Adolescent stress exposure increases the likelihood of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood; however, it is not clear how genetic and environmental factors interact to increase risk. Th is study examined how adolescent social isolation aff ects adult binge- like ethanol drinking and levels of the stress hormone corticosterone in male and female mice with a genetic predisposition toward high alcohol preference (HAP). Twenty- eight HAP mice were separated into group- housed (GH) and socially isolated (SI) conditions ( n = 13, 13). Binge drinking was assessed using a drinking in the dark (DID) procedure. Blood samples were taken before DID and aft er the 4th (last) day of DID. Overall, adolescent social isolation increased adult binge drinking in a sex- and time- dependent manner. Analysis of Hour 1 intake across the 4 days indicated that SI males drank signifi cantly more than GH males, and this was not the case in females. Th ere was no signifi cant eff ect of housing for Hour 2. On Day 4, aft er 2 hours of consumption, social isolation increased drinking regardless of sex. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels decreased following drinking, but there were no sex or housing group diff erences. Th ere were correlations between CORT levels and drinking, but only for SI females. Th ese fi ndings demonstrate that adolescent social isolation promotes binge- like drinking in both male and female adult mice with a genetic predisposition for high alcohol preference; however, this relationship is time- dependent, and males may be more sensitive than females to social isolation stress. Additionally, corticosterone levels change with regard to binge- drinking and sex.
{"title":"Impact of Adolescent Social Isolation on Adult, Binge-Like Ethanol Consumption and Plasma Corticosterone in High-Alcohol-Preferring Mice","authors":"Eva Cullins","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1563","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent stress exposure increases the likelihood of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood; however, it is not clear how genetic and environmental factors interact to increase risk. Th is study examined how adolescent social isolation aff ects adult binge- like ethanol drinking and levels of the stress hormone corticosterone in male and female mice with a genetic predisposition toward high alcohol preference (HAP). Twenty- eight HAP mice were separated into group- housed (GH) and socially isolated (SI) conditions ( n = 13, 13). Binge drinking was assessed using a drinking in the dark (DID) procedure. Blood samples were taken before DID and aft er the 4th (last) day of DID. Overall, adolescent social isolation increased adult binge drinking in a sex- and time- dependent manner. Analysis of Hour 1 intake across the 4 days indicated that SI males drank signifi cantly more than GH males, and this was not the case in females. Th ere was no signifi cant eff ect of housing for Hour 2. On Day 4, aft er 2 hours of consumption, social isolation increased drinking regardless of sex. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels decreased following drinking, but there were no sex or housing group diff erences. Th ere were correlations between CORT levels and drinking, but only for SI females. Th ese fi ndings demonstrate that adolescent social isolation promotes binge- like drinking in both male and female adult mice with a genetic predisposition for high alcohol preference; however, this relationship is time- dependent, and males may be more sensitive than females to social isolation stress. Additionally, corticosterone levels change with regard to binge- drinking and sex.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80587864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Political advocacy is a core tenet of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. As a profession, social work has the responsibility to remain aware of trends that threaten the well- being of diverse populations. Th e historic connection between oppression and policy is undeniable, and the standards and principles in the Code of Ethics require social workers to intervene and be aware of political trends. However, at times, social workers’ political views may not refl ect the clients’ views. Navigating situations in which a client expresses political content with the social worker requires careful consideration and improvements in the available guidance. Prior literature addresses the political confl ict in Israel, Palestine, and Northern Ireland during times of extreme tension in those cultures. Yet, stark contrasts between the United States and those cultures exist, thus justifying the need for specifi c guidance for U.S. social workers. Currently, the state of society and social work in the United States requires social workers to dedicate increased attentiveness to these types of situations. As such, the connection between social work and political action is undeniable and worthy of further investigation. To do so, two relevant case examples from a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) will be assessed in which guidance from the NASW Code of Ethics, existing approaches, and prior literature will be applied. Th e evaluation of these case examples is intended to inform the decisions of other U.S.- based social workers confronting political disagreement with clients in direct practice work.
{"title":"Navigating Political Disagreement in Social Work: An Analysis of Past Literature, Ethical Guidance, and Case Examples","authors":"Saige M. Addison","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1572","url":null,"abstract":"Political advocacy is a core tenet of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. As a profession, social work has the responsibility to remain aware of trends that threaten the well- being of diverse populations. Th e historic connection between oppression and policy is undeniable, and the standards and principles in the Code of Ethics require social workers to intervene and be aware of political trends. However, at times, social workers’ political views may not refl ect the clients’ views. Navigating situations in which a client expresses political content with the social worker requires careful consideration and improvements in the available guidance. Prior literature addresses the political confl ict in Israel, Palestine, and Northern Ireland during times of extreme tension in those cultures. Yet, stark contrasts between the United States and those cultures exist, thus justifying the need for specifi c guidance for U.S. social workers. Currently, the state of society and social work in the United States requires social workers to dedicate increased attentiveness to these types of situations. As such, the connection between social work and political action is undeniable and worthy of further investigation. To do so, two relevant case examples from a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) will be assessed in which guidance from the NASW Code of Ethics, existing approaches, and prior literature will be applied. Th e evaluation of these case examples is intended to inform the decisions of other U.S.- based social workers confronting political disagreement with clients in direct practice work.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76245582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assesses college students’ ideals on safety, dis-tribution, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This research aims to identify trends in student perceptions of ENDS across different majors of study at Purdue University. This will allow us to identify opportu-nities to expand public health education regarding ENDS at Purdue University.
{"title":"Comparison of College Students’ Perspectives of E-cigarette Use and Major of Study","authors":"Parker Woodruff","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1529","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses college students’ ideals on safety, dis-tribution, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This research aims to identify trends in student perceptions of ENDS across different majors of study at Purdue University. This will allow us to identify opportu-nities to expand public health education regarding ENDS at Purdue University.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88888952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies show that the five-year survival rate for women with metastatic (spreading) breast cancer is 28% whereas this number for women with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer is 90%. Therefore, prevention of metastatic formation can be an effective way to reduce the mortality rate for breast cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that supports cancer to spread and is a vital mechanism that has been studied for decades. Through this process, epithelial (less mobile) cells can obtain mesenchymal (migratory) phenotypes to move from its original location to distant organs. Once they reach their destination, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) will happen to help them become epithelial again to attach to the new epithelia. As a key enzyme in fatty acid production, fatty acid synthase (FASN) is increased with EMT induction and overexpressed in distant organ metastasis of breast cancer. As a result of that, we are interested in the influence of FASN in EMT in breast cancer metastasis. Our long-term goal is to develop FASN-targeting medications that can inhibit formation of pulmonary metastases originating from breast cancer cells. To achieve this goal, we will investigate the influence of a lack of FASN in pulmonary metastasis formation in breast cancer murine (mice) models. Our central hypothesis is that FASN is a vital protein for breast cancer metastasis, so a lack of FASN will inhibit the formation of pulmonary metastasis. Through this project, we hope to obtain a deeper understanding of FASN and its role in EMT to provide more options for breast cancer treatments.
{"title":"The Effect of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Depletion in Pulmonary Metastatic Formation in Breast Cancer Murine Models","authors":"Zilin Xianyu","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1549","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies show that the five-year survival rate for women with metastatic (spreading) breast cancer is 28% whereas this number for women with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer is 90%. Therefore, prevention of metastatic formation can be an effective way to reduce the mortality rate for breast cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that supports cancer to spread and is a vital mechanism that has been studied for decades. Through this process, epithelial (less mobile) cells can obtain mesenchymal (migratory) phenotypes to move from its original location to distant organs. Once they reach their destination, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) will happen to help them become epithelial again to attach to the new epithelia. As a key enzyme in fatty acid production, fatty acid synthase (FASN) is increased with EMT induction and overexpressed in distant organ metastasis of breast cancer. As a result of that, we are interested in the influence of FASN in EMT in breast cancer metastasis. Our long-term goal is to develop FASN-targeting medications that can inhibit formation of pulmonary metastases originating from breast cancer cells. To achieve this goal, we will investigate the influence of a lack of FASN in pulmonary metastasis formation in breast cancer murine (mice) models. Our central hypothesis is that FASN is a vital protein for breast cancer metastasis, so a lack of FASN will inhibit the formation of pulmonary metastasis. Through this project, we hope to obtain a deeper understanding of FASN and its role in EMT to provide more options for breast cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light Curve Inversion: Determining the Shape of Human-Made Space Objects","authors":"Liam Robinson","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82480272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this mixed method study, RNs (N = 22) completed the “Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions Scale” (ARMS, based on Mekawi and Todd’s 2018 research) before reading a vignette depicting a Black man in the emergency room. Subsequently, participants responded to three open-ended questions. Results revealed that there was overall low agreement with the ARMS subscales, indicating that the participants were generally unlikely to endorse microaggression; however, the Color Evasion subscale had the greatest agreement (M = 2.701). This suggests a greater adherence to colorblind beliefs and ideology than other forms of microaggression within the sample. The open-ended responses generated three themes: helpfulness, emotional (in)attentiveness, and emergency response. Helpfulness included a desire to assist the patient and obtain the patient’s compliance. Emotional (in)attentiveness was characterized by observations of the patient’s emotions, yet a subsequent lack of acknowledgment of the patient’s feelings. Finally, emergency response encompassed the medical observations and recommendations of the RNs.
{"title":"Microaggression Among Registered Nurses: An Exploratory Study","authors":"Saige M. Addison","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1574","url":null,"abstract":"In this mixed method study, RNs (N = 22) completed the “Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions Scale” (ARMS, based on Mekawi and Todd’s 2018 research) before reading a vignette depicting a Black man in the emergency room. Subsequently, participants responded to three open-ended questions. Results revealed that there was overall low agreement with the ARMS subscales, indicating that the participants were generally unlikely to endorse microaggression; however, the Color Evasion subscale had the greatest agreement (M = 2.701). This suggests a greater adherence to colorblind beliefs and ideology than other forms of microaggression within the sample. The open-ended responses generated three themes: helpfulness, emotional (in)attentiveness, and emergency response. Helpfulness included a desire to assist the patient and obtain the patient’s compliance. Emotional (in)attentiveness was characterized by observations of the patient’s emotions, yet a subsequent lack of acknowledgment of the patient’s feelings. Finally, emergency response encompassed the medical observations and recommendations of the RNs.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72503078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lead (Pb) and atrazine (ATZ) are hazardous environmental toxicants that can exist as a mixture in potable water. Numerous single chemical studies on Pb and ATZ support adverse health outcomes, including neurotoxicity, but mixture studies are limited. Th e aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Pb and ATZ mixtures result in a greater than additive toxicity, causing increased adverse health outcomes than single chemical exposures. Th e zebrafi sh model system was exposed to 3 or 30 ppb (µg/L) ATZ, 10 ppb (equivalent to 0.1 µg/dL) or 100 ppb Pb, along with mixtures of each beginning at 1 hour postfertilization (hpf) and continuing through 120 hpf. A visual motor response behavioral assay was then conducted using the Noldus DanioVision. Th e visual motor response assay tracks locomotor movement over fi ve alternating periods of dark and light. Th e behavior data was analyzed by phase with a repeated measures ANOVA. Th e 10 ppb Pb mixture behavior data showed signifi cant hypoactivity in the 10 ppb Pb, 30 ppb ATZ, 3 ppb ATZ/10 ppb Pb, and 30 ppb ATZ/10 ppb Pb treatments for all parameters in multiple phases ( p < 0.05). Th e 100 ppb Pb mixture behavior data also showed signifi cant hypoactivity in the 100 ppb Pb and 30 ppb ATZ treatment groups, along with hypoactivity in both mixture treatment groups ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the 3 ppb ATZ treatment group had hyperactivity in the third dark phase ( p < 0.05). Th ese data align with past single chemical behavior studies and indicate a greater than additive mixture toxicity. zebrafish model system. Her dissertation has three main components, including predictive mixture modeling, molecular and cerebral vasculature development after mixture exposure, and generation of a disease model of neurodegener-ation using CRISPR- Cas9, a gene- editing technology. model system. These studies are investigating a developmental origin of adult disease pathogenesis with a specific focus on neuroendocrine dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer with a goal of understanding the role of exposure to the environmental chemicals in these adverse health outcomes. Behavioral Alterations following Exposure to a Mixture of Lead and Atrazine during Early Development in the Zebrafish Model System
{"title":"Behavioral Alterations Following Exposure to a Mixture of Lead and Atrazine During Early Development in the Zebrafish Model System","authors":"Anusha KV Lakshmi Dharmavathi","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1564","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) and atrazine (ATZ) are hazardous environmental toxicants that can exist as a mixture in potable water. Numerous single chemical studies on Pb and ATZ support adverse health outcomes, including neurotoxicity, but mixture studies are limited. Th e aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Pb and ATZ mixtures result in a greater than additive toxicity, causing increased adverse health outcomes than single chemical exposures. Th e zebrafi sh model system was exposed to 3 or 30 ppb (µg/L) ATZ, 10 ppb (equivalent to 0.1 µg/dL) or 100 ppb Pb, along with mixtures of each beginning at 1 hour postfertilization (hpf) and continuing through 120 hpf. A visual motor response behavioral assay was then conducted using the Noldus DanioVision. Th e visual motor response assay tracks locomotor movement over fi ve alternating periods of dark and light. Th e behavior data was analyzed by phase with a repeated measures ANOVA. Th e 10 ppb Pb mixture behavior data showed signifi cant hypoactivity in the 10 ppb Pb, 30 ppb ATZ, 3 ppb ATZ/10 ppb Pb, and 30 ppb ATZ/10 ppb Pb treatments for all parameters in multiple phases ( p < 0.05). Th e 100 ppb Pb mixture behavior data also showed signifi cant hypoactivity in the 100 ppb Pb and 30 ppb ATZ treatment groups, along with hypoactivity in both mixture treatment groups ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the 3 ppb ATZ treatment group had hyperactivity in the third dark phase ( p < 0.05). Th ese data align with past single chemical behavior studies and indicate a greater than additive mixture toxicity. zebrafish model system. Her dissertation has three main components, including predictive mixture modeling, molecular and cerebral vasculature development after mixture exposure, and generation of a disease model of neurodegener-ation using CRISPR- Cas9, a gene- editing technology. model system. These studies are investigating a developmental origin of adult disease pathogenesis with a specific focus on neuroendocrine dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer with a goal of understanding the role of exposure to the environmental chemicals in these adverse health outcomes. Behavioral Alterations following Exposure to a Mixture of Lead and Atrazine during Early Development in the Zebrafish Model System","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73188263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non Ennarabile Textum: Allusive Ekphrasis in Francisco Javier Alegre's Alexandrias","authors":"Shashank Dimri","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1544","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82132482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During this time of heightened awareness of social injustices via Black Lives Matter protests, the #MeToo movement, and the COVID- 19 pandemic, it is important to ensure that teacher preparation curriculum includes attention to knowledge and skills related to social justice issues in education. Th e purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which social justice, diversity, and equity are addressed in the foundational courses of the Purdue Teacher Education Program (PTEP). McDonald (2005) proposed a framework in which social justice is integrated across all experiences (e.g., courses, activities, clinical placements) in a teacher education program. In an analysis of PTEP, we found that each required course referenced social justice, diversity, and/or equity, albeit to varying degrees, including practical applications of knowledge related to these ideas. In her framework, McDonald recommended conceptual and practical tools related to social justice. In PTEP, such tools (e.g., diff erentiation, Universal Design for Learning, culturally responsive teaching) are incorporated across multiple courses through readings and assignments. In this investigation, we used curricular analyses, faculty input, and student experiences to identify the nature of social justice references in the program curricula, and also highlight productive connections that begin in the foundations courses and could be continued into the methods courses later in the program. With a better understanding of the program curricula, personnel can both enhance opportunities in their own courses, as well as capitalize on experiences off ered in other courses.
{"title":"Exploring the Purdue Teacher Education Program: Focus on Diversity, Equity, and Social Justice","authors":"J. Pirrello","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1558","url":null,"abstract":"During this time of heightened awareness of social injustices via Black Lives Matter protests, the #MeToo movement, and the COVID- 19 pandemic, it is important to ensure that teacher preparation curriculum includes attention to knowledge and skills related to social justice issues in education. Th e purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which social justice, diversity, and equity are addressed in the foundational courses of the Purdue Teacher Education Program (PTEP). McDonald (2005) proposed a framework in which social justice is integrated across all experiences (e.g., courses, activities, clinical placements) in a teacher education program. In an analysis of PTEP, we found that each required course referenced social justice, diversity, and/or equity, albeit to varying degrees, including practical applications of knowledge related to these ideas. In her framework, McDonald recommended conceptual and practical tools related to social justice. In PTEP, such tools (e.g., diff erentiation, Universal Design for Learning, culturally responsive teaching) are incorporated across multiple courses through readings and assignments. In this investigation, we used curricular analyses, faculty input, and student experiences to identify the nature of social justice references in the program curricula, and also highlight productive connections that begin in the foundations courses and could be continued into the methods courses later in the program. With a better understanding of the program curricula, personnel can both enhance opportunities in their own courses, as well as capitalize on experiences off ered in other courses.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89021649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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