Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571866
Ivan Todorović, I. Isakov, S. Grabic
Voltage unbalances are frequent in distribution networks. They can be transient in nature or can last for several minutes. Distributed generation units that are connected to the distribution network with unbalanced voltages could suffer from the excessive currents flow if active and reactive power references are kept the same as those that were used during the balanced voltage conditions. In order to maximize active and reactive power production, taking into account converters' current ratings, both during the severe, short lasting, and the less severe, longer lasting, disturbances, different schemes are proposed. The power production maximization could be beneficial for faults mitigation and for optimal resources utilization. The first paradigm enables active or reactive power production prioritization. The second allows for the power factor to stay the same before and during the voltage sags. Algorithms were tested on the hardware-in-the-loop based setup that emulates local20kV distribution network with 26 substations.
{"title":"Power Production Maximization Schemes for Grid-Connected Converters - Case Study: Local Distribution Network Under Unbalanced Voltages","authors":"Ivan Todorović, I. Isakov, S. Grabic","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571866","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage unbalances are frequent in distribution networks. They can be transient in nature or can last for several minutes. Distributed generation units that are connected to the distribution network with unbalanced voltages could suffer from the excessive currents flow if active and reactive power references are kept the same as those that were used during the balanced voltage conditions. In order to maximize active and reactive power production, taking into account converters' current ratings, both during the severe, short lasting, and the less severe, longer lasting, disturbances, different schemes are proposed. The power production maximization could be beneficial for faults mitigation and for optimal resources utilization. The first paradigm enables active or reactive power production prioritization. The second allows for the power factor to stay the same before and during the voltage sags. Algorithms were tested on the hardware-in-the-loop based setup that emulates local20kV distribution network with 26 substations.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124684556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571852
Chouaib Afri, B. Marinescu, G. Besançon, C. Cardozo
Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA) relies on dynamic simulation which needs a reliable initial point. In case of a major incident or in case of systematic DSA (run in quasi real-time), the initial point is not necessarily an equilibrium (load-flow) one and thus needs to be dynamically estimated. For this task, one can rely on static state estimator data and on real-time grid measures. However, internal states of the dynamic devices (like generators) are not accessible for measure and should thus be estimated. The related observability issue is studied here and a solution to estimate these states is proposed, taking into account the nonlinearities of the regulations of the dynamic devices (mainly related to the saturations of the actuating variables like excitation voltages and mechanical torque of the generators). It is shown that numerical solutions can be obtained despite the weak observability.
{"title":"Observability and Observer Design for Dynamic Security Assessment in Power Systems","authors":"Chouaib Afri, B. Marinescu, G. Besançon, C. Cardozo","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571852","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA) relies on dynamic simulation which needs a reliable initial point. In case of a major incident or in case of systematic DSA (run in quasi real-time), the initial point is not necessarily an equilibrium (load-flow) one and thus needs to be dynamically estimated. For this task, one can rely on static state estimator data and on real-time grid measures. However, internal states of the dynamic devices (like generators) are not accessible for measure and should thus be estimated. The related observability issue is studied here and a solution to estimate these states is proposed, taking into account the nonlinearities of the regulations of the dynamic devices (mainly related to the saturations of the actuating variables like excitation voltages and mechanical torque of the generators). It is shown that numerical solutions can be obtained despite the weak observability.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129416256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571760
A. Tokić, A. Jukan, I. Uglesic, Dzemo Mustafic
A specific source of harmonic currents in power grid are fluorescent lamps with electromagnetic ballast. A new model of fluorescent lamps with electromagnetic ballast is presented in this paper. Also, applicability to simulations of fluorescent lamp performance for steady state source voltages and for its RMS time variations with nominal frequency is also demonstrated. The presented model is based on an extended curve fitting procedure against to the existing standard fluorescent lamp models. For the approximation of the lamp's i-u characteristic, a pair of exponential functions representing the fluorescent lamp branches is chosen. The obtained simulation results were verified by comparison against the measurements and an excellent agreement was found. It is also demonstrated that the suggested fluorescent lamp model delivers accurate results for different steady state source voltages including its variations. The presented and suggested lamp model can be efficiently used in harmonic studies and its implementation in the existing EMTP/ATP or MATLAB/SPS simulation tools is straightforward.
{"title":"Nonlinear Model of Fluorescent Lamp in Harmonic Studies","authors":"A. Tokić, A. Jukan, I. Uglesic, Dzemo Mustafic","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571760","url":null,"abstract":"A specific source of harmonic currents in power grid are fluorescent lamps with electromagnetic ballast. A new model of fluorescent lamps with electromagnetic ballast is presented in this paper. Also, applicability to simulations of fluorescent lamp performance for steady state source voltages and for its RMS time variations with nominal frequency is also demonstrated. The presented model is based on an extended curve fitting procedure against to the existing standard fluorescent lamp models. For the approximation of the lamp's i-u characteristic, a pair of exponential functions representing the fluorescent lamp branches is chosen. The obtained simulation results were verified by comparison against the measurements and an excellent agreement was found. It is also demonstrated that the suggested fluorescent lamp model delivers accurate results for different steady state source voltages including its variations. The presented and suggested lamp model can be efficiently used in harmonic studies and its implementation in the existing EMTP/ATP or MATLAB/SPS simulation tools is straightforward.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128381506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571656
Adnan Cokić, Sanjin Cekic, Armin Selimic
Reconstruction and revitalization process of electricity facilities necessarily leads to implementation and integration of modern technologies into already existing infrastructure. The protection and control (P&C) system must be able to respond to all current exploitation conditions as well as foresee the future needs of the same. With emergence of an international standard for substation automation, IEC 61850 has defined a set of functionalities and rules that perfectly fit into the whole migration process of the P&C system from a classical to a digital principle. This article describes the process of technology transition from classical to digital P&C systems in concrete transformer stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina with a special review of design phase, use of IEC 61850 GOOSE messages, commissioning and integration in the SCADA system. Also, important aspects discussed in this paper are: communication redundancy, system availability, reliability and interoperability.
{"title":"The migration of substation automation technology from classical to digital","authors":"Adnan Cokić, Sanjin Cekic, Armin Selimic","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571656","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstruction and revitalization process of electricity facilities necessarily leads to implementation and integration of modern technologies into already existing infrastructure. The protection and control (P&C) system must be able to respond to all current exploitation conditions as well as foresee the future needs of the same. With emergence of an international standard for substation automation, IEC 61850 has defined a set of functionalities and rules that perfectly fit into the whole migration process of the P&C system from a classical to a digital principle. This article describes the process of technology transition from classical to digital P&C systems in concrete transformer stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina with a special review of design phase, use of IEC 61850 GOOSE messages, commissioning and integration in the SCADA system. Also, important aspects discussed in this paper are: communication redundancy, system availability, reliability and interoperability.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128481754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571605
Martijn H. H. Schoot Uiterkamp, Marco E. T. Gerards, J. Hurink
Due to the large increase in electric vehicles (EVs), smart charging strategies are required in order for the distribution grid to accommodate all these EVs. Many charging strategies either assume that future loads are known in advance, or use predictions of these loads as input. However, accurate prediction of uncontrollable load is very difficult. Online valley-filling algorithms circumvent this problem by determining the charging profile based on a prediction of the fill-level: a single parameter that characterizes the optimal EV schedule. This paper presents a simple, but accurate, method to predict this fill-level. We show that near-optimal charging profiles with an optimality gap of less than 1 % can be realized when our method is used to predict the input level for the online valley-filling approach. Furthermore, our method is very fast and thus suitable for use in decentralized energy management systems that employ the online valley- filling approach.
{"title":"Fill-level prediction in online valley-filling algorithms for electric vehicle charging","authors":"Martijn H. H. Schoot Uiterkamp, Marco E. T. Gerards, J. Hurink","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571605","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the large increase in electric vehicles (EVs), smart charging strategies are required in order for the distribution grid to accommodate all these EVs. Many charging strategies either assume that future loads are known in advance, or use predictions of these loads as input. However, accurate prediction of uncontrollable load is very difficult. Online valley-filling algorithms circumvent this problem by determining the charging profile based on a prediction of the fill-level: a single parameter that characterizes the optimal EV schedule. This paper presents a simple, but accurate, method to predict this fill-level. We show that near-optimal charging profiles with an optimality gap of less than 1 % can be realized when our method is used to predict the input level for the online valley-filling approach. Furthermore, our method is very fast and thus suitable for use in decentralized energy management systems that employ the online valley- filling approach.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129607503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571746
Sebastian Kochanneck, Ingo Mauser, Kaleb Phipps, H. Schmeck
In order to facilitate a more flexible energy system that is able to cope with a high share of renewable energy sources and distributed generation, the concept of a smart grid comprising heterogeneous interacting systems, such as energy management systems (EMSs), has been established. These systems combine technologies from a range of disciplines including electrical engineering, control engineering, building engineering, and computer science. Due to their complexity a pure analytical description and analysis of them and of their interaction is impractical. Therefore, engineers use simulations, co-simulations, and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations to develop and test their systems. This paper discusses in detail the challenges faced when designing and implementing a real-time HIL simulation, compares the proposed solution with similar approaches in the literature, and presents first results obtained in a HIL testbed consisting of a real smart building with an automated building EMS and a low-voltage distribution grid comprising simulated smart buildings. The initial results demonstrate the validity of the approach, successfully achieving an accurate coupling of the multi-building simulation and real building.
{"title":"Hardware-in-the-Loop Co-simulation of a Smart Building in a Low-voltage Distribution Grid","authors":"Sebastian Kochanneck, Ingo Mauser, Kaleb Phipps, H. Schmeck","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571746","url":null,"abstract":"In order to facilitate a more flexible energy system that is able to cope with a high share of renewable energy sources and distributed generation, the concept of a smart grid comprising heterogeneous interacting systems, such as energy management systems (EMSs), has been established. These systems combine technologies from a range of disciplines including electrical engineering, control engineering, building engineering, and computer science. Due to their complexity a pure analytical description and analysis of them and of their interaction is impractical. Therefore, engineers use simulations, co-simulations, and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations to develop and test their systems. This paper discusses in detail the challenges faced when designing and implementing a real-time HIL simulation, compares the proposed solution with similar approaches in the literature, and presents first results obtained in a HIL testbed consisting of a real smart building with an automated building EMS and a low-voltage distribution grid comprising simulated smart buildings. The initial results demonstrate the validity of the approach, successfully achieving an accurate coupling of the multi-building simulation and real building.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127521432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571585
J. Ponoćko, J. Milanović
This paper discusses data requirements for an efficient demand decomposition at the aggregation level considering a limited number of monitoring points. Two methods are compared: an artificial neural network (ANN) based method and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method, followed by the validation of the superior approach against the data coming from an actual pilot site. The influence of data types, such as the weather and type of day, is investigated, as well as the size of the historical data required. The analysis concludes that the ANN based approach is superior, and that using appropriately trained ANN, even with only 5% of end-users whose per-appliance consumption is being monitored, it is possible to estimate or predict, with high accuracy, the demand composition of the overall aggregation of users.
{"title":"Data Requirements for a Reliable Demand Decomposition in Sparsely Monitored Power Networks","authors":"J. Ponoćko, J. Milanović","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses data requirements for an efficient demand decomposition at the aggregation level considering a limited number of monitoring points. Two methods are compared: an artificial neural network (ANN) based method and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method, followed by the validation of the superior approach against the data coming from an actual pilot site. The influence of data types, such as the weather and type of day, is investigated, as well as the size of the historical data required. The analysis concludes that the ANN based approach is superior, and that using appropriately trained ANN, even with only 5% of end-users whose per-appliance consumption is being monitored, it is possible to estimate or predict, with high accuracy, the demand composition of the overall aggregation of users.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127532792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571806
S. Grebović, I. Uglesic, A. Balota, B. Franc
The paper presents the analytics of lightning data collected by monitoring system in real - time for the measurement of the direct lightning current (LAMS) and the lightning location system (LINET). The both systems and their operation mode are shortly described. A great number of collected data are analyzed, explained and compared. The data analyses showed the Lovćen mountain has the overall highest number of registered lightning strokes in the whole analyzed area.
{"title":"Analytics of Lightning Data Collected by the Direct Measurement System and Lightning Location System","authors":"S. Grebović, I. Uglesic, A. Balota, B. Franc","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571806","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the analytics of lightning data collected by monitoring system in real - time for the measurement of the direct lightning current (LAMS) and the lightning location system (LINET). The both systems and their operation mode are shortly described. A great number of collected data are analyzed, explained and compared. The data analyses showed the Lovćen mountain has the overall highest number of registered lightning strokes in the whole analyzed area.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127354708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571867
Benjamin Camus, A. Blavette, F. Dufossé, Anne-Cécile Orgerie
Smart grids allow to efficiently perform demand-side management in electrical grids in order to increase the integration of fluctuating and/or intermittent renewable energy sources in the energy mix. In this paper, we consider a distributed computing cloud partially powered by photovoltaic panels as a self-consumer that can also benefit from geographical flexibility: the computing load can be moved from one data center to another one benefiting from better solar irradiance conditions. The various data centers composing the cloud can then cooperate to better synchronise their consumption with their photovoltaic production. The simulation-based results show that our approach can significantly increase the self-consumption of renewable energy and improve the state-of-the-art management techniques for energy-efficient distributed clouds.
{"title":"Harnessing the geographical flexibility of distributed computing clouds for cooperative self-consumption","authors":"Benjamin Camus, A. Blavette, F. Dufossé, Anne-Cécile Orgerie","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571867","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grids allow to efficiently perform demand-side management in electrical grids in order to increase the integration of fluctuating and/or intermittent renewable energy sources in the energy mix. In this paper, we consider a distributed computing cloud partially powered by photovoltaic panels as a self-consumer that can also benefit from geographical flexibility: the computing load can be moved from one data center to another one benefiting from better solar irradiance conditions. The various data centers composing the cloud can then cooperate to better synchronise their consumption with their photovoltaic production. The simulation-based results show that our approach can significantly increase the self-consumption of renewable energy and improve the state-of-the-art management techniques for energy-efficient distributed clouds.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130242178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571449
Ö. Usta, Fatih Ozveren, B. Kara, Cenk Gocer, Halit Mustafa Ozgur
This paper presents a new directional protection scheme to provide protection against asymmetrical fault and over unbalance operating conditions. The proposed scheme detects the fault by monitoring the degree of system unbalance using the magnitude of negative sequence reactive power, and discriminates the fault using the direction of negative sequence reactive power. Computer simulation studies have shown that the proposed protection scheme detects the unbalanced fault at buses and produces high speed trip for all lines connected to the buses. When there is a fault within the line, the protecting scheme produces trip signals for CBs at each end of the line, and provides high speed protection if the communication facility is available. When the communication link is not available, a backup protection can be provided for the line.
{"title":"A New Directional Relaying Scheme for the Protection of Active Distribution Networks Against Asymmetric Faults","authors":"Ö. Usta, Fatih Ozveren, B. Kara, Cenk Gocer, Halit Mustafa Ozgur","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new directional protection scheme to provide protection against asymmetrical fault and over unbalance operating conditions. The proposed scheme detects the fault by monitoring the degree of system unbalance using the magnitude of negative sequence reactive power, and discriminates the fault using the direction of negative sequence reactive power. Computer simulation studies have shown that the proposed protection scheme detects the unbalanced fault at buses and produces high speed trip for all lines connected to the buses. When there is a fault within the line, the protecting scheme produces trip signals for CBs at each end of the line, and provides high speed protection if the communication facility is available. When the communication link is not available, a backup protection can be provided for the line.","PeriodicalId":302863,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127969063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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