Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571775
V. Becirovic, Faris Karic, Kemal Ligata, S. Smaka
The power system (PS) evolves with the introduction of new technologies in the sectors of production, transmission, distribution and control of electricity consumption. The philosophy of PS control, operation and management is changing. The public low-voltage network (LVN) faces the major changes due to integration of new smart grid technologies. The integration of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) and Energy Storage System (ESS) in LVN is a focus of this paper. Three scenarios are considered: (1) analysis of LVN without PVPPs and ESS, (2) analysis of LVN with PVPPs, where LVN is treated as energy storage (ES), (3) analysis of LVN with PVPPs and ESS. The novel algorithm for ESS control aiming to peak load reduction is presented in the paper. Losses and voltage conditions are analyzed on all LVN buses. The slow voltage variations analysis is carried out according to the EN50160 standard. It was shown that the connection of the ESS has negligible impact on losses in LVN. Slow voltage variations are within limits defined by standard EN50160 for all considered scenarios.
{"title":"Analysis of slow voltage variations and losses in LVN with integrated PV power plants and ESS","authors":"V. Becirovic, Faris Karic, Kemal Ligata, S. Smaka","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571775","url":null,"abstract":"The power system (PS) evolves with the introduction of new technologies in the sectors of production, transmission, distribution and control of electricity consumption. The philosophy of PS control, operation and management is changing. The public low-voltage network (LVN) faces the major changes due to integration of new smart grid technologies. The integration of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) and Energy Storage System (ESS) in LVN is a focus of this paper. Three scenarios are considered: (1) analysis of LVN without PVPPs and ESS, (2) analysis of LVN with PVPPs, where LVN is treated as energy storage (ES), (3) analysis of LVN with PVPPs and ESS. The novel algorithm for ESS control aiming to peak load reduction is presented in the paper. Losses and voltage conditions are analyzed on all LVN buses. The slow voltage variations analysis is carried out according to the EN50160 standard. It was shown that the connection of the ESS has negligible impact on losses in LVN. Slow voltage variations are within limits defined by standard EN50160 for all considered scenarios.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128548237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571522
M. Pilz, Jean-Christophe Nebel, Luluwah Al-Fagih
Demand-side management (DSM) schemes have widely been analysed in the context of the future smart grid. Often they are based on game-theoretic approaches to schedule the electricity consumption of its participants such that it results in small peak-to-average ratios of the aggregated load. In order to guarantee high comfort levels for the consumer, we investigate a DSM scheme on the basis of individually owned energy storage systems. In addition to an advanced battery model, the scheme includes local renewable energy generation and forecasting errors. Starting from an existing discrete time dynamic game between the households of a neighbourhood, we propose two refinements. Statistical analysis of long term simulations show the benefits of the novel approach. Based on the improved scheduling technique, we discuss the added value of the dynamic game in comparison to a scenario without interaction between the households and conclude whether it is worth implementing such a DSM scheme.
{"title":"A Practical Approach to Energy Scheduling: A Game Worth Playing?","authors":"M. Pilz, Jean-Christophe Nebel, Luluwah Al-Fagih","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571522","url":null,"abstract":"Demand-side management (DSM) schemes have widely been analysed in the context of the future smart grid. Often they are based on game-theoretic approaches to schedule the electricity consumption of its participants such that it results in small peak-to-average ratios of the aggregated load. In order to guarantee high comfort levels for the consumer, we investigate a DSM scheme on the basis of individually owned energy storage systems. In addition to an advanced battery model, the scheme includes local renewable energy generation and forecasting errors. Starting from an existing discrete time dynamic game between the households of a neighbourhood, we propose two refinements. Statistical analysis of long term simulations show the benefits of the novel approach. Based on the improved scheduling technique, we discuss the added value of the dynamic game in comparison to a scenario without interaction between the households and conclude whether it is worth implementing such a DSM scheme.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"122 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120898231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571808
M. Ugur, Erencan Duymaz, M. Gol, O. Keysan
The four-quadrant operation ability of photovoltaic (PV) inverters makes them promising candidates for reactive power compensation in low voltage systems. In this paper, utilization of PV inverters instead of conventional reactive power compensation units is evaluated. The use of PV inverters for reactive power compensation as well as active power supplying is investigated considering a real life system. The considered system suffers from low capacitive power factor due to the connected online UPS system. The paper firstly analyzes utilization of low voltage PV systems for reactive power compensation purpose technically, and then presents a detailed economic study in terms of short and long-term costs. The costs are evaluated considering reactive demand charge to the customer.
{"title":"Evaluation of Photovoltaic Systems for Reactive Power Compensation in Low Voltage Power Systems","authors":"M. Ugur, Erencan Duymaz, M. Gol, O. Keysan","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571808","url":null,"abstract":"The four-quadrant operation ability of photovoltaic (PV) inverters makes them promising candidates for reactive power compensation in low voltage systems. In this paper, utilization of PV inverters instead of conventional reactive power compensation units is evaluated. The use of PV inverters for reactive power compensation as well as active power supplying is investigated considering a real life system. The considered system suffers from low capacitive power factor due to the connected online UPS system. The paper firstly analyzes utilization of low voltage PV systems for reactive power compensation purpose technically, and then presents a detailed economic study in terms of short and long-term costs. The costs are evaluated considering reactive demand charge to the customer.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121220952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571873
M. Hedayati, D. Jovcic
This paper reports on the development of laboratory-scale mechanical DC Circuit Breaker (DC CB) demonstrator of current injection type. A 500A, 900V DC CB is developed with around 4ms operating time. We have used 3 series connected commercially-available mechanical contactors, with appropriate grading circuits, as the main switch. The resonant circuit has been designed with 3kHz resonance frequency. The experimental tests show successful interruption of 500A current at 1000V DC voltage in both positive and negative direction. Further tests with high impedance faults show successful interruption of low fault current at 65 A. Some further analysis of impact of timing of current injection is shown.
{"title":"Scaled 500A, 900V, Hardware Model Demonstrator of Mechanical DC CB with Current Injection","authors":"M. Hedayati, D. Jovcic","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571873","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the development of laboratory-scale mechanical DC Circuit Breaker (DC CB) demonstrator of current injection type. A 500A, 900V DC CB is developed with around 4ms operating time. We have used 3 series connected commercially-available mechanical contactors, with appropriate grading circuits, as the main switch. The resonant circuit has been designed with 3kHz resonance frequency. The experimental tests show successful interruption of 500A current at 1000V DC voltage in both positive and negative direction. Further tests with high impedance faults show successful interruption of low fault current at 65 A. Some further analysis of impact of timing of current injection is shown.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121645647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571491
Najwa Lamdihine, M. Ouassaid, G. Aniba
This paper presents a novel gradual defects diagnosis technique for photovoltaic (PV) panels using a new concept named the photovoltaic plant reflectometry profile (PPRP). In fact, the maintaining of the good functioning of PV systems requires a highly accurate diagnosis for detecting defects not only at the begining, during the commissioning of the PV systems, but also throughout their lifetime. The proposed technique in this paper allows not only the detection of a discordance between the datasheet and the measured performance of the manufactured PV panels, but also to find the exact location of the defective one on an already installed PV plant. The PPRP is a new analytical model and criterion used to compare between the reflected signal that is received within the PV Plant after its transmission and the ideal (expected) one computed analytically using the datasheet. Simulations were conducted using MATLAB Simulink to emulate the discordance between the ideal PPRP and the measured PPRP on the PV plant, and show precisely the expected location of the faulty module.
{"title":"A Novel Gradual Faults Diagnosis Using the Photovoltaic Plant Reflectometry Profile","authors":"Najwa Lamdihine, M. Ouassaid, G. Aniba","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571491","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel gradual defects diagnosis technique for photovoltaic (PV) panels using a new concept named the photovoltaic plant reflectometry profile (PPRP). In fact, the maintaining of the good functioning of PV systems requires a highly accurate diagnosis for detecting defects not only at the begining, during the commissioning of the PV systems, but also throughout their lifetime. The proposed technique in this paper allows not only the detection of a discordance between the datasheet and the measured performance of the manufactured PV panels, but also to find the exact location of the defective one on an already installed PV plant. The PPRP is a new analytical model and criterion used to compare between the reflected signal that is received within the PV Plant after its transmission and the ideal (expected) one computed analytically using the datasheet. Simulations were conducted using MATLAB Simulink to emulate the discordance between the ideal PPRP and the measured PPRP on the PV plant, and show precisely the expected location of the faulty module.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124513606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/isgteurope.2018.8571879
{"title":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe, ISGT-Europe 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, October 21-25, 2018","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/isgteurope.2018.8571879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2018.8571879","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124160882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571814
M. Vatani, P. Vie, O. Ulleberg
Lithium-ion battery is introduced recently as a key solution for energy storage problems both in stationary and mobility applications. However, one main limitation of this technology is the aging, i.e., the degradation of storage capacity. This degradation happens in every condition, whether the battery is used or not, but in different proportions dependent on the usage and external conditions. Due to the complexity of aging phenomena to characterize, lifetime modeling of Li-ion cells attracts the attention of researchers in recent years. This paper develops cycling lifetime prediction models, for two different commercially available Li-ion cells, by using artificial neural networks. First, accelerated cycling tests are performed under different testing conditions, including different temperatures, state of charges, depth of discharges, and discharge current rates. Then, the test data is used to train a feedforward neural network that can predict one-step ahead state of health of the cells that are cycled under different conditions. Thereafter, a sensitivity analysis method is used to investigate the dependence of the state of health of the cells to each input parameter by calculating the partial derivative of the neural network model output with regard to each input. Finally, the sensitivity profile over the whole range of the inputs is provided and discussed.
{"title":"Cycling Lifetime Prediction Model for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"M. Vatani, P. Vie, O. Ulleberg","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571814","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion battery is introduced recently as a key solution for energy storage problems both in stationary and mobility applications. However, one main limitation of this technology is the aging, i.e., the degradation of storage capacity. This degradation happens in every condition, whether the battery is used or not, but in different proportions dependent on the usage and external conditions. Due to the complexity of aging phenomena to characterize, lifetime modeling of Li-ion cells attracts the attention of researchers in recent years. This paper develops cycling lifetime prediction models, for two different commercially available Li-ion cells, by using artificial neural networks. First, accelerated cycling tests are performed under different testing conditions, including different temperatures, state of charges, depth of discharges, and discharge current rates. Then, the test data is used to train a feedforward neural network that can predict one-step ahead state of health of the cells that are cycled under different conditions. Thereafter, a sensitivity analysis method is used to investigate the dependence of the state of health of the cells to each input parameter by calculating the partial derivative of the neural network model output with regard to each input. Finally, the sensitivity profile over the whole range of the inputs is provided and discussed.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124231149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571896
R. Fonteijn, T. V. Cuijk, P. Nguyen, J. Morren, J. Slootweg
Distribution system operators are investigating new methods to manage network congestion and avoid overloading. Among these methods is the application of flexibility. This paper will present a field implementation as part of the H2020 Interflex project. Two parallel mechanisms will be implemented: a local flexibility market and a variable connection capacity. Multiple aggregators will participate on the local flexibility market, trading flexibility day-ahead and intraday. The DSO can compete for flexibility with other interested parties. In parallel, the concept of variable connection capacity is implemented. The variable connection capacity is based on a contractual agreement between distribution system operator and a customer's point of connection. The connection capacity is set at two levels: off- and on-peak. The scenarios include medium to low voltage transformers and low voltage feeders. In the paper, various test-scenarios are described, and an outlook of the field experiments is provided.
{"title":"Flexibility for congestion management: A demonstration of a multi-mechanism approach","authors":"R. Fonteijn, T. V. Cuijk, P. Nguyen, J. Morren, J. Slootweg","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571896","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution system operators are investigating new methods to manage network congestion and avoid overloading. Among these methods is the application of flexibility. This paper will present a field implementation as part of the H2020 Interflex project. Two parallel mechanisms will be implemented: a local flexibility market and a variable connection capacity. Multiple aggregators will participate on the local flexibility market, trading flexibility day-ahead and intraday. The DSO can compete for flexibility with other interested parties. In parallel, the concept of variable connection capacity is implemented. The variable connection capacity is based on a contractual agreement between distribution system operator and a customer's point of connection. The connection capacity is set at two levels: off- and on-peak. The scenarios include medium to low voltage transformers and low voltage feeders. In the paper, various test-scenarios are described, and an outlook of the field experiments is provided.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126482967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571570
Guoying Lin, Feng Pan, Shixiang Lu, Kunqi Jia, G. He, Yang Lin
Home energy management system (HEMS), which typically consists of a gateway, several smart plugs and other intelligent devices, plays an increasingly significant role in smart grid. Due to sophisticated functions and complex underlying software designing of the intelligent devices, it has become increasingly challenging to critically verify their reliability. This paper demonstrates that the formal methodology can be equally applied to software designs of those intelligent devices in HEMS. In this paper, timed automaton (TA) is adopted to describe the formal specifications of intelligent devices and UPPAAL, which is based on timed computation tree logic (TCTL), is applied as the model checker to execute formal verifications of the above formal specifications. Then, abnormal protections of smart plug such as overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and under-voltage protection are taken as examples to show how UPPAAL can be implemented to present the formal specifications and formal verifications of the software designing of the intelligent devices in HEMS. This same technique is universal to a wide variety of software designs in smart grid, and the information it provides is invaluable as a necessary and useful supplement of simulation to software engineers during the development of new systems.
{"title":"A Formal Approach to Testing Logical Reliablity of Intelligent Device in Home Energy Management System","authors":"Guoying Lin, Feng Pan, Shixiang Lu, Kunqi Jia, G. He, Yang Lin","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571570","url":null,"abstract":"Home energy management system (HEMS), which typically consists of a gateway, several smart plugs and other intelligent devices, plays an increasingly significant role in smart grid. Due to sophisticated functions and complex underlying software designing of the intelligent devices, it has become increasingly challenging to critically verify their reliability. This paper demonstrates that the formal methodology can be equally applied to software designs of those intelligent devices in HEMS. In this paper, timed automaton (TA) is adopted to describe the formal specifications of intelligent devices and UPPAAL, which is based on timed computation tree logic (TCTL), is applied as the model checker to execute formal verifications of the above formal specifications. Then, abnormal protections of smart plug such as overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and under-voltage protection are taken as examples to show how UPPAAL can be implemented to present the formal specifications and formal verifications of the software designing of the intelligent devices in HEMS. This same technique is universal to a wide variety of software designs in smart grid, and the information it provides is invaluable as a necessary and useful supplement of simulation to software engineers during the development of new systems.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126553596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571893
Johannes Börner, Florian Steinke
The task of secondary frequency control in typical power systems is to drive frequency deviations remaining after primary control back to zero, while considering economic principles. This is often solved with a central optimizer that communicates its derived set points to all participating units. We propose a novel distributed scheme for secondary control that only requires that each unit can communication with few others, and still achieves frequency restoration with economic optimality under mild conditions. The proposed approach avoids a single point of failure, reduces the central installation overhead and is robust against the separation or partial break-down of the communication grid. The algorithm is validated with simulations of an exemplary micro grid.
{"title":"Distributed Secondary Frequency Control via Price Consensus","authors":"Johannes Börner, Florian Steinke","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571893","url":null,"abstract":"The task of secondary frequency control in typical power systems is to drive frequency deviations remaining after primary control back to zero, while considering economic principles. This is often solved with a central optimizer that communicates its derived set points to all participating units. We propose a novel distributed scheme for secondary control that only requires that each unit can communication with few others, and still achieves frequency restoration with economic optimality under mild conditions. The proposed approach avoids a single point of failure, reduces the central installation overhead and is robust against the separation or partial break-down of the communication grid. The algorithm is validated with simulations of an exemplary micro grid.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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