Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.5
Eliana Romero-Salcedo, Sandra Manosalva-Sánchez, Wilson Naranjo-Merchán, Oscar Garcia-Cabrejo, M. Bermúdez, Juan Gómez-Neita
This study developed a theoretical model for the determination of the Coke Anisotropy Quotient (CAQ) of semi-coke from the properties of its precursor coal. This is an useful parameter to define the resistance and reactivity of semi-coke in the blast furnace. For 36 semi-coke samples, a textural analysis was performed alongside a fluidity test to determine the real CAQ. The main textures observed were: isotropic and circular for high volatile bituminous coals (HVB); lenticular and fine ribbons for the medium volatile bituminous coals (MVB); and medium and thick ribbons for the low volatile bituminous coals (LVB). The CAQ varied in a range from 1 to 11. A principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple regression to discriminate the importance of certain coal properties, in determining the CAQ to be recognized and to estimate parameters of the mathematical model. The statistical analysis suggested that CAQ can be best predicted from the fluidity, volatile matter, and Ro of the parent coals. The veracity of this model result was then tested using a second dataset from Poland. This work optimizes the usefulness of standard datasets in the prediction of CAQ's offering a means of quality control that could be implemented in Colombian coke production.
{"title":"A Predictive Model for the Anisotropy Index of Semi-Coke Derived from the Properties of Colombia's Eastern Cordillera Coals","authors":"Eliana Romero-Salcedo, Sandra Manosalva-Sánchez, Wilson Naranjo-Merchán, Oscar Garcia-Cabrejo, M. Bermúdez, Juan Gómez-Neita","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a theoretical model for the determination of the Coke Anisotropy Quotient (CAQ) of semi-coke from the properties of its precursor coal. This is an useful parameter to define the resistance and reactivity of semi-coke in the blast furnace. For 36 semi-coke samples, a textural analysis was performed alongside a fluidity test to determine the real CAQ. The main textures observed were: isotropic and circular for high volatile bituminous coals (HVB); lenticular and fine ribbons for the medium volatile bituminous coals (MVB); and medium and thick ribbons for the low volatile bituminous coals (LVB). The CAQ varied in a range from 1 to 11. A principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple regression to discriminate the importance of certain coal properties, in determining the CAQ to be recognized and to estimate parameters of the mathematical model. The statistical analysis suggested that CAQ can be best predicted from the fluidity, volatile matter, and Ro of the parent coals. The veracity of this model result was then tested using a second dataset from Poland. This work optimizes the usefulness of standard datasets in the prediction of CAQ's offering a means of quality control that could be implemented in Colombian coke production.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"16 1","pages":"109-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47100743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.7
Michael Puentes, Irene Arroyo Delgado, Oscar Carrillo, H. CarlosJBarrios, Frédéric Le Mouël
Natural or human-made disasters could do huge damage in urban areas and eventually could take lives. It is fundamental to get knowledge of the event’s characteristics to dispose of hasty information to help affected people or to prevent all the citizens from the danger zone, and then it will get time to respond to the crisis. Internet of Things (IoT) has a big impact on this kind of situation because a large amount of data through different devices could provide information about the situation, and about the people that are involved in the crisis. In a disaster, one 1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, michael.puentes@correo.uis.edu.co, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), irene.ad97@gmail.com, Madrid, España. 3 CPE Lyon, oscar.carrillo@cpe.fr, Lyon, France. 4 Universidad Industrial de Santander, cbarrios@uis.edu.co, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 5 INSA Lyon, frederic.le-mouel@insa-lyon.fr, Lyon, France. Universidad EAFIT 151| Towards Smart-City Implementation for Crisis Management in Fast-Growing and Unplanned Cities: The Colombian Scenario of the big problems adding to the principal crisis is the disinformation, for that reason is necessary to have available and trusty data in case of disaster, also to know the data that provided the information system. To inform the affected people around the crisis event, there is exist some previous works that have used data from sensors, social networks text, or images, to finally be processed [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8]. This paper aims to review study-cases where cities implement crisis management platforms, focus on IoT environment where applications use hybrid data to be processed to help citizens in a crisis situation.
{"title":"Towards Smart-City Implementation for Crisis Management in Fast-Growing and Unplanned Cities: the Colombian Scenario","authors":"Michael Puentes, Irene Arroyo Delgado, Oscar Carrillo, H. CarlosJBarrios, Frédéric Le Mouël","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.7","url":null,"abstract":"Natural or human-made disasters could do huge damage in urban areas and eventually could take lives. It is fundamental to get knowledge of the event’s characteristics to dispose of hasty information to help affected people or to prevent all the citizens from the danger zone, and then it will get time to respond to the crisis. Internet of Things (IoT) has a big impact on this kind of situation because a large amount of data through different devices could provide information about the situation, and about the people that are involved in the crisis. In a disaster, one 1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, michael.puentes@correo.uis.edu.co, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), irene.ad97@gmail.com, Madrid, España. 3 CPE Lyon, oscar.carrillo@cpe.fr, Lyon, France. 4 Universidad Industrial de Santander, cbarrios@uis.edu.co, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 5 INSA Lyon, frederic.le-mouel@insa-lyon.fr, Lyon, France. Universidad EAFIT 151| Towards Smart-City Implementation for Crisis Management in Fast-Growing and Unplanned Cities: The Colombian Scenario of the big problems adding to the principal crisis is the disinformation, for that reason is necessary to have available and trusty data in case of disaster, also to know the data that provided the information system. To inform the affected people around the crisis event, there is exist some previous works that have used data from sensors, social networks text, or images, to finally be processed [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8]. This paper aims to review study-cases where cities implement crisis management platforms, focus on IoT environment where applications use hybrid data to be processed to help citizens in a crisis situation.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"16 1","pages":"151-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.8
Diego Zuluaga
This paper presents the answer to the cybersecurity challenges faced by the centralization of the electric power generation control in the second company of this type in Colombia. Likewise, it describes the main cybersecurity practices that were investigated, analyzed and implemented to establish and maintain a safe environment for operations, which allow facing the risks of cyberattacks on this essential service to the society. It presents the methodologies and technical measures that should have been considered in the different stages of the project to prevent cyberattacks from being effective, to identify them in a timely manner and to achieve the resilience of the supervision and control systems that were used and tested in this environment. It also shows how these results were used as a contribution to the evolution of Colombian national electric sector regulations on the subject and how they can serve as a basis for improvements to regulation and cybersecurity for other agents in the electricity sector in the country and the region.
{"title":"Ciberseguridad para la operación centralizada y distribuida de generación de energía eléctrica en ISAGEN","authors":"Diego Zuluaga","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the answer to the cybersecurity challenges faced by the centralization of the electric power generation control in the second company of this type in Colombia. Likewise, it describes the main cybersecurity practices that were investigated, analyzed and implemented to establish and maintain a safe environment for operations, which allow facing the risks of cyberattacks on this essential service to the society. It presents the methodologies and technical measures that should have been considered in the different stages of the project to prevent cyberattacks from being effective, to identify them in a timely manner and to achieve the resilience of the supervision and control systems that were used and tested in this environment. It also shows how these results were used as a contribution to the evolution of Colombian national electric sector regulations on the subject and how they can serve as a basis for improvements to regulation and cybersecurity for other agents in the electricity sector in the country and the region.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"16 1","pages":"171-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47031338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.2
M. Bastidas, B. López-Rodríguez, M. Osorio
We propose a standard hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to solve a classic problem in fluids mechanics: Darcy’s law. This model describes the behavior of a fluid trough a porous medium and it is relevant to the flow patterns on the macro scale. Here we present the theoretical results of existence and uniqueness of the weak and discontinuous solution of the second order elliptic equation, as well as the predicted convergence order of the HDG method. We highlight the use and implementation of Dubiner polynomial basis functions that allow us to develop a general and efficient high order numerical approximation. We also show some numerical examples that validate the theoretical results.
{"title":"A High-Order HDG Method with Dubiner Basis for Elliptic Flow Problems","authors":"M. Bastidas, B. López-Rodríguez, M. Osorio","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.2","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a standard hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to solve a classic problem in fluids mechanics: Darcy’s law. This model describes the behavior of a fluid trough a porous medium and it is relevant to the flow patterns on the macro scale. Here we present the theoretical results of existence and uniqueness of the weak and discontinuous solution of the second order elliptic equation, as well as the predicted convergence order of the HDG method. We highlight the use and implementation of Dubiner polynomial basis functions that allow us to develop a general and efficient high order numerical approximation. We also show some numerical examples that validate the theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49342249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.6
Andrés F Jaramillo-Rueda, Laura Y Vargas-Pacheco, Carlos A. Fajardo
Atrial Fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia, which is characterized by an abnormal heartbeat rhythm that can be life-threatening. Recently, researchers have proposed several Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect Atrial Fibrillation. CNNs have high requirements on computing and memory resources, which usually demand the use of High Performance Computing (eg, GPUs). This high energy demand is a challenge for portable devices. Therefore, efficient hardware implementations are required. We propose a computational architecture for the inference of a Quantized Convolutional Neural Network (Q-CNN) that allows the detection of the Atrial Fibrillation (AF). The architecture exploits data-level parallelism by incorporating SIMD-based vector units, which is optimized in terms of computation and storage and also optimized to perform both the convolutional and fully connected layers. The computational architecture was implemented and tested in a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. We present 1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, af_jaramillo@outlook.com , Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, lauvapacheco@gmail.com, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander, cafajar@uis.edu.co, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Universidad EAFIT 135| A Computational Architecture for Inference of a Quantized-CNN for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation the experimental results regarding the quantization process in a different number of bits, hardware resources, and precision. The results show an accuracy of 94% accuracy for 22-bits. This work aims to be the basis for the future implementation of a portable, low-cost, and high-reliability device for the diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation.
{"title":"A Computational Architecture for Inference of a Quantized-CNN for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation","authors":"Andrés F Jaramillo-Rueda, Laura Y Vargas-Pacheco, Carlos A. Fajardo","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.6","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial Fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia, which is characterized by an abnormal heartbeat rhythm that can be life-threatening. Recently, researchers have proposed several Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect Atrial Fibrillation. CNNs have high requirements on computing and memory resources, which usually demand the use of High Performance Computing (eg, GPUs). This high energy demand is a challenge for portable devices. Therefore, efficient hardware implementations are required. We propose a computational architecture for the inference of a Quantized Convolutional Neural Network (Q-CNN) that allows the detection of the Atrial Fibrillation (AF). The architecture exploits data-level parallelism by incorporating SIMD-based vector units, which is optimized in terms of computation and storage and also optimized to perform both the convolutional and fully connected layers. The computational architecture was implemented and tested in a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. We present 1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, af_jaramillo@outlook.com , Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, lauvapacheco@gmail.com, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander, cafajar@uis.edu.co, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Universidad EAFIT 135| A Computational Architecture for Inference of a Quantized-CNN for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation the experimental results regarding the quantization process in a different number of bits, hardware resources, and precision. The results show an accuracy of 94% accuracy for 22-bits. This work aims to be the basis for the future implementation of a portable, low-cost, and high-reliability device for the diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"16 1","pages":"135-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.9
E. Pérez
In this paper, we present a nonlinear mathematical model, describing the spread of high-risk alcohol consumption behavior among college students in Colombia. We proved the existence and stability of the alcohol-free and drinking state equilibrium by means of Lyapunov function and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Also, we apply optimal control to study the impact of a preventive measure on the spread of drinking behavior among college students. Finally, we use numerical simulations and available data provided by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Colombian Ministry of Justice to validate the obtained mathematical model.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of the Spread of Alcoholism Among Colombian College Students","authors":"E. Pérez","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a nonlinear mathematical model, describing the spread of high-risk alcohol consumption behavior among college students in Colombia. We proved the existence and stability of the alcohol-free and drinking state equilibrium by means of Lyapunov function and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Also, we apply optimal control to study the impact of a preventive measure on the spread of drinking behavior among college students. Finally, we use numerical simulations and available data provided by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Colombian Ministry of Justice to validate the obtained mathematical model.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"16 1","pages":"195-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46653960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.4
L. Niño-Álvarez, Jeffrey Guevara-Corzo, O. Begambre-Carrillo
Resumen El diseño de estructuras metálicas tipo cercha es un problema frecuente en la ingeniería civil, que requiere de la experiencia del ingeniero diseñador para lograr una solución estructural con buen desempeño y que pueda satisfacer las necesidades establecidas. En los últimos años, el diseño de estos sistemas ha sido soportado mediante la aplicación de diversos métodos de optimización, que permiten obtener soluciones óptimas, dando cumplimiento a los objetivos de diseño propuestos, de forma automática y en un menor tiempo de trabajo. Esta investigación presenta la aplicación de una serie de algoritmos metaheurísticos multiobjetivo para el diseño automático de cerchas de gran escala. Se aplicaron los algoritmos NSGA-II, MOPSO y AMOSA, y se consideraron estructuras
{"title":"Diseño automático de cerchas de gran escala: una comparación entre algoritmos libres de derivadas","authors":"L. Niño-Álvarez, Jeffrey Guevara-Corzo, O. Begambre-Carrillo","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.4","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El diseño de estructuras metálicas tipo cercha es un problema frecuente en la ingeniería civil, que requiere de la experiencia del ingeniero diseñador para lograr una solución estructural con buen desempeño y que pueda satisfacer las necesidades establecidas. En los últimos años, el diseño de estos sistemas ha sido soportado mediante la aplicación de diversos métodos de optimización, que permiten obtener soluciones óptimas, dando cumplimiento a los objetivos de diseño propuestos, de forma automática y en un menor tiempo de trabajo. Esta investigación presenta la aplicación de una serie de algoritmos metaheurísticos multiobjetivo para el diseño automático de cerchas de gran escala. Se aplicaron los algoritmos NSGA-II, MOPSO y AMOSA, y se consideraron estructuras","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"16 1","pages":"83-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41864300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.1
D. K. Nagar, E. Zarrazola, Jessica Serna-Morales
A new bivariate beta distribution based on the Humbert’s confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind is introduced. Various representations are derived for its product moments, marginal densities, marginal moments, conditional densities and entropies.
{"title":"Generalized Bivariate Kummer-Beta Distribution","authors":"D. K. Nagar, E. Zarrazola, Jessica Serna-Morales","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.1","url":null,"abstract":"A new bivariate beta distribution based on the Humbert’s confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind is introduced. Various representations are derived for its product moments, marginal densities, marginal moments, conditional densities and entropies.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45493600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.3
Allex E Álvarez-Lugo, Evelyn Ovalles, O. Reyes-Ortiz
The paving-heavy crude oils (PHCO) are natural cut-back asphalts composed by a high content of asphalt cement and a portion of solvents. These materials have been used in Colombia since the 90’s to improve low volume traffic roads. The existence of solvents in the PHCO allows mixing it with the aggregates in cold conditions. Then, before compaction, these asphalt mixtures require a curing process (i.e., process of partial loss of solvents from the PHCO) to ensure its proper performance. However, at present there is no consensus on the loss of solvents to specify for the curing process of mixtures fabricated with PHCO. Given this situation, this study assesses the effect of the partial content of solvents on both the mechanical response and compactability of asphalt mixtures produced using PHCO from the Castilla’s oil field (CA); a material extensively used in the East region of Colombia. The study included conducting and analyzing conventional characterization tests of the mixture constituent materials, surface free energy testing on both mastics and the aggregate, mix design, and characterization of both mechanical response and compactability of the mixtures fabricated using the CA and a control asphalt. Corresponding results led to identify and quantify a progressive improvement in both the adhesion quality of the mastic-aggregate interfaces and the mechanical response of the asphalt mixture as a function of the reduction of the solvents. These results suggest the convenience of compacting the asphalt mixtures fabricated using the CA after allowing a loss of 50% of the solvents obtained from the CA via atmospheric distillation at 360°C.
{"title":"Effect of the Solvents Content on the Mechanical Response and Compactability of Asphalt Mixtures Fabricated Using Castilla’s Paving-Heavy Crude Oils","authors":"Allex E Álvarez-Lugo, Evelyn Ovalles, O. Reyes-Ortiz","doi":"10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.16.32.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paving-heavy crude oils (PHCO) are natural cut-back asphalts composed by a high content of asphalt cement and a portion of solvents. These materials have been used in Colombia since the 90’s to improve low volume traffic roads. The existence of solvents in the PHCO allows mixing it with the aggregates in cold conditions. Then, before compaction, these asphalt mixtures require a curing process (i.e., process of partial loss of solvents from the PHCO) to ensure its proper performance. However, at present there is no consensus on the loss of solvents to specify for the curing process of mixtures fabricated with PHCO. Given this situation, this study assesses the effect of the partial content of solvents on both the mechanical response and compactability of asphalt mixtures produced using PHCO from the Castilla’s oil field (CA); a material extensively used in the East region of Colombia. The study included conducting and analyzing conventional characterization tests of the mixture constituent materials, surface free energy testing on both mastics and the aggregate, mix design, and characterization of both mechanical response and compactability of the mixtures fabricated using the CA and a control asphalt. Corresponding results led to identify and quantify a progressive improvement in both the adhesion quality of the mastic-aggregate interfaces and the mechanical response of the asphalt mixture as a function of the reduction of the solvents. These results suggest the convenience of compacting the asphalt mixtures fabricated using the CA after allowing a loss of 50% of the solvents obtained from the CA via atmospheric distillation at 360°C.","PeriodicalId":30405,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria y Ciencia","volume":"16 1","pages":"55-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42754465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-19DOI: 10.17230/ingciencia.16.31.4
Catalina Patiño-Bustamante, V. López-Ríos
espanolLos disenos optimos son utilizados para determinar las mejores condiciones donde se debe realizar un experimento para obtener ciertas propiedades estadisticas. En los modelos no lineales heteroscedasticos donde la varianza es una funcion de la media, el criterio de optimalidad depende de la eleccion de un valor local para los parametros del modelo. Una forma de evitar esta dependencia es considerar una distribucion a priori para el vector de parametros del modelo e incorporarla en el criterio de optimalidad que se va a optimizar. En este articulo se consideran disenos D-optimos en modelos no lineales heteroscedasticos cuando se incorpora una distribucion a priori asociada a los parametros del modelo. Se extiende el teorema de equivalencia al considerar el efecto de la distribucion a priori. Se propone una metodologia para la construccion de distribuciones a priori discretas y continuas. Se muestra, con un ejemplo, como a partir de las distribuciones construidas se pueden encontrar disenos optimos con mayor numero de puntos experimentales que los obtenidos con un valor local. La eficiencia de los disenos hallados es muy competitiva comparada con los disenos optimos locales. Adicionalmente se consideran distribuciones a priori de una familia de escala, y se muestra que los disenos hallados son robustos a la eleccion de la distribucion a priori elegida de esta familia. EnglishOptimal designs are used to determine the best conditions where an experiment should be performed to obtain certain statistical properties. In heteroscedastic nonlinear models where variance is a function of the mean, the optimality criterion depends on the choice of a local value for the model parameters. One way to avoid this dependency is to consider an a priori distribution for the vector of model parameters and incorporate it into the optimality criterion to be optimized. This paper considers D-optimal designs in heteroscedastic nonlinear models when a prior distribution associated with the model parameters is incorporated. The equivalence theorem is extended by considering the effect of the prior distribution. A methodology for the construction of discrete and continuous prior distributions is proposed. It is shown, with an example, how optimal designs can be found from the constructed distributions with a greater number of experimental points than those obtained with a local value. The efficiency of the designs found is very competitive compared to the optimal local designs. Additionally, prior distributions of a scale family are considered, and it is shown that the designs found are robust to the choice of the prior distribution chosen from this family.
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