Efficient synthetic aperture radar (SAR) azimuth processing using algorithms suited to pipeline processing has been demonstrated by A. Moreira (1991; 1992; 1994). A triangular window is obtained by cascading two rectangular windows of the same length. It is shown that if their lengths are chosen to differ, an improved sidelobe performance is obtained at no computational cost. A further improvement is obtained by using three cascaded rectangular windows. The technique can be expected to improve SAR images obtained using this efficient algorithm.<>
A. Moreira(1991)证明了使用适合流水线处理的算法进行有效的合成孔径雷达(SAR)方位处理;1992;1994)。三角窗是由两个相同长度的矩形窗级联而成。结果表明，如果选择不同的长度，可以在不耗费计算成本的情况下获得更好的副瓣性能。通过使用三个级联的矩形窗口，进一步改进了设计。该技术有望改善使用该高效算法获得的SAR图像。
{"title":"Optimum parameters for a pipeline processor","authors":"A. Bolton, M. Dankiw, L. Jain","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403474","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient synthetic aperture radar (SAR) azimuth processing using algorithms suited to pipeline processing has been demonstrated by A. Moreira (1991; 1992; 1994). A triangular window is obtained by cascading two rectangular windows of the same length. It is shown that if their lengths are chosen to differ, an improved sidelobe performance is obtained at no computational cost. A further improvement is obtained by using three cascaded rectangular windows. The technique can be expected to improve SAR images obtained using this efficient algorithm.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130192804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the evolution of HF radar signal processing in terms of the ever-increasing range of signal decomposition options, both algorithmic and paradigmatic. A processing regime embodying a knowledge-based system is proposed as a means of effecting real-time selection and control of signal analysis procedures.<>
{"title":"Eclectic radar signal processing via artificial intelligence","authors":"S. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403486","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the evolution of HF radar signal processing in terms of the ever-increasing range of signal decomposition options, both algorithmic and paradigmatic. A processing regime embodying a knowledge-based system is proposed as a means of effecting real-time selection and control of signal analysis procedures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131798180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Programmable devices impose hard constraints on the size of circuits that can be implemented with them or with their blocks. Therefore, decompositional implementation of large functions is not a choice but a real necessity in this case. The objective of the new decomposition method presented is to implement a complex Boolean function or an assigned sequential machine with a minimal number of constrained building blocks and minimal connections between the blocks. The method aims at solving problems with hard constraints in multiple dimensions. It differs substantially from the methods for solving similar simpler one dimensional problems. The method is very general and, after some small changes, it can be applied to many other partitioning problems. The experimental results show that the method is very efficient.<>
{"title":"Efficient decomposition of assigned sequential machines and Boolean functions for PLD implementations","authors":"L. Józwiak, Frank Wolf","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403465","url":null,"abstract":"Programmable devices impose hard constraints on the size of circuits that can be implemented with them or with their blocks. Therefore, decompositional implementation of large functions is not a choice but a real necessity in this case. The objective of the new decomposition method presented is to implement a complex Boolean function or an assigned sequential machine with a minimal number of constrained building blocks and minimal connections between the blocks. The method aims at solving problems with hard constraints in multiple dimensions. It differs substantially from the methods for solving similar simpler one dimensional problems. The method is very general and, after some small changes, it can be applied to many other partitioning problems. The experimental results show that the method is very efficient.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116523838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linear model based beamforming techniques (e.g. MUSIC, MLM, MVDR, etc.) have been widely used for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation which, in terms of statistics, only make use of the first and second order moment information (e.g. the mean and the variance) of the data. In these techniques, the higher order statistics (3rd and 4th order "cumulants") that provide the information regarding deviation from Gaussianity and presence of phase relations of a signal have been discarded. In the sequel, the performance of these techniques is limited. Recently, artificial neural network techniques based on non-linear function and also independent of signal model have been proposed in the literature. A comparative analysis is carried out in this paper for a high resolution MLM and three ANN techniques. The Hopfield neural network, backpropagation neural network and radial basis function networks are described. Computer simulation results have demonstrated that nonlinear adaptive (ANN) techniques have more superior performance.<>
{"title":"Non-linear adaptive techniques for DOA estimation-a comparative analysis","authors":"C. S. Lee","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403488","url":null,"abstract":"Linear model based beamforming techniques (e.g. MUSIC, MLM, MVDR, etc.) have been widely used for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation which, in terms of statistics, only make use of the first and second order moment information (e.g. the mean and the variance) of the data. In these techniques, the higher order statistics (3rd and 4th order \"cumulants\") that provide the information regarding deviation from Gaussianity and presence of phase relations of a signal have been discarded. In the sequel, the performance of these techniques is limited. Recently, artificial neural network techniques based on non-linear function and also independent of signal model have been proposed in the literature. A comparative analysis is carried out in this paper for a high resolution MLM and three ANN techniques. The Hopfield neural network, backpropagation neural network and radial basis function networks are described. Computer simulation results have demonstrated that nonlinear adaptive (ANN) techniques have more superior performance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113949533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a comparative study of expert system, fuzzy logic and neural networks in the detection of coronary artery disease. It is evident from this study that expert systems can be useful in training and providing expert assistance to the user. Fuzzy logic simplifies the knowledge base in the system. Neural networks are faster and have generalisation capability.<>
{"title":"A comparative study of artificial intelligent techniques in the detection of coronary artery disease","authors":"R. Jain, J. Mazumdar, W. Moran","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403483","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study of expert system, fuzzy logic and neural networks in the detection of coronary artery disease. It is evident from this study that expert systems can be useful in training and providing expert assistance to the user. Fuzzy logic simplifies the knowledge base in the system. Neural networks are faster and have generalisation capability.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125077484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial neural networks, also called neural networks, have been used successfully in many fields including engineering, science and business. This paper presents the implementation of several neural network simulators and their applications in character recognition and other engineering areas.<>
{"title":"Neural network applications","authors":"E. Vonk, L. Jain, L. Veelenturf","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403490","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial neural networks, also called neural networks, have been used successfully in many fields including engineering, science and business. This paper presents the implementation of several neural network simulators and their applications in character recognition and other engineering areas.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123556216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Each year the IBM Research Division prepares a report on technology known as the Ten Year Outlook. This is based on the researchers' perspectives on where technology will go during the next ten years, how this will affect people and institutions and the competitive environment in the information industry. The year 2000 is only five years away and we can make pretty accurate projections of where technology will be at the end of the twentieth century. In an industry that is as dynamic as ours it is much more difficult to project progress over a ten year horizon and it is particularly hard to foresee how this progress will translate into societal and institutional changes. As Yogi Berra, a famous American baseball player and amateur philosopher, said, "the future isn't what it used to be". Our challenge is to make it what we want it to be.<>
{"title":"A ten year outlook on technology","authors":"M. Bregman","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403505","url":null,"abstract":"Each year the IBM Research Division prepares a report on technology known as the Ten Year Outlook. This is based on the researchers' perspectives on where technology will go during the next ten years, how this will affect people and institutions and the competitive environment in the information industry. The year 2000 is only five years away and we can make pretty accurate projections of where technology will be at the end of the twentieth century. In an industry that is as dynamic as ours it is much more difficult to project progress over a ten year horizon and it is particularly hard to foresee how this progress will translate into societal and institutional changes. As Yogi Berra, a famous American baseball player and amateur philosopher, said, \"the future isn't what it used to be\". Our challenge is to make it what we want it to be.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117070703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Radhakrishnan, N. Achutan, S. Verghese, R. Santoshkumar
In-process monitoring of surface roughness has assumed considerable significance in present day manufacturing due to reduced tolerances and better understanding of the functional behaviour of surfaces. The paper deals with the pulse jet capacitance system for noncontact sensing of the surface finish. It concentrates on the prototype development and testing for this state of the art technique useful for research or industrial applications.<>
{"title":"A new approach to the measurement of surface roughness using the pulse-jet capacitance method","authors":"V. Radhakrishnan, N. Achutan, S. Verghese, R. Santoshkumar","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403509","url":null,"abstract":"In-process monitoring of surface roughness has assumed considerable significance in present day manufacturing due to reduced tolerances and better understanding of the functional behaviour of surfaces. The paper deals with the pulse jet capacitance system for noncontact sensing of the surface finish. It concentrates on the prototype development and testing for this state of the art technique useful for research or industrial applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123704657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been shown that dithering between carrier centre frequencies results in enhanced slant range resolution, whilst maintaining the same analog to digital converter bandwidth and data storage size. There is a corresponding degradation in the image sidelobe levels. Simulations using a simple classifier are presented to determine the effect on classification performance of resolution and of side-lobe noise. Under the assumptions for target types the dithering the carrier centre frequency enhances the classification performance for targets typically 5 dB above the average image intensity.<>
{"title":"Evaluation of classification performance for randomly dithered carrier centre frequency in SAR systems","authors":"N. S. Martin, L. Jain, A. Bolton","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403475","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that dithering between carrier centre frequencies results in enhanced slant range resolution, whilst maintaining the same analog to digital converter bandwidth and data storage size. There is a corresponding degradation in the image sidelobe levels. Simulations using a simple classifier are presented to determine the effect on classification performance of resolution and of side-lobe noise. Under the assumptions for target types the dithering the carrier centre frequency enhances the classification performance for targets typically 5 dB above the average image intensity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115680631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent work on the solution of some complex engineering problems has been directed towards techniques that rely on biological systems for inspiration. The reasons for looking at these approaches and some implications of the new technologies are discussed. Some technical aspects of neural networks and genetic approaches are considered.<>
{"title":"Biologically inspired signal processing","authors":"R. P. Johnson, L. Jain","doi":"10.1109/ETD.1995.403496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETD.1995.403496","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work on the solution of some complex engineering problems has been directed towards techniques that rely on biological systems for inspiration. The reasons for looking at these approaches and some implications of the new technologies are discussed. Some technical aspects of neural networks and genetic approaches are considered.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":302763,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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