Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.15.29.7
Madalyd Yurani Vera Peña, Misael Cortés Rodríguez, Francia Elena Valencia-García
Las bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) son microorganismos que se utilizan como cultivos iniciadores o probióticos, los cuales son de interés en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica. La preservación de las BAL por diferentes métodos de secado es un tema que ha cobrado interés debido al aumento en la demanda de estos microorganismos. El secado por atomización es un método eficaz que permite obtener productos a bajo costo, con relación al secado por liofilización el cual es comúnmente utilizado para estos microorganismos. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es presentar de forma organizada los artículos científicos que han sido publicados en procesos de secado por atomización empleando bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL). La metodología utilizada en la búsqueda y selección de los artículos brinda una exploración durante el periodo 2009- 2019. Los resultados de los diferentes artículos consultados se compararon estableciendo las similitudes metodológicas, se discuten los principales microorganismos estudiados, así como los agentes protectores empleados para mejorar la viabilidad durante el secado por atomización, las condiciones y escala de los equipos de secado por atomización y finalmente las características de los productos secos obtenidos. La información aquí compilada brinda unabase para ajustar la metodología de trabajo cuando se propongan procesos de secado por atomización para BAL.
{"title":"Secado por atomización de bacterias ácido lácticas: una revisión","authors":"Madalyd Yurani Vera Peña, Misael Cortés Rodríguez, Francia Elena Valencia-García","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.15.29.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.15.29.7","url":null,"abstract":"Las bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) son microorganismos que se utilizan como cultivos iniciadores o probióticos, los cuales son de interés en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica. La preservación de las BAL por diferentes métodos de secado es un tema que ha cobrado interés debido al aumento en la demanda de estos microorganismos. El secado por atomización es un método eficaz que permite obtener productos a bajo costo, con relación al secado por liofilización el cual es comúnmente utilizado para estos microorganismos. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es presentar de forma organizada los artículos científicos que han sido publicados en procesos de secado por atomización empleando bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL). La metodología utilizada en la búsqueda y selección de los artículos brinda una exploración durante el periodo 2009- 2019. Los resultados de los diferentes artículos consultados se compararon estableciendo las similitudes metodológicas, se discuten los principales microorganismos estudiados, así como los agentes protectores empleados para mejorar la viabilidad durante el secado por atomización, las condiciones y escala de los equipos de secado por atomización y finalmente las características de los productos secos obtenidos. La información aquí compilada brinda unabase para ajustar la metodología de trabajo cuando se propongan procesos de secado por atomización para BAL.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-23DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.3
J. H. Arias, H. Martínez, L. Sepúlveda, Olga Vasilieva
El dengue es una infección viral transmitida por la hembra del mosquito Aedes aegypti que se presenta en todas las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta. En Cali, Colombia, a pesar de los controles que las autoridades de salud dicen estar haciendo, durante el año 2013, se reportaron más de 9.000 casos de dengue, de los cuales algunos han sido graves y otros han llegado a ser letales. Para la transmisión del virus del dengue, los modelos matemáticos que simulan la dinámica de la población infectada, bien sea de humanos, de mosquitos o de ambos, permiten una buena comprensión de la dinámica del virus, por lo que son una excelente herramienta para el seguimiento y control de la enfermedad causada por ellos. Sin embargo, para que esta herramienta sea realmente útil en casos concretos, los modelos deben ser ajustados a las características particulares de la región donde se quieren utilizar. En este artículo, queremos presentar el ajuste de dos modelos matemáticos al área urbana de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Inicialmente, con base en el comportamiento natural del mosquito Aedes aegypti en una región como el área de interés, estimamos algunos de los parámetros de los modelos, teniendo en cuenta la literatura existente sobre este tema. Posteriormente, estimamos el resto de parámetros como la solución de mínimos cuadrados que mejor ajusta los resultados de los modelos a los datos de los casos reportados de dengue, según la Secretaria Municipal de Salud de Cali, durante el año 2010.
{"title":"Estimación de los parámetros de dos modelos para la dinámica del dengue y su vector en Cali, Colombia","authors":"J. H. Arias, H. Martínez, L. Sepúlveda, Olga Vasilieva","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.3","url":null,"abstract":"El dengue es una infección viral transmitida por la hembra del mosquito Aedes aegypti que se presenta en todas las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta. En Cali, Colombia, a pesar de los controles que las autoridades de salud dicen estar haciendo, durante el año 2013, se reportaron más de 9.000 casos de dengue, de los cuales algunos han sido graves y otros han llegado a ser letales. Para la transmisión del virus del dengue, los modelos matemáticos que simulan la dinámica de la población infectada, bien sea de humanos, de mosquitos o de ambos, permiten una buena comprensión de la dinámica del virus, por lo que son una excelente herramienta para el seguimiento y control de la enfermedad causada por ellos. Sin embargo, para que esta herramienta sea realmente útil en casos concretos, los modelos deben ser ajustados a las características particulares de la región donde se quieren utilizar. En este artículo, queremos presentar el ajuste de dos modelos matemáticos al área urbana de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Inicialmente, con base en el comportamiento natural del mosquito Aedes aegypti en una región como el área de interés, estimamos algunos de los parámetros de los modelos, teniendo en cuenta la literatura existente sobre este tema. Posteriormente, estimamos el resto de parámetros como la solución de mínimos cuadrados que mejor ajusta los resultados de los modelos a los datos de los casos reportados de dengue, según la Secretaria Municipal de Salud de Cali, durante el año 2010.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-23DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.5
Juliana Giraldo-Arias, Santiago Celis-Zapata, Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra, Juan José Arroyave-Toro, Claudia Jaramillo-Mazo, Javier Correa-Álvarez
The cultivation of sugarcane represents an important part in the Colombian economy due to the diverse applications in industries like liquor, food, paper and biofuels. Sugarcane worldwide production is affected by the presence of phytopathogenic agents, mainly filamentous fungi such as Physalospora tucumanensis (red rot disease) and Fusarium spp. To date in Colombia, Pokka boheng disease whose causal agent is the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, has not been reported, which is why it is necessary to identify appropriately this microorganism, responsible for losses in productivity and food contamination. In order to isolate and identify the infectious agent from symptomatic tissues, disinfection and culture in liquid and solid culture mediums were performed in malt extract (2%) and yeast extract (0.2%) both liquid and solid, for 7 days. After several replicates in agar plate, a purification was made along with a morphological characterization based on the shape and color of the mycelium, as well as the type of spores generated. Additionally, the genetic material was extracted and gene markers (ITS, Elongation Factor 1-α (EF) and β-Tubulin (Btub)) were amplified by PCR. Then, DNA sequencing was used to obtain the data to make a phylogenetic reconstruction by probabilistic methods (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference). The isolated strain, named as EA-FP0013 was located in the Fujikuroi complex group, with high probable identity to Fusarium verticillioides. Thus, early and species-specific identification of these fungal isolates by molecular methods may allow the timely diagnosis of emerging pathophysiological diseases of interest in the region, and thus propose the respective control strategies.
{"title":"Identification of Fusarium cf. Verticillioides as The Causal Agent of Pokka Boheng Disease in Sugarcane in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia","authors":"Juliana Giraldo-Arias, Santiago Celis-Zapata, Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra, Juan José Arroyave-Toro, Claudia Jaramillo-Mazo, Javier Correa-Álvarez","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.5","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of sugarcane represents an important part in the Colombian economy due to the diverse applications in industries like liquor, food, paper and biofuels. Sugarcane worldwide production is affected by the presence of phytopathogenic agents, mainly filamentous fungi such as Physalospora tucumanensis (red rot disease) and Fusarium spp. To date in Colombia, Pokka boheng disease whose causal agent is the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, has not been reported, which is why it is necessary to identify appropriately this microorganism, responsible for losses in productivity and food contamination. In order to isolate and identify the infectious agent from symptomatic tissues, disinfection and culture in liquid and solid culture mediums were performed in malt extract (2%) and yeast extract (0.2%) both liquid and solid, for 7 days. After several replicates in agar plate, a purification was made along with a morphological characterization based on the shape and color of the mycelium, as well as the type of spores generated. Additionally, the genetic material was extracted and gene markers (ITS, Elongation Factor 1-α (EF) and β-Tubulin (Btub)) were amplified by PCR. Then, DNA sequencing was used to obtain the data to make a phylogenetic reconstruction by probabilistic methods (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference). The isolated strain, named as EA-FP0013 was located in the Fujikuroi complex group, with high probable identity to Fusarium verticillioides. Thus, early and species-specific identification of these fungal isolates by molecular methods may allow the timely diagnosis of emerging pathophysiological diseases of interest in the region, and thus propose the respective control strategies.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45799437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-23DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.4
Simón Robledo-Cardona, S. Ramírez-Hincapié, Javier Correa-Álvarez
In animal production, probiotics seek to replace the use of antibiotics, while diminishing mortality and morbidity rates to raise productivity. Probiotics constitute a natural alternative that, in contrast with antibiotics, neither produces pathogen resistance, nor leaves chemical residues in the final product. Several bacteria, including some belonging to the genus Lactobacillus have been described as probiotics with high potential. A non-invasive bioprospecting protocol aimed for the isolation and characterization of lactobacilli from chicken feces was established. Fecal samples were collected from the ground. These were diluted and cultured in LAB selective medium. Colonies were identified by three methods: Gram stain, MALDI-TOF MS and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. An initial probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolates was determined via antagonism tests using five enteropathogen reference strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas spp. and Salmonella spp. 24 isolates belonging to four Lactobacillus species were identified by MALDITOF MS. BLAST of 16S rRNA gene of eight randomly selected isolates, confirmed MALDI-TOF MS identification. Five of these eight isolates inhibited the growth of at least one of the pathogenic strains used, three isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum and two of Lactobacillus salivarius. Our protocol achieved 21 lactobacilli per 100 isolates performance, greatly surpassing the normal percentage of lactobacilli in chicken gut microbiome, that so, its implementation would facilitate the isolation and identification of new probiotic strains from feces.
{"title":"Implementation of a Non-Invasive Bioprospecting Protocol for Isolation of Lactobacillus from Feces of Hens Under Foraging Conditions","authors":"Simón Robledo-Cardona, S. Ramírez-Hincapié, Javier Correa-Álvarez","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.4","url":null,"abstract":"In animal production, probiotics seek to replace the use of antibiotics, while diminishing mortality and morbidity rates to raise productivity. Probiotics constitute a natural alternative that, in contrast with antibiotics, neither produces pathogen resistance, nor leaves chemical residues in the final product. Several bacteria, including some belonging to the genus Lactobacillus have been described as probiotics with high potential. A non-invasive bioprospecting protocol aimed for the isolation and characterization of lactobacilli from chicken feces was established. Fecal samples were collected from the ground. These were diluted and cultured in LAB selective medium. Colonies were identified by three methods: Gram stain, MALDI-TOF MS and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. An initial probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolates was determined via antagonism tests using five enteropathogen reference strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas spp. and Salmonella spp. 24 isolates belonging to four Lactobacillus species were identified by MALDITOF MS. BLAST of 16S rRNA gene of eight randomly selected isolates, confirmed MALDI-TOF MS identification. Five of these eight isolates inhibited the growth of at least one of the pathogenic strains used, three isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum and two of Lactobacillus salivarius. Our protocol achieved 21 lactobacilli per 100 isolates performance, greatly surpassing the normal percentage of lactobacilli in chicken gut microbiome, that so, its implementation would facilitate the isolation and identification of new probiotic strains from feces.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41500566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-23DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.14.28.2
Cristian Camilo López Velandia
Se evaluaron las características hidroquímicas de una cuenca intramontana, ubicada en la Sabana de Bogotá, usando indicadores y métodos estadísticos, basados en los datos fisicoquímicos de 10 pozos de monitoreo obtenidos durante dos campañas de muestreo realizadas en el año 2014, para determinar las características hidroquímicas generadas por la interacción agua/sedimento del acuífero y determinar las condiciones de calidad del agua subterránea. Para ello, (1) se aplicaron indicadores hidroquímicos para evaluar los procesos de interacción entre el agua y la matriz sedimentaria del acuífero, corroborados mediante (2) la aplicación del análisis de componentes principales, que develó asociaciones fuertes entre las variables (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42- y HCO3-), y la influencia de las variables T, pH y STD en los procesos hidroquímicos que gobiernan el acuífero, además (3) se analizaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos, comparándolos con la normatividad ambiental colombiana para consumo humano y para riego. Como resultados, se determinó que en la matriz agua-sedimento, se suscitan procesos de intercambio catiónico reverso y meteorización de los minerales presentes en las formaciones que conforman el acuífero analizado, así mismo, que las muestras de agua obtenidas no presentan características de calidad que permita su uso para riego o consumo humano.
{"title":"Análisis de las características fisicoquímicas del agua subterránea de la cuenca del río chicú, Colombia, usando indicadores hidroquímicos y estadística multivariante","authors":"Cristian Camilo López Velandia","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.14.28.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.14.28.2","url":null,"abstract":"Se evaluaron las características hidroquímicas de una cuenca intramontana, ubicada en la Sabana de Bogotá, usando indicadores y métodos estadísticos, basados en los datos fisicoquímicos de 10 pozos de monitoreo obtenidos durante dos campañas de muestreo realizadas en el año 2014, para determinar las características hidroquímicas generadas por la interacción agua/sedimento del acuífero y determinar las condiciones de calidad del agua subterránea. Para ello, (1) se aplicaron indicadores hidroquímicos para evaluar los procesos de interacción entre el agua y la matriz sedimentaria del acuífero, corroborados mediante (2) la aplicación del análisis de componentes principales, que develó asociaciones fuertes entre las variables (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42- y HCO3-), y la influencia de las variables T, pH y STD en los procesos hidroquímicos que gobiernan el acuífero, además (3) se analizaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos, comparándolos con la normatividad ambiental colombiana para consumo humano y para riego. Como resultados, se determinó que en la matriz agua-sedimento, se suscitan procesos de intercambio catiónico reverso y meteorización de los minerales presentes en las formaciones que conforman el acuífero analizado, así mismo, que las muestras de agua obtenidas no presentan características de calidad que permita su uso para riego o consumo humano.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41399283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.7
D. Villanueva-Mejía
Colombia is currently one of the most promising countries with regard to its potential for agricultural development and for generating food supply for current and future human generations. This is owing to factors such as availability of land, water, topographical diversity, as well as political factors. Nevertheless, Colombia will reach this full potential if it adopts available technologies that can meet the current global challenges faced by the agriculture in the 21st century: among others, world population growth, increase in average life expectancy, high degree of malnutrition, climate change, wrong agricultural practices. Here is presented how modern biotechnology is an important ally as a wide range of technologies and innovative systems can be applied where they are most needed: for increasing cultivation productivity, resisting both biotic and abiotic factors, and ensuring food safety. In this study is showed evidence with regard to significant benefits of adopting biotechnological crops to contribute to food safety and how they are already being implemented in both developed and developing countries. Using modern technology, there are open opportunities for the country in search of circular bio-based economy, strengthen its food sovereignty and to serve as an agricultural breadbasket to Latin America and the World.
{"title":"Modern Biotechnology for Agricultural Development in Colombia","authors":"D. Villanueva-Mejía","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.7","url":null,"abstract":"Colombia is currently one of the most promising countries with regard to its potential for agricultural development and for generating food supply for current and future human generations. This is owing to factors such as availability of land, water, topographical diversity, as well as political factors. Nevertheless, Colombia will reach this full potential if it adopts available technologies that can meet the current global challenges faced by the agriculture in the 21st century: among others, world population growth, increase in average life expectancy, high degree of malnutrition, climate change, wrong agricultural practices. Here is presented how modern biotechnology is an important ally as a wide range of technologies and innovative systems can be applied where they are most needed: for increasing cultivation productivity, resisting both biotic and abiotic factors, and ensuring food safety. In this study is showed evidence with regard to significant benefits of adopting biotechnological crops to contribute to food safety and how they are already being implemented in both developed and developing countries. Using modern technology, there are open opportunities for the country in search of circular bio-based economy, strengthen its food sovereignty and to serve as an agricultural breadbasket to Latin America and the World.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49396035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.1
A. G. Rosales, C. D. Rodríguez, M. Ballén-Segura
Las aguas residuales de curtiembres conllevan un problema ambiental y de salud, debido a las altas concentraciones de contaminantes como el cromo, sulfuros, entre otros. Una forma de realizar el tratamiento de estas aguas es por medio del uso de microorganismos tales como las microalgas, debido a su capacidad de utilizar los compuestos inorgánicos y acumular metales y otras sustancias contaminantes. Esta capacidad podría verse magnificada con la inmovilización celular en diferentes matrices. En este artículo se presenta una evaluación de la capacidad de crecimiento y de remoción de nitrógeno, fósforo y cromo por parte de la microalga Scenedesmus sp., comparando la eficiencia entre las células libres e inmovilizadas en una matriz de esponja de Luffa. De esta manera, se obtuvo un mayor crecimiento en las células libres en comparación a las inmovilizadas, aunque sin diferencias significativas entre ambos experimentos. En ambos casos se observaron remociones superiores al 90% para NO–3 , NH+4, PO34 y cromo total, así como una reducción importante de la DBO y DQO (> 97 %) que puede deberse a efecto sinérgico con las bacterias presentes en los cultivos de la microalga. Finalmente, los porcentajes de lípidos en ambos casos fueron superiores al 20% indicando que esta biomasa podría presentar un alto potencial como materia prima para la generación de biodiesel.
{"title":"Remoción de contaminantes y crecimiento del alga Scenedesmus sp. en aguas residuales de curtiembres, comparación entre células libres e inmovilizadas","authors":"A. G. Rosales, C. D. Rodríguez, M. Ballén-Segura","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.1","url":null,"abstract":"Las aguas residuales de curtiembres conllevan un problema ambiental y de salud, debido a las altas concentraciones de contaminantes como el cromo, sulfuros, entre otros. Una forma de realizar el tratamiento de estas aguas es por medio del uso de microorganismos tales como las microalgas, debido a su capacidad de utilizar los compuestos inorgánicos y acumular metales y otras sustancias contaminantes. Esta capacidad podría verse magnificada con la inmovilización celular en diferentes matrices. En este artículo se presenta una evaluación de la capacidad de crecimiento y de remoción de nitrógeno, fósforo y cromo por parte de la microalga Scenedesmus sp., comparando la eficiencia entre las células libres e inmovilizadas en una matriz de esponja de Luffa. De esta manera, se obtuvo un mayor crecimiento en las células libres en comparación a las inmovilizadas, aunque sin diferencias significativas entre ambos experimentos. En ambos casos se observaron remociones superiores al 90% para NO–3 , NH+4, PO34 y cromo total, así como una reducción importante de la DBO y DQO (> 97 %) que puede deberse a efecto sinérgico con las bacterias presentes en los cultivos de la microalga. Finalmente, los porcentajes de lípidos en ambos casos fueron superiores al 20% indicando que esta biomasa podría presentar un alto potencial como materia prima para la generación de biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48389807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-14DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.13.27.3
H. D. Ortiz, R. Diego, L. DoraM.Ballesteros
In terms of digital evidence, images of a crime scene play an important role in a legal process; therefore it is essential to guarantee their chain of custody. If the image is tampered with operations such as cropping, duplicity or blurring of objects, there must be a mechanism that identifies the existence of such manipulation. In this paper, a solution to the chain of custody based on a technique known as watermarking is proposed. In order to validate the sensitivity and effectiveness of the proposed system, six classes of manipulations are applied to watermarked images; finding a high sensitivity to small manipulations (e.g 0.25% of the image size), since in all cases the manipulation was identified. With the proposed solution, legal authority can rely on the chain of custody of the digital evidence.
{"title":"Tampering Detection on Digital Evidence for Forensics Purposes","authors":"H. D. Ortiz, R. Diego, L. DoraM.Ballesteros","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.13.27.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.13.27.3","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of digital evidence, images of a crime scene play an important role in a legal process; therefore it is essential to guarantee their chain of custody. If the image is tampered with operations such as cropping, duplicity or blurring of objects, there must be a mechanism that identifies the existence of such manipulation. In this paper, a solution to the chain of custody based on a technique known as watermarking is proposed. In order to validate the sensitivity and effectiveness of the proposed system, six classes of manipulations are applied to watermarked images; finding a high sensitivity to small manipulations (e.g 0.25% of the image size), since in all cases the manipulation was identified. With the proposed solution, legal authority can rely on the chain of custody of the digital evidence.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":"53-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49340808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-14DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.13.27.7
R. Marín, J. C. Guzmán-Martínez, H. Carvajal, E. García-Aristizabal, Juan Diego Cadavid-Arango, Paulina Agudelo-Vallejo
In this paper an assessment of the hazard, the vulnerability and the risk associated with shallow landslides in a watershed of the Valle de Aburra is carried out. The TRIGRS model with a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of failure in the watershed using water table depth as the trigger factor is implemented, which allows the assessment of the hazard along with its annual probability of occurrence. Additionally, a quantitative model for physical vulnerability of structures which takes into account landslide intensity and resistance of exposed elements is used. The annual risk is estimated for a house of the study site as the product of the hazard and the damage costs due to the occurrence of the catastrophic event, which considers vulnerability. The methodology used focuses on the shallow landslide occurred on October 26, 2016 on a slope within the study site, which affected the house that is being analyzed.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Shallow Landslides for Infrastructure Projects: Analysis of the Case of a Landslide in the El Cabuyal Zone","authors":"R. Marín, J. C. Guzmán-Martínez, H. Carvajal, E. García-Aristizabal, Juan Diego Cadavid-Arango, Paulina Agudelo-Vallejo","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.13.27.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.13.27.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an assessment of the hazard, the vulnerability and the risk associated with shallow landslides in a watershed of the Valle de Aburra is carried out. The TRIGRS model with a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of failure in the watershed using water table depth as the trigger factor is implemented, which allows the assessment of the hazard along with its annual probability of occurrence. Additionally, a quantitative model for physical vulnerability of structures which takes into account landslide intensity and resistance of exposed elements is used. The annual risk is estimated for a house of the study site as the product of the hazard and the damage costs due to the occurrence of the catastrophic event, which considers vulnerability. The methodology used focuses on the shallow landslide occurred on October 26, 2016 on a slope within the study site, which affected the house that is being analyzed.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"14 1","pages":"153-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.27.4
Ana-Lorena Uribe-Hurtado, M. Orozco-Alzate, Eduardo-José Villegas-Jaramillo
In this paper we present the parallelization of the leave-one-out test: areproducible test that is, in general, computationally expensive. Paral-lelization was implemented on multi-core multi-threaded architectures, us-ing the Flynn Single Instruction Multiple Data taxonomy. This techniquewas used for the preprocessing and processing stages of two classificationalgorithms that are oriented to enrich the representation in small samplecases: the nearest feature line (NFL) algorithm and the rectified nearestfeature line segment (RNFLS) algorithm. Results show an accelerationof up to 18.17 times with the smallest dataset and 29.91 times with thelargest one, using the most costly algorithm (RNFLS) whose complexityisO(n4). The paper also shows the pseudo-codes of the serial and parallel algorithms using, in the latter case, a notation that describes the way theparallelization was carried out as a function of the threads.
{"title":"Leave-one-out evaluation of the nearest feature line and the rectified nearest feature line segment classifiers using Multi-core architectures","authors":"Ana-Lorena Uribe-Hurtado, M. Orozco-Alzate, Eduardo-José Villegas-Jaramillo","doi":"10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.27.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.27.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the parallelization of the leave-one-out test: areproducible test that is, in general, computationally expensive. Paral-lelization was implemented on multi-core multi-threaded architectures, us-ing the Flynn Single Instruction Multiple Data taxonomy. This techniquewas used for the preprocessing and processing stages of two classificationalgorithms that are oriented to enrich the representation in small samplecases: the nearest feature line (NFL) algorithm and the rectified nearestfeature line segment (RNFLS) algorithm. Results show an accelerationof up to 18.17 times with the smallest dataset and 29.91 times with thelargest one, using the most costly algorithm (RNFLS) whose complexityisO(n4). The paper also shows the pseudo-codes of the serial and parallel algorithms using, in the latter case, a notation that describes the way theparallelization was carried out as a function of the threads.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43595131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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