We have developed a new framework to represent circuit structures. A circuit is viewed as a sentence, and its elements as words. Circuit structures are defined by a logic grammar called DCSG (definite clause set grammars), developed for analyzing free word-order language. A set of grammar rules itself forms a logic program which implements top-down parsing. Using the grammar rules, given circuits are decomposed into a parse tree. The parse tree shows hierarchical structures of functional blocks composing the circuits.<>
{"title":"Circuit representation in a logic grammar","authors":"Takushi Tanaka, L. Jain","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403492","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a new framework to represent circuit structures. A circuit is viewed as a sentence, and its elements as words. Circuit structures are defined by a logic grammar called DCSG (definite clause set grammars), developed for analyzing free word-order language. A set of grammar rules itself forms a logic program which implements top-down parsing. Using the grammar rules, given circuits are decomposed into a parse tree. The parse tree shows hierarchical structures of functional blocks composing the circuits.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A controller for an agile, high-subsonic autonomous flight vehicle, incorporating neural network and genetic algorithm techniques, is presented. Simulated flight results for nominal and off-nominal vehicle configurations are reported. The results show that an inverse dynamic model neural network can offer better tracking performance and greater robustness than a conventional linear controller. However, the genetic algorithm technique employed here was found to offer no significant improvement in controller performance.<>
{"title":"Simulated flight control using a hybrid neural network/genetic algorithm architecture","authors":"A. Langley, S. A. Barton, A. Markov","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403478","url":null,"abstract":"A controller for an agile, high-subsonic autonomous flight vehicle, incorporating neural network and genetic algorithm techniques, is presented. Simulated flight results for nominal and off-nominal vehicle configurations are reported. The results show that an inverse dynamic model neural network can offer better tracking performance and greater robustness than a conventional linear controller. However, the genetic algorithm technique employed here was found to offer no significant improvement in controller performance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121620190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread demand for use of the limited radio spectrum lends to the design of high-speed modems which are spectrally efficient. This paper discusses the current work being undertaken on a DSP based modem supporting data rates ranging from 2 Mbit/sec up to 20 Mbit/sec.<>
{"title":"Development of a spectrally efficient, high speed modem for microwave terrestrial and satellite communications","authors":"A. Guidi, P. McIllree","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403507","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread demand for use of the limited radio spectrum lends to the design of high-speed modems which are spectrally efficient. This paper discusses the current work being undertaken on a DSP based modem supporting data rates ranging from 2 Mbit/sec up to 20 Mbit/sec.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115874446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the possibility of high performance computing for restricted classes of algorithms. An analysis of signal processing algorithms has identified a number of common operators which can be implemented efficiently with VLSI technology. The integration of these operators into conventional workstation environments provides the potential for orders of magnitude performance improvements for large numbers of algorithms which are used in linear transform and linear algebra applications. A small set of preferred operators is defined and their implementation is discussed. Simulation results are used to predict the expected performance gains for some of the operators when used in a number of typical algorithms.<>
{"title":"Efficient architectures for operators","authors":"W. Marwood","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403464","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the possibility of high performance computing for restricted classes of algorithms. An analysis of signal processing algorithms has identified a number of common operators which can be implemented efficiently with VLSI technology. The integration of these operators into conventional workstation environments provides the potential for orders of magnitude performance improvements for large numbers of algorithms which are used in linear transform and linear algebra applications. A small set of preferred operators is defined and their implementation is discussed. Simulation results are used to predict the expected performance gains for some of the operators when used in a number of typical algorithms.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129985567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new moving object area identification method is described in this article. The Radon transform is used to take projections along parallel directions from two consecutive frames in a monocular image sequence while the camera is stationary. The method consists of two stages: motion detection; and identification of moving object areas in rectangular regions. Moving object area identification using this method is insensitive to sudden or gradual overall illumination changes in the sequence. The method has the capability to be implemented in real time by using pipeline architecture.<>
{"title":"Moving object area identification using the Radon transform in image sequences","authors":"S. Seyedin","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403471","url":null,"abstract":"A new moving object area identification method is described in this article. The Radon transform is used to take projections along parallel directions from two consecutive frames in a monocular image sequence while the camera is stationary. The method consists of two stages: motion detection; and identification of moving object areas in rectangular regions. Moving object area identification using this method is insensitive to sudden or gradual overall illumination changes in the sequence. The method has the capability to be implemented in real time by using pipeline architecture.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132684125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An overview of some recent developments in optical correlator technology is presented. An experimental correlator is described along with experimental results on its ability to discriminate between similar targets. The significance of these developments for real time automatic target recognition (ATR) is addressed. A complete ATR system that incorporates an optical correlator, and which is currently under development, is described.<>
{"title":"Real-time automatic target recognition using an optical correlator","authors":"P. Miller, C. Woodruff","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403473","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of some recent developments in optical correlator technology is presented. An experimental correlator is described along with experimental results on its ability to discriminate between similar targets. The significance of these developments for real time automatic target recognition (ATR) is addressed. A complete ATR system that incorporates an optical correlator, and which is currently under development, is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer based process control systems have been used successfully for a number of years. However, these systems are often highly mathematical, are difficult to understand and implement, and are also inflexible. Fuzzy logic was developed in the early to mid 1960s by Lotfi Zadeh as an alternative to these complex traditional computer control schemes. Zadeh saw fuzzy logic as a way to achieve process control by allowing a computer to manipulate abstract concepts in a fashion that is akin to the way humans achieve process control. Fuzzy logic allowed computer programs to be developed that combined the computer's strength of crunching numbers rapidly with a human's strength for manipulating abstract linguistic concepts.<>
{"title":"Adaptive fuzzy control systems","authors":"C. L. Karr","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403494","url":null,"abstract":"Computer based process control systems have been used successfully for a number of years. However, these systems are often highly mathematical, are difficult to understand and implement, and are also inflexible. Fuzzy logic was developed in the early to mid 1960s by Lotfi Zadeh as an alternative to these complex traditional computer control schemes. Zadeh saw fuzzy logic as a way to achieve process control by allowing a computer to manipulate abstract concepts in a fashion that is akin to the way humans achieve process control. Fuzzy logic allowed computer programs to be developed that combined the computer's strength of crunching numbers rapidly with a human's strength for manipulating abstract linguistic concepts.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126009329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The last few years have seen a remarkable growth of information in digital form due to a combination of several technological factors that include the availability of high speed electronic networks and affordable yet powerful desktop computing. This coupled with advances in scientific and consumer imaging technology-digital radiography, digital still cameras, desktop scanners, video capture boards, has created an environment where a large fraction of digital information is being created and disseminated in visual form-graphics, images, and video. This trend towards information in visual form is not surprising considering that we use vision more than any other sense to acquire and communicate information.<>
{"title":"Image computing for visual information systems","authors":"I. Sethi","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403495","url":null,"abstract":"The last few years have seen a remarkable growth of information in digital form due to a combination of several technological factors that include the availability of high speed electronic networks and affordable yet powerful desktop computing. This coupled with advances in scientific and consumer imaging technology-digital radiography, digital still cameras, desktop scanners, video capture boards, has created an environment where a large fraction of digital information is being created and disseminated in visual form-graphics, images, and video. This trend towards information in visual form is not surprising considering that we use vision more than any other sense to acquire and communicate information.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128375597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report on the emerging field of microengineering. This novel technology involves the miniaturization of mechanics. Just as miniaturization of electronics has resulted in revolutionary advances, microengineering is poised to produce a revolution of its own. Furthermore, microengineering is based on the technology of microelectronics utilizing the same processes, equipment, and skills. It also requires further advances in specific areas. The aim of microengineering is to manufacture fully assembled electromechanical devices and systems at the micron scale to perform functions efficiently, conveniently, and not otherwise possible with their large-scale counterparts. With a suitable choice of materials, electronics can be integrated within, resulting in systems with decentralized intelligence. Microengineering holds a potential for impact in fields as diverse as automechanics, medicine, information storage and retrieval, fiberoptic communications, and unmanned space exploration.<>
{"title":"Micro engineering-a brief overview","authors":"M. Haskard, A. Hariz, A. Marriage","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403467","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the emerging field of microengineering. This novel technology involves the miniaturization of mechanics. Just as miniaturization of electronics has resulted in revolutionary advances, microengineering is poised to produce a revolution of its own. Furthermore, microengineering is based on the technology of microelectronics utilizing the same processes, equipment, and skills. It also requires further advances in specific areas. The aim of microengineering is to manufacture fully assembled electromechanical devices and systems at the micron scale to perform functions efficiently, conveniently, and not otherwise possible with their large-scale counterparts. With a suitable choice of materials, electronics can be integrated within, resulting in systems with decentralized intelligence. Microengineering holds a potential for impact in fields as diverse as automechanics, medicine, information storage and retrieval, fiberoptic communications, and unmanned space exploration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116126071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The knowledge based approach to synthetic aperture radar systems which is presented, considers how to utilise given equipment to perform the classification function, rather than providing an image of photographic like resolution for the purpose. The paper shows that dithering multiple carrier centre frequencies results in optimum use of the SAR waveform. Enhanced slant range resolution is achieved whilst maintaining the same analog to digital convertor bandwidth and data storage size. The system's capacity as a classifier of targets of large radar cross section is greatly improved even though the corresponding image is degraded.<>
{"title":"SAR systems resolution reviewed for target classification in knowledge-based environment","authors":"N. S. Martin","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403506","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge based approach to synthetic aperture radar systems which is presented, considers how to utilise given equipment to perform the classification function, rather than providing an image of photographic like resolution for the purpose. The paper shows that dithering multiple carrier centre frequencies results in optimum use of the SAR waveform. Enhanced slant range resolution is achieved whilst maintaining the same analog to digital convertor bandwidth and data storage size. The system's capacity as a classifier of targets of large radar cross section is greatly improved even though the corresponding image is degraded.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131182772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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