Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-219-230
V. Bogdanov, A. Simdyankin, A. Pankina, V. D. Mostovoy
The search for new effective structure-forming agents of natural origin in order to improve the technology of fish molded products is an urgent scientific and industrial problem. In the course of the study, to obtain minced fish systems, frozen pollock and pink salmon have been used that meet the technical requirements of the current regulatory documentation. Mixtures of cryoconcentrates from seafood, rice and wheat flour, and the enzyme transglutaminase are used as structure-regulating additives. Cryoconcentrates have been made from cucumaria, squid, Pacific herring milt, octopus skin, seaweed, and scallop mantle. The introduction of dry powdered cryoconcentrates of seafood, containing a significant amount of protein substances, has contributed to the binding of water and an increase in the water-retaining capacity of minced pink salmon and pollock. Based on the results of studying the physical, chemical, rheological and organoleptic properties of dispersed minced fish systems, rational amounts of structure-regulating additives have been established: seafood cryoconcentrates - 4.0-5.0 %; transglutaminase - 0.5 %; rice flour - 2.0 %; wheat flour - 1.0-2.0 %. Molded fish products (cutlets, sausages) containing structure-regulating additives had high organoleptic properties after heat treatment. The results of the research should be used in the development of formulations of fish dispersed compositions in the technologies of molded, emulsion and structured products. The established high water-binding capacity of seafood cryoconcentrates justifies the need to study them as natural cryoprotectors in refrigeration technologies.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of structure-regulating additives on the properties of minced fish systems","authors":"V. Bogdanov, A. Simdyankin, A. Pankina, V. D. Mostovoy","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-219-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-219-230","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new effective structure-forming agents of natural origin in order to improve the technology of fish molded products is an urgent scientific and industrial problem. In the course of the study, to obtain minced fish systems, frozen pollock and pink salmon have been used that meet the technical requirements of the current regulatory documentation. Mixtures of cryoconcentrates from seafood, rice and wheat flour, and the enzyme transglutaminase are used as structure-regulating additives. Cryoconcentrates have been made from cucumaria, squid, Pacific herring milt, octopus skin, seaweed, and scallop mantle. The introduction of dry powdered cryoconcentrates of seafood, containing a significant amount of protein substances, has contributed to the binding of water and an increase in the water-retaining capacity of minced pink salmon and pollock. Based on the results of studying the physical, chemical, rheological and organoleptic properties of dispersed minced fish systems, rational amounts of structure-regulating additives have been established: seafood cryoconcentrates - 4.0-5.0 %; transglutaminase - 0.5 %; rice flour - 2.0 %; wheat flour - 1.0-2.0 %. Molded fish products (cutlets, sausages) containing structure-regulating additives had high organoleptic properties after heat treatment. The results of the research should be used in the development of formulations of fish dispersed compositions in the technologies of molded, emulsion and structured products. The established high water-binding capacity of seafood cryoconcentrates justifies the need to study them as natural cryoprotectors in refrigeration technologies.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-153-167
D. Vokurova, T. Nikiforova
The creation of biosorbents based on modified flax fiber is aimed at solving the problem of water pollution from heavy metal ions. A method for obtaining a sorbent on the basis of linen fiber including sequential treatment of polysaccharide material with sodium metaperiodate and sodium bisulfite has been developed. Modification conditions for obtaining an effective sorbent have been selected. Equilibrium and kinetics of copper ions sorption with the use of native and modified linen fiber in comparison with Lewatit S100 cationic exchange resin have been studied. It is established that the time of achieving sorption equilibrium in the heterophase system 'aqueous solution of copper sulfate - a modified sorbent' is reduced by 1.5-2 times while the degree of extraction of copper ions is increased by about 1.5 times as compared to the initial fiber. The influence of solution pH on the sorption of copper ions by native flax fiber has been studied. It has been found that in the pH range of the medium 1-7, along with the sorption of Cu ions, the sorption of H ions is observed, which indicates a competitive mechanism of sorption of heavy metal cations and protons with the participation of the cellulose-containing sorbent. Experimental isotherms of copper ions sorption have been processed in linear coordinates of Langmuir's equation that made it possible to determine the values of maximum sorption capacity of sorbents under study which increase in a series: native flax fiber (0.86 mol/kg) < flax fiber, oxidized and treated with sodium bisulfite (1.69 mol/kg) < Lewatit S100 cationite (1.89 mol/kg). Data from infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis indicate the appearance of new sorption-active groups in the sorbent structure. The sorbent has been tested for purification of aqueous solutions and beverages from heavy metal ions under laboratory conditions. Peculiarities of the sorption of copper (II) ions from juice and white wine have been revealed. It has been found that the obtained modified sorbent on the basis of flax fiber in the purification of beverages is not inferior to the industrial cationic exchange resins in its sorption properties.
{"title":"Influence of cellulose-containing sorbent preparation method based on linen fiber on its functional properties","authors":"D. Vokurova, T. Nikiforova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-153-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-153-167","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of biosorbents based on modified flax fiber is aimed at solving the problem of water pollution from heavy metal ions. A method for obtaining a sorbent on the basis of linen fiber including sequential treatment of polysaccharide material with sodium metaperiodate and sodium bisulfite has been developed. Modification conditions for obtaining an effective sorbent have been selected. Equilibrium and kinetics of copper ions sorption with the use of native and modified linen fiber in comparison with Lewatit S100 cationic exchange resin have been studied. It is established that the time of achieving sorption equilibrium in the heterophase system 'aqueous solution of copper sulfate - a modified sorbent' is reduced by 1.5-2 times while the degree of extraction of copper ions is increased by about 1.5 times as compared to the initial fiber. The influence of solution pH on the sorption of copper ions by native flax fiber has been studied. It has been found that in the pH range of the medium 1-7, along with the sorption of Cu ions, the sorption of H ions is observed, which indicates a competitive mechanism of sorption of heavy metal cations and protons with the participation of the cellulose-containing sorbent. Experimental isotherms of copper ions sorption have been processed in linear coordinates of Langmuir's equation that made it possible to determine the values of maximum sorption capacity of sorbents under study which increase in a series: native flax fiber (0.86 mol/kg) < flax fiber, oxidized and treated with sodium bisulfite (1.69 mol/kg) < Lewatit S100 cationite (1.89 mol/kg). Data from infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis indicate the appearance of new sorption-active groups in the sorbent structure. The sorbent has been tested for purification of aqueous solutions and beverages from heavy metal ions under laboratory conditions. Peculiarities of the sorption of copper (II) ions from juice and white wine have been revealed. It has been found that the obtained modified sorbent on the basis of flax fiber in the purification of beverages is not inferior to the industrial cationic exchange resins in its sorption properties.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-270-284
S. Bakanev, V. B. Matyshkin, A. M. Sennikov, A. V. Stesko
Hydrobionts have a high nutritional value and are the most important component of the food supply for the population of Russia. In the course of the study, the characteristics of the stocks and fisheries of the king crab, opilio snow crab, northern shrimp, Icelandic scallop, sea green urchin and other commercial invertebrates in 2000-2020 are presented. The raw material base of the fishery of the king crab and snow crab is used in full; the indices of their commercial biomass are 215 and 430 thousand tons, respectively; development of TAC - more than 90 %. While maintaining the current management strategy, their commercial stocks will be at a stable level or increase. The commercial stock of the northern shrimp in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters is in a satisfactory condition (at the end of 2020 it was estimated at 2.2 million tons); the distribution density of shrimp in the Russian EEZ has halved. The resource base of the Icelandic scallop fishery in the Barents Sea is not exploited due to the depressive state of the stock: the median of commercial biomass is at the level of 200 thousand tons, which is below the boundary biomass target (224 thousand tons). The growth in the catch of the sea urchin is due to the increased interest of fishers in this object. The annual catch of the sea urchin does not exceed 10 % of the recommended one, fishing efforts are unevenly distributed over different parts of the Murman coast. Cucumaria, mussel, trumpeter, shrimp bear cub, clema, euphausiids are caught in small quantities and remain in the category of underutilized fishery objects.
{"title":"Assessment and fishery of shellfish stocks in the Barents and White Seas in 2000-2020","authors":"S. Bakanev, V. B. Matyshkin, A. M. Sennikov, A. V. Stesko","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-270-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-270-284","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrobionts have a high nutritional value and are the most important component of the food supply for the population of Russia. In the course of the study, the characteristics of the stocks and fisheries of the king crab, opilio snow crab, northern shrimp, Icelandic scallop, sea green urchin and other commercial invertebrates in 2000-2020 are presented. The raw material base of the fishery of the king crab and snow crab is used in full; the indices of their commercial biomass are 215 and 430 thousand tons, respectively; development of TAC - more than 90 %. While maintaining the current management strategy, their commercial stocks will be at a stable level or increase. The commercial stock of the northern shrimp in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters is in a satisfactory condition (at the end of 2020 it was estimated at 2.2 million tons); the distribution density of shrimp in the Russian EEZ has halved. The resource base of the Icelandic scallop fishery in the Barents Sea is not exploited due to the depressive state of the stock: the median of commercial biomass is at the level of 200 thousand tons, which is below the boundary biomass target (224 thousand tons). The growth in the catch of the sea urchin is due to the increased interest of fishers in this object. The annual catch of the sea urchin does not exceed 10 % of the recommended one, fishing efforts are unevenly distributed over different parts of the Murman coast. Cucumaria, mussel, trumpeter, shrimp bear cub, clema, euphausiids are caught in small quantities and remain in the category of underutilized fishery objects.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48345242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-183-196
E. V. Lukina, Yulia Shokina, P. V. Antonov, I-E. O. Levshina
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of delicacy fish products - salmon fillets of weak salt made using the food additive PRE-LACKS (LLC "Vash technologist", St. Petersburg, Russia) and curing by injection. For the first time, the influence of technological factors has been studied (the concentration of a food additive (in the range recommended by the manufacturer from 3 to 5 % with a step of 1 %), as well as the value of the hydromodulus (in the range from 5 to 20 % with a step of 5 %) characterizing the ratio of masses of the fillet introduced into the thickness when injecting brine and a salted fillet piece) on the formation of a complex indicator of the finished product quality. The developed scale for a comprehensive assessment of the quality (K) of lightly salted salmon fillet of injection salting is presented, including the main groups of indicators - organoleptic and rheological, nutritional value and physico-chemical. The scale includes weighting coefficients based on the results of experimental and sensory studies - both group and for each quality indicator taken into account. It has been shown that using the fuzzy logic method made it possible to obtain the values of the selected influencing factors optimized according to the criterion of achieving the maximum value of K (in the range from 0.9 to 1.0 conventional units, corresponding to the category "delicacy product") - the concentration of the food additive and the value of the hydromodulus - 4 and 15 %, respectively. The results of assessing the influence of selected technological factors on the yield of a semi-finished product immediately after salting by injection, on the yield of finished low-salted products (after ripening), on indicators characterizing the completeness of its maturation (buffering, the ratio of the mass fraction of non-protein nitrogen to the mass fraction of total nitrogen, total acidity, mass fraction of amine nitrogen) have been presented. Based on the results of the research, technological recommendations are formulated for salting salmon by injection using the PRE-LACKS food additive to increase the yield of finished products and improve its consumer properties.
{"title":"Analysis of complex changes in salmon salting by injection using the food additive PRE-LACKS","authors":"E. V. Lukina, Yulia Shokina, P. V. Antonov, I-E. O. Levshina","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-183-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-183-196","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of delicacy fish products - salmon fillets of weak salt made using the food additive PRE-LACKS (LLC \"Vash technologist\", St. Petersburg, Russia) and curing by injection. For the first time, the influence of technological factors has been studied (the concentration of a food additive (in the range recommended by the manufacturer from 3 to 5 % with a step of 1 %), as well as the value of the hydromodulus (in the range from 5 to 20 % with a step of 5 %) characterizing the ratio of masses of the fillet introduced into the thickness when injecting brine and a salted fillet piece) on the formation of a complex indicator of the finished product quality. The developed scale for a comprehensive assessment of the quality (K) of lightly salted salmon fillet of injection salting is presented, including the main groups of indicators - organoleptic and rheological, nutritional value and physico-chemical. The scale includes weighting coefficients based on the results of experimental and sensory studies - both group and for each quality indicator taken into account. It has been shown that using the fuzzy logic method made it possible to obtain the values of the selected influencing factors optimized according to the criterion of achieving the maximum value of K (in the range from 0.9 to 1.0 conventional units, corresponding to the category \"delicacy product\") - the concentration of the food additive and the value of the hydromodulus - 4 and 15 %, respectively. The results of assessing the influence of selected technological factors on the yield of a semi-finished product immediately after salting by injection, on the yield of finished low-salted products (after ripening), on indicators characterizing the completeness of its maturation (buffering, the ratio of the mass fraction of non-protein nitrogen to the mass fraction of total nitrogen, total acidity, mass fraction of amine nitrogen) have been presented. Based on the results of the research, technological recommendations are formulated for salting salmon by injection using the PRE-LACKS food additive to increase the yield of finished products and improve its consumer properties.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41837143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-197-206
V. Poznyakovsky, M. Zakharenko, A. Avstrievskikh, E. N. Zinov'eva
The intestinal microflora of the human body performs vital regulatory functions. In the course of the study, a biotechnological complex has been developed in the form of dietary supplements, the functional properties of which are aimed at regulating the intestinal biocenosis, inhibiting pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora, as well as developing a useful part of the microbiota. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the specialized product includes, mg/5.5 g, floration (soluble dietary fiber) - 1,375 (1,238); metafiltrates Bifidobacterium bifidum - 620, Bifidobacterium breve - 600, Lactobacillus delbrueckii - 500, Hericium coralloides - 242.5, Propionibacterium freudenreichii - 100; lactulose (50 %) - 400; postbiotic metafiltrate Subtizym - 200; silicon dioxide - 30; endofulvin (Endofulvin, humic acids) - 9.62 (7.5); chitosan - 5; para-aminobenzoic acid - 2; nicotinamide (vitamin B) - 1.81 (1.8); cysteine - 1.25; calcium pantothenate (vitamin B) - 0.654 (0.6); riboflavin (vitamin B) - 0.16. An innovative feature of the production technology is a liquid concentrated form of dietary supplements, which ensures rapid passage through the stomach, the preservation of active principles and the effectiveness of the implementation of specified functional properties. The organoleptic, microbiological and physicochemical indicators of quality and safety have been studied, the results of which make it possible to determine the regulated characteristics and shelf life - 1 year at the temperature of 0-25 °C, relative humidity of not more than 60 %. The developed complex is recommended for use in the amount of 5.5 g of concentrate 3 times a day; course duration - 1 month. The product has passed production tests at ArtLife LLC (Tomsk).
{"title":"Specialized product in the form of a biotechnological complex of bacterial metafiltrates for selective sorption of endotoxins and metabolic correction of intestinal microflora","authors":"V. Poznyakovsky, M. Zakharenko, A. Avstrievskikh, E. N. Zinov'eva","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-197-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-3-197-206","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal microflora of the human body performs vital regulatory functions. In the course of the study, a biotechnological complex has been developed in the form of dietary supplements, the functional properties of which are aimed at regulating the intestinal biocenosis, inhibiting pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora, as well as developing a useful part of the microbiota. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the specialized product includes, mg/5.5 g, floration (soluble dietary fiber) - 1,375 (1,238); metafiltrates Bifidobacterium bifidum - 620, Bifidobacterium breve - 600, Lactobacillus delbrueckii - 500, Hericium coralloides - 242.5, Propionibacterium freudenreichii - 100; lactulose (50 %) - 400; postbiotic metafiltrate Subtizym - 200; silicon dioxide - 30; endofulvin (Endofulvin, humic acids) - 9.62 (7.5); chitosan - 5; para-aminobenzoic acid - 2; nicotinamide (vitamin B) - 1.81 (1.8); cysteine - 1.25; calcium pantothenate (vitamin B) - 0.654 (0.6); riboflavin (vitamin B) - 0.16. An innovative feature of the production technology is a liquid concentrated form of dietary supplements, which ensures rapid passage through the stomach, the preservation of active principles and the effectiveness of the implementation of specified functional properties. The organoleptic, microbiological and physicochemical indicators of quality and safety have been studied, the results of which make it possible to determine the regulated characteristics and shelf life - 1 year at the temperature of 0-25 °C, relative humidity of not more than 60 %. The developed complex is recommended for use in the amount of 5.5 g of concentrate 3 times a day; course duration - 1 month. The product has passed production tests at ArtLife LLC (Tomsk).","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48655580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-91-100
O. N. Antosyuk, D. V. Unzhakova, N. Marvin
The study of the realization of hereditary variability on the background of already existing mutant alleles of certain genes is an important part of biomedical and population investigations, including human diseases. The change in viability parameters in individuals of the wild type Belgorod and in the mutant strain of vestigial Drosophila melanogaster over the course of breeding has been researched. The changes in viability parameters during breeding have been recorded in hybrid individuals heterozygous for vestigial, namely, changes in fertility and embryonic lethality of offspring in hybrid individuals Belgorod × vestigial during direct selection, the presence of regulated cell death in the wing imaginal disc in individuals of the Belgorod and vestigial strains, and in hybrid individuals at the initial stage of breeding and after 30 generations of selection. The wing shape changes in interlinear hybrid individuals at different stages of breeding in relation to wild-type individuals Belgorod have been studied. The research methods are the following: selection, study of the frequency of death of offspring at the embryonic stage of development, fertility study, morphometric analysis of the wing, determination of the presence and location of regulated cell death in the wing imaginal disk, statistical analysis. The marker parameters of the wing sensitive to the presence of the mutant allele vg in the genotype, not associated with change in the intensity of regulated cell death in the wing imaginal disc have been revealed.
{"title":"The changes in the viability parameters of hybrid individuals heterozygous for vestigial Drosophila melanogaster during long-term directional breeding","authors":"O. N. Antosyuk, D. V. Unzhakova, N. Marvin","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-91-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-91-100","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the realization of hereditary variability on the background of already existing mutant alleles of certain genes is an important part of biomedical and population investigations, including human diseases. The change in viability parameters in individuals of the wild type Belgorod and in the mutant strain of vestigial Drosophila melanogaster over the course of breeding has been researched. The changes in viability parameters during breeding have been recorded in hybrid individuals heterozygous for vestigial, namely, changes in fertility and embryonic lethality of offspring in hybrid individuals Belgorod × vestigial during direct selection, the presence of regulated cell death in the wing imaginal disc in individuals of the Belgorod and vestigial strains, and in hybrid individuals at the initial stage of breeding and after 30 generations of selection. The wing shape changes in interlinear hybrid individuals at different stages of breeding in relation to wild-type individuals Belgorod have been studied. The research methods are the following: selection, study of the frequency of death of offspring at the embryonic stage of development, fertility study, morphometric analysis of the wing, determination of the presence and location of regulated cell death in the wing imaginal disk, statistical analysis. The marker parameters of the wing sensitive to the presence of the mutant allele vg in the genotype, not associated with change in the intensity of regulated cell death in the wing imaginal disc have been revealed.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49573111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-125-132
S. Potapov, N. V. Parshina, V. Myazin, G. Evdokimova, D. Makarov, A. Goryachev
The development of the housing and communal complex is focused on ensuring guaranteed access of the Russian population to high-quality drinking water. Due to the deterioration of drinking water quality, the mineral composition of sediments in the heating and hot water supply systems of the towns of Apatity and Kirovsk (the Murmansk region) has been studied. It has been established that sediments in the heating system mainly consist of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides: magnetite, goethite and lepidocrocite. All these mineral phases are products of active oxidation (corrosion) of steel pipes and heating system equipment. No mineral phases of ferrous forms of iron have been found in the sediment, which indicates sharply oxidizing environment in the heating system. The presence of sulfur-containing mineral phases, namely, anhydrous calcium sulfate - anhydrite and elemental sulfur, has been recorded in the heating system of the Apatity combined heat and power plant. Indirectly, the presence of such sulfur-containing phases may indicate the possible presence of microflora (bacteria) in the heat-transfer agent, in the metabolic processes of which sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds are involved.
{"title":"The mineral composition of sediments and the reasons for their formation in the heating and hot water supply systems of the towns of Apatity and Kirovsk (the Murmansk Region)","authors":"S. Potapov, N. V. Parshina, V. Myazin, G. Evdokimova, D. Makarov, A. Goryachev","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-125-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-125-132","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the housing and communal complex is focused on ensuring guaranteed access of the Russian population to high-quality drinking water. Due to the deterioration of drinking water quality, the mineral composition of sediments in the heating and hot water supply systems of the towns of Apatity and Kirovsk (the Murmansk region) has been studied. It has been established that sediments in the heating system mainly consist of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides: magnetite, goethite and lepidocrocite. All these mineral phases are products of active oxidation (corrosion) of steel pipes and heating system equipment. No mineral phases of ferrous forms of iron have been found in the sediment, which indicates sharply oxidizing environment in the heating system. The presence of sulfur-containing mineral phases, namely, anhydrous calcium sulfate - anhydrite and elemental sulfur, has been recorded in the heating system of the Apatity combined heat and power plant. Indirectly, the presence of such sulfur-containing phases may indicate the possible presence of microflora (bacteria) in the heat-transfer agent, in the metabolic processes of which sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds are involved.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44130616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-101-109
S. Dolotov, D. Kuzmin
Throughout the world, in recent decades, there has been a decrease in the abundance of Atlantic salmon, the main reason for which is a decrease in its survival rate during life at sea. Its value has a direct dependence on the length and, accordingly, the age of the smolts. Foreign researchers have found that the nature of long-term changes in the age structure of smolts can vary significantly by region. At the same time, the age of Atlantic salmon in Russian rivers, which account for a significant part of the area of the range of this species, was not considered. In this regard, the analysis of long-term data characterizing the age composition of salmon smolts of some rivers of the Murmansk region has been carried out. It has found been that in the first years of the period 2000-2018, the age structure of Atlantic salmon smolts was transformed in the rivers Yokanga, Kharlovka and Vostochnaya Litsa. As a result, fish at the age of 6 ceased to occur among them, the abundance of fish at the age of 5+ significantly decreased and the abundance of fish in the age groups of 3+ or 4+ significantly increased. The most likely reason for this is the change in the temperature regime of rivers since the mid-1990s, as a result of which the life time in the rivers of juvenile salmon has been reduced. Rejuvenation of the smolt population may have ambiguous consequences for the abundance of adult salmon, which are determined by the cumulative effect of reducing natural mortality at the stage from eggs to smolts, increasing their abundance and reducing their length, and reducing the survival rate during salmon life in the sea.
{"title":"Changes in the smoltification age of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) of the Yokanga, Kharlovka and Vostochnaya Litsa Rivers (the Murmansk Region)","authors":"S. Dolotov, D. Kuzmin","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-101-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-101-109","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the world, in recent decades, there has been a decrease in the abundance of Atlantic salmon, the main reason for which is a decrease in its survival rate during life at sea. Its value has a direct dependence on the length and, accordingly, the age of the smolts. Foreign researchers have found that the nature of long-term changes in the age structure of smolts can vary significantly by region. At the same time, the age of Atlantic salmon in Russian rivers, which account for a significant part of the area of the range of this species, was not considered. In this regard, the analysis of long-term data characterizing the age composition of salmon smolts of some rivers of the Murmansk region has been carried out. It has found been that in the first years of the period 2000-2018, the age structure of Atlantic salmon smolts was transformed in the rivers Yokanga, Kharlovka and Vostochnaya Litsa. As a result, fish at the age of 6 ceased to occur among them, the abundance of fish at the age of 5+ significantly decreased and the abundance of fish in the age groups of 3+ or 4+ significantly increased. The most likely reason for this is the change in the temperature regime of rivers since the mid-1990s, as a result of which the life time in the rivers of juvenile salmon has been reduced. Rejuvenation of the smolt population may have ambiguous consequences for the abundance of adult salmon, which are determined by the cumulative effect of reducing natural mortality at the stage from eggs to smolts, increasing their abundance and reducing their length, and reducing the survival rate during salmon life in the sea.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44241006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-120-124
T. Gerasimova, A. Sadchikov
Rotifers are common in fresh and brackish water bodies, in coastal areas of the seas, and can be an effective tool for analyzing the state of the environment. The ability of rotifers to adapt to unfavourable environmental conditions has been considered in the course of studying the species composition of rotifers in a fish pond near Moscow under the conditions of the supply of organic artificial food for fish and changes in the temperature regime of water. During the period of increased temperature of the water (21-25 °C) and decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen from the surface to the bottom layers of water from 3.8 to 0.2 mgO/L in early July, Asplanchna priodonta helvetica , Brachionus angularis angularis and Brachionus calyciflorus dominated in the pond (98-100 % of the abundance and 99-100 % of the biomass of rotifers). During the period of elevated temperatures, the turbidity indices in the upper layer (0.2-0.5 m) were an order of magnitude lower than those in the deeper layers of the reservoir. Bacteria and tiny particles served as food for rotifers. The temperature of 18-25 °C was favourable for the development of B. angularis angularis in the fish pond. At a temperature of 18 °C, its abundance reached 1,500 ind./L (70 % of the abundance of rotifers). In August, when the temperature of the water column decreased from 20 to 18 °C, the biomass of A. priodonta helvetica changed from 0.3 to 9.5 mg/L (99 % of the biomass of rotifers). Polyarthra vulgaris dominated among small rotifers. During the period of low temperatures, the biomass of rotifers increased to 20 mg/L; its basis was A. priodonta helvetica. Rotifers are able to adapt to conditions of high organic input in a wide range of temperatures and participate in the restoration of water quality in a fish pond.
{"title":"The role of rotifer in water quality improvement in a fishpond","authors":"T. Gerasimova, A. Sadchikov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-120-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-120-124","url":null,"abstract":"Rotifers are common in fresh and brackish water bodies, in coastal areas of the seas, and can be an effective tool for analyzing the state of the environment. The ability of rotifers to adapt to unfavourable environmental conditions has been considered in the course of studying the species composition of rotifers in a fish pond near Moscow under the conditions of the supply of organic artificial food for fish and changes in the temperature regime of water. During the period of increased temperature of the water (21-25 °C) and decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen from the surface to the bottom layers of water from 3.8 to 0.2 mgO/L in early July, Asplanchna priodonta helvetica , Brachionus angularis angularis and Brachionus calyciflorus dominated in the pond (98-100 % of the abundance and 99-100 % of the biomass of rotifers). During the period of elevated temperatures, the turbidity indices in the upper layer (0.2-0.5 m) were an order of magnitude lower than those in the deeper layers of the reservoir. Bacteria and tiny particles served as food for rotifers. The temperature of 18-25 °C was favourable for the development of B. angularis angularis in the fish pond. At a temperature of 18 °C, its abundance reached 1,500 ind./L (70 % of the abundance of rotifers). In August, when the temperature of the water column decreased from 20 to 18 °C, the biomass of A. priodonta helvetica changed from 0.3 to 9.5 mg/L (99 % of the biomass of rotifers). Polyarthra vulgaris dominated among small rotifers. During the period of low temperatures, the biomass of rotifers increased to 20 mg/L; its basis was A. priodonta helvetica. Rotifers are able to adapt to conditions of high organic input in a wide range of temperatures and participate in the restoration of water quality in a fish pond.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47964620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-79-90
D. Dikaeva
The northeast of the Barents Sea (the area between the Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya archipelagos) is one of the little-studied areas characterized by a complex structure of the hydrological regime, bottom relief and bottom sediment structure. This area is characterized by the predominance of brown soils with a large number of foraminifera shells, which affects the species composition and structure of benthic communities. The species composition and quantitative characteristics of polychaetes in the northeastern part of the Barents Sea were analyzed on the basis of material collected in December 2019 during Murmansk Marine Biological Iinstitution expeditions on the r/v Dalnie Zelentsy . Faunal complexes of polychaetes have been identified in the study area depending on environmental conditions (type of bottom sediments, depth, hydrological conditions). In the areas of marginal troughs, the detritophagus Spiochaetopterus typicus dominates in terms of biomass and abundance, forming abundant settlements on soft silty-sandy, silty-clay soils. Low values of biomass and abundance have been noted on brown silts with a large number of foraminifera, dominated by Laonice cirrata . On the slopes of underwater hills, washed more strongly by bottom currents, on rough sandy soils with low nutrient content, the dominance of Nephtys ciliata has been noted. The species Sphaerodoridium kolchaki sp. n. recently encountered in the Barents Sea has been noted in the study area as well. The obtained data complement information on the species composition of the northeastern part of the Barents Sea and make it possible to trace further changes in the composition and structure of benthic communities.
{"title":"Polychaeta fauna in the northeastern Barents Sea","authors":"D. Dikaeva","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-79-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2022-25-2-79-90","url":null,"abstract":"The northeast of the Barents Sea (the area between the Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya archipelagos) is one of the little-studied areas characterized by a complex structure of the hydrological regime, bottom relief and bottom sediment structure. This area is characterized by the predominance of brown soils with a large number of foraminifera shells, which affects the species composition and structure of benthic communities. The species composition and quantitative characteristics of polychaetes in the northeastern part of the Barents Sea were analyzed on the basis of material collected in December 2019 during Murmansk Marine Biological Iinstitution expeditions on the r/v Dalnie Zelentsy . Faunal complexes of polychaetes have been identified in the study area depending on environmental conditions (type of bottom sediments, depth, hydrological conditions). In the areas of marginal troughs, the detritophagus Spiochaetopterus typicus dominates in terms of biomass and abundance, forming abundant settlements on soft silty-sandy, silty-clay soils. Low values of biomass and abundance have been noted on brown silts with a large number of foraminifera, dominated by Laonice cirrata . On the slopes of underwater hills, washed more strongly by bottom currents, on rough sandy soils with low nutrient content, the dominance of Nephtys ciliata has been noted. The species Sphaerodoridium kolchaki sp. n. recently encountered in the Barents Sea has been noted in the study area as well. The obtained data complement information on the species composition of the northeastern part of the Barents Sea and make it possible to trace further changes in the composition and structure of benthic communities.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45034177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：