Aims: To identify barriers and facilitators to recruitment and retention of un-derrepresented populations into health research and propose evidence-based strategies to attenuate the barriers and foster the facilitators. Background: Health promotion research is designed to identify sustainable strategies that enable people to live a healthier lifestyle. To identify strategies that are effective for a diverse group of people, research must include a diverse sample that is representative of the population. Researchers frequently struggle with recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations in healthcare research, yet without adequate representation, identification of effective health promotion strategies is lacking. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify literature regarding recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations into health-related research. Results: A total of 13 quantitative and qualitative articles were reviewed. The primary barriers to recruitment and retention included mistrust of researchers, lack of communication, and inadequate representation of the underrepresented population among the research team. Facilitators included development of community partnerships, benefits for self and community, and involvement in planning of the research. Conclusions: Evidence-based strategies that address barriers and facilitators to underrepresented populations’ participation in health research should be addressed to promote recruitment and retention. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings guide the development of strategies as researchers plan health promotion and disease prevention interventions for un-derrepresented populations.
{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators to the Recruitment of Underrepresented Populations in Health Research","authors":"Traemond Anderson","doi":"10.58361/2766-3590.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58361/2766-3590.1054","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To identify barriers and facilitators to recruitment and retention of un-derrepresented populations into health research and propose evidence-based strategies to attenuate the barriers and foster the facilitators. Background: Health promotion research is designed to identify sustainable strategies that enable people to live a healthier lifestyle. To identify strategies that are effective for a diverse group of people, research must include a diverse sample that is representative of the population. Researchers frequently struggle with recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations in healthcare research, yet without adequate representation, identification of effective health promotion strategies is lacking. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify literature regarding recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations into health-related research. Results: A total of 13 quantitative and qualitative articles were reviewed. The primary barriers to recruitment and retention included mistrust of researchers, lack of communication, and inadequate representation of the underrepresented population among the research team. Facilitators included development of community partnerships, benefits for self and community, and involvement in planning of the research. Conclusions: Evidence-based strategies that address barriers and facilitators to underrepresented populations’ participation in health research should be addressed to promote recruitment and retention. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings guide the development of strategies as researchers plan health promotion and disease prevention interventions for un-derrepresented populations.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75302047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the field of Critical Race Studies, Brazil continually proves to be a unique case with its diverse population, incredible nuanced racial classification system, and claim to “racial democracy” and transcending its history of racism and slavery. At the heart of these claims is a large pardo, or mixed race, population that is often characterized as the apex of Brazilianness and multiraciality. The mixed-race body is romanticized and the entire Brazilian populous is placed in a racialized “third space” beyond the recognized system of Black and white identities. How do pardo people conceptualize themselves in this idealized world of racial democracy? How do the systems of Brazil’s history and national identity formation impact the modern understanding of mixed identity? Where do mixed-race people fit in the spectrum of racialized space— if they even do? This project will examine the history of miscegenation, critical race theory, media discourse, and Brazilian census data to evaluate the space that pardo bodies take up in Brazil. Through analyzing and contextualizing these components with the experiences of pardo people, this work will put into focus the moving target that is mixed-race identity in Brazil. As a result, the study will contribute a new perspective of spatiality to mixed-race discourse as well as question our perceptions of racial identity and who it benefits.
{"title":"The Moving Target","authors":"Megan Salmon","doi":"10.58361/2766-3590.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58361/2766-3590.1055","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of Critical Race Studies, Brazil continually proves to be a unique case with its diverse population, incredible nuanced racial classification system, and claim to “racial democracy” and transcending its history of racism and slavery. At the heart of these claims is a large pardo, or mixed race, population that is often characterized as the apex of Brazilianness and multiraciality. The mixed-race body is romanticized and the entire Brazilian populous is placed in a racialized “third space” beyond the recognized system of Black and white identities. How do pardo people conceptualize themselves in this idealized world of racial democracy? How do the systems of Brazil’s history and national identity formation impact the modern understanding of mixed identity? Where do mixed-race people fit in the spectrum of racialized space— if they even do? This project will examine the history of miscegenation, critical race theory, media discourse, and Brazilian census data to evaluate the space that pardo bodies take up in Brazil. Through analyzing and contextualizing these components with the experiences of pardo people, this work will put into focus the moving target that is mixed-race identity in Brazil. As a result, the study will contribute a new perspective of spatiality to mixed-race discourse as well as question our perceptions of racial identity and who it benefits.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83292900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Image Research Summary","authors":"","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1600","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73893707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Connections Between Students’ Social Justice and Mathematics Understandings","authors":"L. Green","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74948245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal of concern that can be found in drinking water, dust, and soil. Environmental exposure to lead has been associated with neurologi-cal alterations in both adults and children. Numerous studies have suggested adverse health outcomes caused by the neurotoxic effects of lead on the central nervous system. This study used the zebrafish model to investi-gate the developmental toxicity effects of lead exposure from 1 to 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf) using 0, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 ppb of lead. The visual motor response test was used to assess changes in behavior and locomotion. Phasic data was collected and analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Phasic behavior data showed hyperactivity through increased velocity and distance moved in all of the dark phases for the 10 ppb treatment group ( p < 0.05). Larvae in the 50 ppb treatment group showed hyperactivity in the second light phase through increased velocity, time spent moving, and distance traveled ( p < 0.05). Hypoactivity, depicted through decreased velocity, distance moved, and time spent moving occurred in the 100 ppb treatment group in the first light phase ( p < 0.05). Larvae in the 500 ppb treatment group only exhibited a decreased time spent moving in the first two dark phases and first light phase ( p < 0.05). The 1,000 ppb treatment group spent less time moving only in the first dark phase ( p < 0.05). These findings indicate zebrafish larvae that were exposed to lead early in development display various changes in behavior and locomotive activity dependent on lead exposure concentration.
{"title":"Developmental Behavioral Alterations Following Lead (Pb) Exposure in the Zebrafish Model System","authors":"Jenny Chen","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1557","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal of concern that can be found in drinking water, dust, and soil. Environmental exposure to lead has been associated with neurologi-cal alterations in both adults and children. Numerous studies have suggested adverse health outcomes caused by the neurotoxic effects of lead on the central nervous system. This study used the zebrafish model to investi-gate the developmental toxicity effects of lead exposure from 1 to 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf) using 0, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 ppb of lead. The visual motor response test was used to assess changes in behavior and locomotion. Phasic data was collected and analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Phasic behavior data showed hyperactivity through increased velocity and distance moved in all of the dark phases for the 10 ppb treatment group ( p < 0.05). Larvae in the 50 ppb treatment group showed hyperactivity in the second light phase through increased velocity, time spent moving, and distance traveled ( p < 0.05). Hypoactivity, depicted through decreased velocity, distance moved, and time spent moving occurred in the 100 ppb treatment group in the first light phase ( p < 0.05). Larvae in the 500 ppb treatment group only exhibited a decreased time spent moving in the first two dark phases and first light phase ( p < 0.05). The 1,000 ppb treatment group spent less time moving only in the first dark phase ( p < 0.05). These findings indicate zebrafish larvae that were exposed to lead early in development display various changes in behavior and locomotive activity dependent on lead exposure concentration.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85461200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
how companies in the entire A&D sector can adapt when challenges arise, not only during a pandemic, but also during other global crises. Abstract After the pandemic hit in 2020, the aerospace and defense industry was specifically impacted very harshly. Rolls-Royce was one of the main companies that had to go through major structural and logistical changes to cope with the changing economy. As one of the leaders of the aerospace and defense (A&D) industry, the main problem that Rolls-Royce was facing was the drastic reduction in demand for civil and commercial aircraft, which was one of Rolls-Royce’s core businesses. This led to supply chain problems, reduced profits, and eventually heavy losses. The effects of these problems caused great distress in the company. My specific role was twofold: to analyze their financial statements for the present and to provide risk management strategies for the future. For the former, I offer solutions on how they can minimize their losses and maximize their profits. Most of my research on this part was conducted by studying how companies performed under great financial distress in the past during black swan events, such as the housing crisis of 2008, the Great Recession, the dot-com bubble, and so forth. For the latter risk management objec-tive, I created a personalized risk matrix for Rolls-Royce by identifying and ranking all their current and potential risks. Then I prioritized the risks that required more atten-tion based on both qualitative and quantitative analyses of cost and performance impacts, and presented recommended solutions for these risks. Overall, I address six main issues and risks that Rolls-Royce should focus on and provide solutions to mitigate them.
{"title":"Aerospace and Defense the Financial Impact of Covid-19 on the Rolls-Royce Supply Chain","authors":"Khushboo Jain","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1591","url":null,"abstract":"how companies in the entire A&D sector can adapt when challenges arise, not only during a pandemic, but also during other global crises. Abstract After the pandemic hit in 2020, the aerospace and defense industry was specifically impacted very harshly. Rolls-Royce was one of the main companies that had to go through major structural and logistical changes to cope with the changing economy. As one of the leaders of the aerospace and defense (A&D) industry, the main problem that Rolls-Royce was facing was the drastic reduction in demand for civil and commercial aircraft, which was one of Rolls-Royce’s core businesses. This led to supply chain problems, reduced profits, and eventually heavy losses. The effects of these problems caused great distress in the company. My specific role was twofold: to analyze their financial statements for the present and to provide risk management strategies for the future. For the former, I offer solutions on how they can minimize their losses and maximize their profits. Most of my research on this part was conducted by studying how companies performed under great financial distress in the past during black swan events, such as the housing crisis of 2008, the Great Recession, the dot-com bubble, and so forth. For the latter risk management objec-tive, I created a personalized risk matrix for Rolls-Royce by identifying and ranking all their current and potential risks. Then I prioritized the risks that required more atten-tion based on both qualitative and quantitative analyses of cost and performance impacts, and presented recommended solutions for these risks. Overall, I address six main issues and risks that Rolls-Royce should focus on and provide solutions to mitigate them.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85694491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Th e negative consequences of patriarchy include gender inequality in sports. In both the United States and Colombia, the highest level of women’s basketball illustrates this problem. Th is research highlights two social and political dimensions of the problem. First, it exposes discrimination and the way in which the media trivialize the work performed by female basketball players; second, it questions the way in which women players are called “professionals” but are not always treated as such. Th rough a comparative analysis method, I explain some of the similar gender challenges faced by women’s basketball players in both the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) in the United States and the Superior Women’s Basketball League (LSBF) in Colombia. In both countries, women basketball athletes have less media coverage than the men. Th e Colombian media, however, normalize the labor precariousness experienced by women basketball athletes. Frequently, the media call them “professionals,” but they are not treated as such. In America, female athletes have better labor conditions than Colombian women athletes. Th ese conditions, however, are not equal to or better than those of male players in the (men’s) NBA.
{"title":"Sport Is Not Neutral: A Comparison of Gender Inequalities in Colombian and American Women’s Basketball Leagues","authors":"Angela Lasso Jiménez","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1556","url":null,"abstract":"Th e negative consequences of patriarchy include gender inequality in sports. In both the United States and Colombia, the highest level of women’s basketball illustrates this problem. Th is research highlights two social and political dimensions of the problem. First, it exposes discrimination and the way in which the media trivialize the work performed by female basketball players; second, it questions the way in which women players are called “professionals” but are not always treated as such. Th rough a comparative analysis method, I explain some of the similar gender challenges faced by women’s basketball players in both the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) in the United States and the Superior Women’s Basketball League (LSBF) in Colombia. In both countries, women basketball athletes have less media coverage than the men. Th e Colombian media, however, normalize the labor precariousness experienced by women basketball athletes. Frequently, the media call them “professionals,” but they are not treated as such. In America, female athletes have better labor conditions than Colombian women athletes. Th ese conditions, however, are not equal to or better than those of male players in the (men’s) NBA.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84109286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online proctoring software (OPS) claims to fortify education by attempting to provide a controlled virtual testing environment, ideally reducing the amount of cheating on online assessments; however, scholars, students, and education technology specialists have raised significant concerns about student privacy and algorithmic discrimination in OPS. This study analyzed survey data from 86 Purdue undergraduate students regarding their sentiment and experience using OPS. After providing informed consent, demographic information, and OPS usage, students indicated via 5-point Likert scale to what extent they agreed or disagreed with statements gauging perceptions of identification accuracy, data privacy, knowledge about student data rights, and academic integrity. Participants also could share additional reflections via two free-response questions.
{"title":"Online Proctoring’s Impact on Students and Student Privacy","authors":"Tessca Almeida","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1561","url":null,"abstract":"Online proctoring software (OPS) claims to fortify education by attempting to provide a controlled virtual testing environment, ideally reducing the amount of cheating on online assessments; however, scholars, students, and education technology specialists have raised significant concerns about student privacy and algorithmic discrimination in OPS. This study analyzed survey data from 86 Purdue undergraduate students regarding their sentiment and experience using OPS. After providing informed consent, demographic information, and OPS usage, students indicated via 5-point Likert scale to what extent they agreed or disagreed with statements gauging perceptions of identification accuracy, data privacy, knowledge about student data rights, and academic integrity. Participants also could share additional reflections via two free-response questions.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87150538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food for Local Benefit: Civic Agriculture at the Wea Creek Orchard","authors":"Reese Curtis","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89815298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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