual measurements (with amendments to the Code of Rules 256.1325800.2016 "Electrical installations of residential and public buildings. Design and installation rules") contributes reducing the cost of technological connection in residential construction, as well as reducing the actual unused "locked power" at the same time as reducing electricity losses in power transformers. In the course of the study, an analysis has been made of the actual electrical loads of residential buildings in Moscow for the periods from November 1 to November 30, 2021 and from December 25, 2021 to January 31, 2022. The number of the studied sample for cluster 1 is 91 houses, for cluster 2 - 58 houses. When determining the maximum specific power of a sample set of multi-apartment residential buildings in Moscow in clusters 1 and 2, an average value and a confidence interval have been established, which "covers" the average of the general population with a probability of 95 %; a comparative analysis of the actual specific electrical loads of a residential building with the loads given in the Code of Rules has been carried out. Based on the results of statistical processing of a sample of multi-apartment buildings in clusters 1 and 2, the dependence of the maximum specific power on the number of apartments in a residential building has been determined with a trend line that clearly illustrates the trend in the studied dependence.
{"title":"Calculation of specific electrical loads of residential buildings based on actual measurements","authors":"A. Akhmetshin, Y. I. Soluyanov, A. Fedotov, N. Chernova, V. Soluyanov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-313-323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-313-323","url":null,"abstract":"Updating the development of specific electrical loads of residential buildings of clusters 1 (up to 5 floors) and 2 (6-11 floors) based on actual measurements (with amendments to the Code of Rules 256.1325800.2016 \"Electrical installations of residential and public buildings. Design and installation rules\") contributes reducing the cost of technological connection in residential construction, as well as reducing the actual unused \"locked power\" at the same time as reducing electricity losses in power transformers. In the course of the study, an analysis has been made of the actual electrical loads of residential buildings in Moscow for the periods from November 1 to November 30, 2021 and from December 25, 2021 to January 31, 2022. The number of the studied sample for cluster 1 is 91 houses, for cluster 2 - 58 houses. When determining the maximum specific power of a sample set of multi-apartment residential buildings in Moscow in clusters 1 and 2, an average value and a confidence interval have been established, which \"covers\" the average of the general population with a probability of 95 %; a comparative analysis of the actual specific electrical loads of a residential building with the loads given in the Code of Rules has been carried out. Based on the results of statistical processing of a sample of multi-apartment buildings in clusters 1 and 2, the dependence of the maximum specific power on the number of apartments in a residential building has been determined with a trend line that clearly illustrates the trend in the studied dependence.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42497167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-334-344
A. Vlasov, S. Buev, V. V. Kucherenko, V. I. Urvantsev
The technical equipment of modern trolleybuses (increased power of traction motors, regenerative-rheostatic braking, anti-slip and anti-lock systems, an on-board computer for monitoring and controlling the operation of the traction drive, GLONASS satellite systems, Internet access) increases the requirements for the quality of electrical energy and the electromagnetic compatibility of the installed equipment. In the course of the study, the electrical performance of the trolleybus traction asynchronous motor (voltage, current, voltage sinusoidal shape, total coefficient of harmonic voltage components) has been analyzed. Due to difficulties in the supply of foreign electrical equipment, primarily power electronics elements used to control the operation of the traction motor, there is an increasing need to improve measures for the maintenance of trolleybuses to increase the reliability and uptime of the equipment. The advantages of using the methods of quantitative thermography, analysis of the quality of electrical energy and control of the hardness of cable insulation have been experimentally established. With the help of an analyzer of electric energy quality, measurements of the quantitative indicators of the operation of the electric motor have been carried out; the thermal imager has been used to assess the thermal state of contact connections and cable routes. The use of new diagnostic methods is of particular relevance in the course of continuous long-term operation of electric transport in the Far North.
{"title":"Analysis of the traction motor electrical parameters of the trolleybus","authors":"A. Vlasov, S. Buev, V. V. Kucherenko, V. I. Urvantsev","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-334-344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-334-344","url":null,"abstract":"The technical equipment of modern trolleybuses (increased power of traction motors, regenerative-rheostatic braking, anti-slip and anti-lock systems, an on-board computer for monitoring and controlling the operation of the traction drive, GLONASS satellite systems, Internet access) increases the requirements for the quality of electrical energy and the electromagnetic compatibility of the installed equipment. In the course of the study, the electrical performance of the trolleybus traction asynchronous motor (voltage, current, voltage sinusoidal shape, total coefficient of harmonic voltage components) has been analyzed. Due to difficulties in the supply of foreign electrical equipment, primarily power electronics elements used to control the operation of the traction motor, there is an increasing need to improve measures for the maintenance of trolleybuses to increase the reliability and uptime of the equipment. The advantages of using the methods of quantitative thermography, analysis of the quality of electrical energy and control of the hardness of cable insulation have been experimentally established. With the help of an analyzer of electric energy quality, measurements of the quantitative indicators of the operation of the electric motor have been carried out; the thermal imager has been used to assess the thermal state of contact connections and cable routes. The use of new diagnostic methods is of particular relevance in the course of continuous long-term operation of electric transport in the Far North.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48846455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-324-333
A. Vinogradov, A. Lansberg, A. Vinogradova
The assessment of the technical and operational characteristics of overhead transmission lines of voltage classes 35-110 kV in the Oryol Region has been carried out in accordance with the methodology presented in the order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated July 26, 2017 No. 676; their service life was determined according to STO 56947007-29.240.01.053-2010. The analysis of the length of overhead lines and the types of conductors used has taken place using support-by-support schemes. In the construction of 35 kV lines, steel-aluminum wire (sectional area - 70 mm) is mainly used, the length of which is 1,358,456 km, and 110 kV overhead lines are made using an AS-120 conductor (1,094 km). Overhead transmission lines are characterized by high indicators of technical condition, since 40 % of lines of voltage class 35 kV and 53 % of lines of voltage class 110 kV are in very good technical condition with a wear rate of no more than 15 %. The study has found that 71 % of overhead lines with a voltage of 35 kV and 85 % of lines with a voltage of 110 kV have been in operation for more than 35 years; at the same time, due to the implementation of a timely strategy for maintenance and repair, the lines are characterized by high indicators of technical condition.
{"title":"Analysis of the technical condition and service life of 35-110 kV overhead power transmission lines in the Oryol Region","authors":"A. Vinogradov, A. Lansberg, A. Vinogradova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-324-333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-324-333","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the technical and operational characteristics of overhead transmission lines of voltage classes 35-110 kV in the Oryol Region has been carried out in accordance with the methodology presented in the order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated July 26, 2017 No. 676; their service life was determined according to STO 56947007-29.240.01.053-2010. The analysis of the length of overhead lines and the types of conductors used has taken place using support-by-support schemes. In the construction of 35 kV lines, steel-aluminum wire (sectional area - 70 mm) is mainly used, the length of which is 1,358,456 km, and 110 kV overhead lines are made using an AS-120 conductor (1,094 km). Overhead transmission lines are characterized by high indicators of technical condition, since 40 % of lines of voltage class 35 kV and 53 % of lines of voltage class 110 kV are in very good technical condition with a wear rate of no more than 15 %. The study has found that 71 % of overhead lines with a voltage of 35 kV and 85 % of lines with a voltage of 110 kV have been in operation for more than 35 years; at the same time, due to the implementation of a timely strategy for maintenance and repair, the lines are characterized by high indicators of technical condition.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48885741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-298-304
A. Kaychenov, S. Lukin, A. Yarotskaya
The Arctic is a strategically important region for Russia. In the process of searching for new solutions for the rapid construction of energy-efficient and safe buildings in the Arctic, it is necessary to develop systems for monitoring and maintaining indoor microclimate, ensuring optimal use of resources and implementing building management systems. Continuous automatic monitoring will help to increase comfort and safety in the room, as well as to reduce energy costs. The possibility of remote data transmission will allow you quickly respond to emergency situations and take actions to prevent the development of accidents. Employees and students of the Department of Automation and Computer Engineering of the Murmansk State Technical University have carried out the development and testing of a software and hardware complex based on a model object on the University territory. At the first stage, a group of researchers has developed a system for automated monitoring of microclimate parameters and an automated system for electric energy metering. The paper presents a detailed description of the functionality of the developed hardware and software modules; it describes the concept of an automated building management system, which is currently the next stage in the development of the system.
{"title":"Development of a system for automated monitoring of microclimate parameters and an automated system for monitoring and accounting for electricity of a model facility","authors":"A. Kaychenov, S. Lukin, A. Yarotskaya","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-298-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-4-298-304","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic is a strategically important region for Russia. In the process of searching for new solutions for the rapid construction of energy-efficient and safe buildings in the Arctic, it is necessary to develop systems for monitoring and maintaining indoor microclimate, ensuring optimal use of resources and implementing building management systems. Continuous automatic monitoring will help to increase comfort and safety in the room, as well as to reduce energy costs. The possibility of remote data transmission will allow you quickly respond to emergency situations and take actions to prevent the development of accidents. Employees and students of the Department of Automation and Computer Engineering of the Murmansk State Technical University have carried out the development and testing of a software and hardware complex based on a model object on the University territory. At the first stage, a group of researchers has developed a system for automated monitoring of microclimate parameters and an automated system for electric energy metering. The paper presents a detailed description of the functionality of the developed hardware and software modules; it describes the concept of an automated building management system, which is currently the next stage in the development of the system.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41580389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-168-182
N. Kolberg, N. Moskovenko, S. Tikhonov, N. Tikhonova
The goal of studying the mechanisms of action of cells that structure the immune system is to obtain additional data about the influence of immunomodulating peptides of natural origin on the possibility of regulating immune processes. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of lymphoid tissue of broiler chickens (EHLTBC) on the viability of culture of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, on the morphological characteristics and functional activity of macrophages has been studied. The effect of EHLTBC on the viability of culture of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages has been investigated. Morphometric characteristics of macrophages under the influence of EHLTBC have been given. The functional activity of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages has been assessed against the background of the introduction of EHLTBC. Enzymatic hydrolysate of lymphoid tissue of broiler chickens at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 % does not have a toxic effect on the culture of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. EHLTBC enhances the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, which enhances their role in the chemotaxis and immune response. The stimulating effect of EHLTBC of poultry on the ability of macrophages to adhere has been revealed.
{"title":"The effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of lymphoid tissue of broiler chickens on the morphofunctional state of macrophages","authors":"N. Kolberg, N. Moskovenko, S. Tikhonov, N. Tikhonova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-168-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-168-182","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of studying the mechanisms of action of cells that structure the immune system is to obtain additional data about the influence of immunomodulating peptides of natural origin on the possibility of regulating immune processes. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of lymphoid tissue of broiler chickens (EHLTBC) on the viability of culture of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, on the morphological characteristics and functional activity of macrophages has been studied. The effect of EHLTBC on the viability of culture of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages has been investigated. Morphometric characteristics of macrophages under the influence of EHLTBC have been given. The functional activity of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages has been assessed against the background of the introduction of EHLTBC. Enzymatic hydrolysate of lymphoid tissue of broiler chickens at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 % does not have a toxic effect on the culture of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. EHLTBC enhances the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, which enhances their role in the chemotaxis and immune response. The stimulating effect of EHLTBC of poultry on the ability of macrophages to adhere has been revealed.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45913489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-231-238
G. E. Rysmukhambetova, Yulia V. Ushakova, K. E. Beloglazova, S. Y. Kozhushko, L. Karpunina
The production of yoghurts and yoghurt drinks is one of the fastest growing segments of the dairy industry. The range of this type of dairy products is constantly updated. In the course of the experiments, the use of functional bamboo and apple fibers in the amount of 0.1-1.5 % in the formulation of yogurts made by the thermostatic method based on cow's milk has been studied. According to organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters, yogurt has been selected with the addition of bamboo fibers at a concentration of 0.3 %. In a sample of this yogurt, compared with the control sample (cow's milk without fibers), the mass fraction of sugar is slightly higher (by 0.1 %), the mass fraction of solids does not differ from the control, and the acidity is 2.5 % less. The amount of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus in the sample with the addition of bamboo fibers at a concentration of 0.3 % is less than in the control, but is within the normal range for this product. In the course of determining the nutritional and energy value, slight changes in the main nutrients in the experimental yogurt sample have been noted in comparison with the initial raw material and control, which caused a slight decrease in calorie content (by 7.49 and 3.61 %, respectively). The high nutritional value of the developed yogurt allows it to be positioned as a functional product. Economic calculations have shown the feasibility of introducing this development into the food industry.
{"title":"Effect of dietary fiber on yoghurt quality","authors":"G. E. Rysmukhambetova, Yulia V. Ushakova, K. E. Beloglazova, S. Y. Kozhushko, L. Karpunina","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-231-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-231-238","url":null,"abstract":"The production of yoghurts and yoghurt drinks is one of the fastest growing segments of the dairy industry. The range of this type of dairy products is constantly updated. In the course of the experiments, the use of functional bamboo and apple fibers in the amount of 0.1-1.5 % in the formulation of yogurts made by the thermostatic method based on cow's milk has been studied. According to organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters, yogurt has been selected with the addition of bamboo fibers at a concentration of 0.3 %. In a sample of this yogurt, compared with the control sample (cow's milk without fibers), the mass fraction of sugar is slightly higher (by 0.1 %), the mass fraction of solids does not differ from the control, and the acidity is 2.5 % less. The amount of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus in the sample with the addition of bamboo fibers at a concentration of 0.3 % is less than in the control, but is within the normal range for this product. In the course of determining the nutritional and energy value, slight changes in the main nutrients in the experimental yogurt sample have been noted in comparison with the initial raw material and control, which caused a slight decrease in calorie content (by 7.49 and 3.61 %, respectively). The high nutritional value of the developed yogurt allows it to be positioned as a functional product. Economic calculations have shown the feasibility of introducing this development into the food industry.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-259-269
P. Vasilyev, K. Cherikova, A. Shagarova, L. S. Reva
The development of effective contact devices for heat and mass transfer apparatuses, which allow increasing the intensity of heat and mass transfer processes, reducing the size and cost of technological equipment, is an important practical task of the modern food industry. In this regard, the high efficiency of foam contact devices is noted, due to the developed specific surface and low hydraulic resistance. In the course of the study, a general classification of these devices has been proposed; schematic diagrams of the constructions of foam packings and trays have been given, a brief comparative analysis of their application area has been carried out. The main stages of calculation of highly efficient heat and mass transfer apparatuses with cellular plastic contact devices, including the determination of the basic geometrical characteristics of cellular materials, packing height (plate thickness), number of packing sections (number of plates), hydraulic resistance of packed and plate apparatus, have been described in detail. An example of an engineering calculation of a distillation heat and mass transfer apparatus with packed and plate-shaped foam contact devices for the separation of a binary mixture "ethyl alcohol - water" has been considered. The results of the calculation are presented in tabular and graphical form and allow us to conclude that it is most expedient to use packed foam contact devices with smaller dimensions and hydraulic resistance.
{"title":"Calculation method for heat and mass transfer apparatuses with porous plastic contact devices","authors":"P. Vasilyev, K. Cherikova, A. Shagarova, L. S. Reva","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-259-269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-259-269","url":null,"abstract":"The development of effective contact devices for heat and mass transfer apparatuses, which allow increasing the intensity of heat and mass transfer processes, reducing the size and cost of technological equipment, is an important practical task of the modern food industry. In this regard, the high efficiency of foam contact devices is noted, due to the developed specific surface and low hydraulic resistance. In the course of the study, a general classification of these devices has been proposed; schematic diagrams of the constructions of foam packings and trays have been given, a brief comparative analysis of their application area has been carried out. The main stages of calculation of highly efficient heat and mass transfer apparatuses with cellular plastic contact devices, including the determination of the basic geometrical characteristics of cellular materials, packing height (plate thickness), number of packing sections (number of plates), hydraulic resistance of packed and plate apparatus, have been described in detail. An example of an engineering calculation of a distillation heat and mass transfer apparatus with packed and plate-shaped foam contact devices for the separation of a binary mixture \"ethyl alcohol - water\" has been considered. The results of the calculation are presented in tabular and graphical form and allow us to conclude that it is most expedient to use packed foam contact devices with smaller dimensions and hydraulic resistance.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-248-258
I. Cherepanov, E. S. Mukhdarova
The study of ascorbic acid transformation processes in aqueous - ethanolic systems is an important area of research in food chemistry, and therefore recently there has been an increased interest in studying the possibility of stabilizing ascorbic acid in the form of O -derivatives by the biologically active substances. The paper examines the behavior of ascorbic acid - D -glucose double systems in aqueous-ethanolic media of various compositions (96 % EtOH, 40 % EtOH) under thermal degradation conditions compared to systems without carbohydrate additives. It has been shown that in 40 % ethanol, degradation processes develop faster compared to reactions in 96 % ethanol; in dual systems, regardless of solvent composition, ascorbic acid reacts faster than carbohydrate-free systems. Based on electronic and vibrational spectroscopy data, the joint participation of ascorbic acid and monosaccharide in thermodestruction reactions has been established, which is accompanied by the sequential formation of dehydroascorbic acid derivatives. These derivatives are L -gulono-γ-lactones with different degrees of substitution, containing no endiol fragments of ascorbic acid, and as a result do not have antioxidant properties. As a result of the studies, the absence of ascorbic acid stabilization by D -glucose in the form of O -derivatives in the studied double systems is shown, which is probably due to the formation of thermodynamically stable of dehydroascorbic acid derivatives during the reactions, even in low-water systems. Further studies are planned in the direction of choosing the optimal conditions that allow isolating ascorbic acid derivatives (or molecular complexes) with reducing properties, which will make it possible to obtain products with antioxidant functionality.
{"title":"Study of D-glucose influence on L-ascorbic acid destruction in aqueous-ethanolic media","authors":"I. Cherepanov, E. S. Mukhdarova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-248-258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-248-258","url":null,"abstract":"The study of ascorbic acid transformation processes in aqueous - ethanolic systems is an important area of research in food chemistry, and therefore recently there has been an increased interest in studying the possibility of stabilizing ascorbic acid in the form of O -derivatives by the biologically active substances. The paper examines the behavior of ascorbic acid - D -glucose double systems in aqueous-ethanolic media of various compositions (96 % EtOH, 40 % EtOH) under thermal degradation conditions compared to systems without carbohydrate additives. It has been shown that in 40 % ethanol, degradation processes develop faster compared to reactions in 96 % ethanol; in dual systems, regardless of solvent composition, ascorbic acid reacts faster than carbohydrate-free systems. Based on electronic and vibrational spectroscopy data, the joint participation of ascorbic acid and monosaccharide in thermodestruction reactions has been established, which is accompanied by the sequential formation of dehydroascorbic acid derivatives. These derivatives are L -gulono-γ-lactones with different degrees of substitution, containing no endiol fragments of ascorbic acid, and as a result do not have antioxidant properties. As a result of the studies, the absence of ascorbic acid stabilization by D -glucose in the form of O -derivatives in the studied double systems is shown, which is probably due to the formation of thermodynamically stable of dehydroascorbic acid derivatives during the reactions, even in low-water systems. Further studies are planned in the direction of choosing the optimal conditions that allow isolating ascorbic acid derivatives (or molecular complexes) with reducing properties, which will make it possible to obtain products with antioxidant functionality.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44057603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-239-247
I. Simakova, V. Strizhevskaya, N. P. Nosacheva, N. Bolotova, M. V. Larina, O. V. Romanova
Priority directions in developing biomedicine and nutrition are aimed at improving nutrition through the creation of combined food products with the optimal content of essential substances. Foods with a high concentration of nutrients and low moisture content should act as nutritional support in preventive medicine. In the process of research, technological solutions have been developed that preserve the native potential of vegetables and fruits, providing the maximum concentration of substances to create nutritional support for the human body in various conditions. The safety of food components labile in the technological process (chlorophyll, quercetin flavonol and the total amount of phenolic compounds) has been studied on the example of vegetable biscuits (in the initial raw material composition and in the finished product). The studies have been carried out by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 chromatograph (Thermo Scientific, USA). The selected dehydration method meets the requirements for the preservation of biologically active substances and allows one to control the rate of dehydration, minimize the loss of active components and ensure the invariance of the native properties of the raw material (preservation of the structure of the cell membrane inherent in the organoleptic characteristics of the raw material), structural and mechanical characteristics of the product acceptable to the consumer.
{"title":"Development of technological solutions for creating nutritional support for the body","authors":"I. Simakova, V. Strizhevskaya, N. P. Nosacheva, N. Bolotova, M. V. Larina, O. V. Romanova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-239-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-239-247","url":null,"abstract":"Priority directions in developing biomedicine and nutrition are aimed at improving nutrition through the creation of combined food products with the optimal content of essential substances. Foods with a high concentration of nutrients and low moisture content should act as nutritional support in preventive medicine. In the process of research, technological solutions have been developed that preserve the native potential of vegetables and fruits, providing the maximum concentration of substances to create nutritional support for the human body in various conditions. The safety of food components labile in the technological process (chlorophyll, quercetin flavonol and the total amount of phenolic compounds) has been studied on the example of vegetable biscuits (in the initial raw material composition and in the finished product). The studies have been carried out by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 chromatograph (Thermo Scientific, USA). The selected dehydration method meets the requirements for the preservation of biologically active substances and allows one to control the rate of dehydration, minimize the loss of active components and ensure the invariance of the native properties of the raw material (preservation of the structure of the cell membrane inherent in the organoleptic characteristics of the raw material), structural and mechanical characteristics of the product acceptable to the consumer.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46710680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-207-218
S. Tikhonov, N. Tikhonova, N. Kolberg, A. S. Ozhgikhina, S. V. Shikhalev
Peptides have high biological activity and are used in the composition of medicines. Peptides are not widely used in food technology as they are sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and are characterized by rapid decomposition reducing their effectiveness. Colostrum of cows is a promising source of peptides with different functional orientations. One of the ways contributing to the expansion of using peptides when administered orally is their microcapsulation. The aim of the research is to develop a technology and method for microcapsulating peptides extracted from cow colostrum after calving and to assess their subchronic toxicity. The development of an installation for microencapsulation of peptides was carried out taking into account the diameter of the wide part of the cone of the working chamber and the speed of soaring of small particles of peptide conglomerates. For the experiment on the comparative assessment of the subchronic toxicity of encapsulated and free peptides, 4 groups of nonlinear mice were formed, 10 in each. Group 1 of mice was a control, group 2 (experimental) received an extract of the fabricium bag of broiler chickens containing peptides of various molecular weights at a dose of 15,000 mg/kg, group 3 - free peptides extracted from cow colostrum serum in an amount of 1,500 mg/kg, group 4 - encapsulated peptides in an amount of 15,000 mg/kg. Hematological blood analysis was performed using the analyzer PCE-90Vet. The mice were weighed on the 7th, 9th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of the experiment. Biochemical analysis of animal blood sera was carried out using the analyzer StatFax 3300. During the study, it has been found that the treatment of peptides with maltodextrin solution for 1.0-1.5 minutes forms a protective coating with a thickness of more than 2 microns. The diameters of the wide and narrow parts of the cone of the device and the velocity of the gushing streams for the smallest and largest particles of the peptide conglomerate have been calculated. The absence of toxicity of microcapsulated peptides has been proven.
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