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Scripts of Blackness: Early Modern Performance Culture and the Making of Race by Noémie Ndiaye (review) 《黑人的剧本:早期现代表演文化与种族的塑造》作者:诺萨梅·恩迪亚耶
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910454
Reviewed by: Scripts of Blackness: Early Modern Performance Culture and the Making of Race by Noémie Ndiaye Maya Mathur Scripts of Blackness: Early Modern Performance Culture and the Making of Race. By Noémie Ndiaye. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. Pp. 376. Hardcover $64.95. Ebook $64.95. Scripts of Blackness: Early Modern Performance Culture and the Making of Race by Noémie Ndiaye is a groundbreaking investigation into three modes of racialization—cosmetic, acoustic, and kinetic—that were produced in the theaters of Spain, France, and England across two centuries. The book enriches existing studies of race and performance by departing from the conventional focus on a single nation and limited period and instead highlighting the correspondences between the racial paradigms produced in these countries. Ndiaye defines "scripts of blackness" as forms of racial impersonation that shaped "how Afro-diasporic characters looked, sounded, and moved in various performance settings" (16) and examines their impact on a range of performances, from religious processions and street dances to aristocratic ballets and court masques. These performances provide the backdrop for Ndiaye's analysis of representative plays that underline the relationship between theatrical techniques and cultural attitudes towards Blackness. While the book offers new readings of well-known dramatists including Shakespeare, Dryden, Lope de Vega, and Molière, among others, its strength lies in its ability to place these playwrights in conversation with lesser-known dramatists, performers, and performance techniques. Equally importantly, the book locates the titular "scripts of blackness" in the cities of Seville, Rouen, and London, all of which were centers of the transatlantic slave trade with significant Afro-diasporic populations. Focusing on these sites allows Ndiaye to demonstrate that racial scripts developed to counter the perceived threat of Afro-diasporic communities in Europe and non-white subjects in colonized nations. Investigating the sites of racecraft also reinforces Ndiaye's claim that premodern performance culture "did not passively reflect the intercolonial emergence of blackness as a racial category but actively fostered it" (10). At the same time, Ndiaye shows that racializing techniques were far from hegemonic by examining those instances when Afro-diasporic performers could assert their agency and challenge the dominant narrative. Ndiaye's comparative and transversal approach helps drive home the broader point that racial scripts [End Page 325] could be distinct to the places in which they were produced, part of a shared vocabulary that transcended national boundaries, and was wielded by both dominant and minoritized populations. The book makes a strong case for the exclusionary and commodifying nature of racial scripts in its opening chapter, which investigates "the prosthetic techniques of embodiment" (2), including masks and makeup that
回顾:《黑人的剧本:早期现代表演文化与种族的形成》作者:诺萨梅·恩迪亚耶·玛雅·马图尔作者:nosammie Ndiaye。费城,宾夕法尼亚州:宾夕法尼亚大学出版社,2022。376页。精装书64.95美元。电子书64.95美元。《黑人的剧本:早期现代表演文化和种族的形成》由诺萨梅·恩迪亚耶著,是对三种种族化模式的开创性研究——表面的、声学的和动态的——这三种模式在两个世纪以来的西班牙、法国和英国的剧院中产生。这本书丰富了现有的关于种族和表现的研究,脱离了对单一国家和有限时期的传统关注,而是强调了这些国家产生的种族范式之间的对应关系。Ndiaye将“黑人剧本”定义为种族模仿的形式,这种形式塑造了“非洲流散人物在各种表演环境中的样子、声音和动作”(16),并研究了它们对一系列表演的影响,从宗教游行和街头舞蹈到贵族芭蕾和宫廷假面舞。这些表演为Ndiaye对代表性戏剧的分析提供了背景,这些戏剧强调了戏剧技巧和对黑人的文化态度之间的关系。虽然这本书提供了包括莎士比亚、德莱顿、洛佩·德·维加和莫里埃尔在内的著名剧作家的新读物,但它的优势在于它能够将这些剧作家与不太知名的剧作家、表演者和表演技巧进行对话。同样重要的是,这本书在塞维利亚、鲁昂和伦敦等城市找到了名义上的“黑人剧本”,这些城市都是跨大西洋奴隶贸易的中心,拥有大量非洲移民人口。专注于这些遗址,Ndiaye可以证明种族脚本的发展是为了对抗欧洲非洲散居社区和殖民地国家非白人主体的威胁。对赛艇遗址的调查也强化了Ndiaye的主张,即前现代表演文化“并没有被动地反映黑人作为一个种族类别在殖民地间的出现,而是积极地促进了它”(10)。与此同时,Ndiaye通过研究非洲散居演员可以主张自己的能动性并挑战主流叙事的实例,表明种族化技术远非霸权。Ndiaye的比较和横向方法有助于阐明一个更广泛的观点,即种族文字可以与它们产生的地方不同,是超越国界的共同词汇的一部分,被占主导地位和少数民族的人群使用。这本书在开篇一章中对种族剧本的排他性和商品化本质进行了强有力的论证,其中调查了“化身的假体技术”(2),包括在戏剧中用来传达男性黑人特征的面具和化妆品。这一章通过区分英国和法国接受的排他性剧本和主导西班牙表演的商品化剧本,将竞技艺术的美学和政治维度联系起来。恩迪亚耶认为,英国和法国的表演受到中世纪魔鬼形象和国家参与奴隶贸易的影响,表达了一种排斥生活在其中的非洲散居人口的愿望。因此,她将《提图斯·安德洛尼克斯》(1594年)和《奥赛罗》(1604年)等戏剧与巴巴里公司(成立于1585年)和伦敦散居的非洲人联系起来,认为英语剧本在强调加入非欧洲角色的危险和不可能驱逐他们之间交替进行。她提出了与鲁昂有关的法国戏剧《更残酷》(1609-1614)和《不幸的葡萄牙人》(1608)等相关主张,这些戏剧用黑色来描绘黑人穆斯林和撒哈拉以南非洲人,并主张将他们驱逐出国家和海外领土。Ndiaye认为,与英国和法国不同,西班牙以奴隶为基础的经济和庞大的非裔伊比利亚人人口意味着它不能依靠排斥的方式,并认为西班牙选择将非裔伊比利亚人与动物、食品和奢侈品相提并论,从而将他们边缘化。恩迪亚耶研究了洛佩·德·维加和克拉拉蒙特·伊·科洛伊的大量剧本,论证了躯体黑人涉及将非裔伊比利亚人角色与商品进行比较,这种方法允许“有条件地将奴隶纳入奴役社会……
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引用次数: 0
The Tempest by Round House Theatre (review) 圆屋剧院《暴风雨》(评论)
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910449
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引用次数: 0
Richard III: Why I Did It by 26th İstanbul Theater Festival in collaboration with Tiyatro Gerçek at Alan Kadıköy (review) 《理查三世:我为什么这么做》第26届İstanbul戏剧节与蒂亚特罗·杰拉切雷克合作,Alan Kadıköy(评论)
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910452
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引用次数: 0
Twelfth Night by Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey at the F. M. Kirby Shakespeare Theatre (review) 新泽西莎士比亚剧院《第十二夜》,F. M.柯比莎士比亚剧院(评论)
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910450
Reviewed by: Twelfth Nightby Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey at the F. M. Kirby Shakespeare Theatre Barbara Ann Lukacs Twelfth NightPresented by the Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey at the F. M. Kirby Shakespeare Theatre, Drew University, Madison, NJ. 712 2022– 101 2023. Directed by Jason King Jones. Set design by Brittany Vasta. Costume design by Hugh Hanson. Lighting design by Andrew Hungerford. Sound design by Steven Beckel. Music composed by Cedric Lamar. Fight direction by Doug West. Stage management by Denise Cardarelli. Assistant stage management/Fight captain Isaac Hickox-Young. With Jeffrey Marc Alkins (Sebastian), Jon Barker (Duke Orsino), Jeffrey M. Bender (Sir Toby Belch), Jabari Carter (Curio/Officer 1), Robert Cuccioli (Malvolio), Dino Curia (Antonio), Jeffrey Dunston (Sea Captain/Priest), Tarah Flanagan (Maria), Cedric Lamar (Feste), Ty Lane (Fabian), Cameron Nalley (Valentine/Officer 2), Eliana Rowe (Viola), Patrick Toon (Sir Andrew Aguecheek), and Billie Wyatt (Olivia). [End Page 305] The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey concluded its 2022 offerings with a thoughtful and perfectly cast production of Twelfth Nightto celebrate the Christmas season. Director Jason King Jones's vision for what is one of Shakespeare's most popular comedies captured the spirit of the Twelfth Night revelry that traditionally marked the end of Christmastide. Notable were Jones's expanded treatment of Shakespeare's songs and his addition of two extra-textual actions with no dialogue, one that depicted Orsino's awakening to his amorous feelings toward Viola/Cesario, and one that added a bittersweet tone to the ending of the play. Jones enlisted Cedric Lamar (Feste) to compose accompaniments to the lyrics in the musical style of Shakespeare's day and to perform the songs while playing a baritone ukulele, accompanied on occasion by guitarist Dino Curia, who also played Antonio in this production. In some instances, songs that are musical fragments in the play-text were lengthened to full renditions through judicious editing. The set consisted of sand-colored walls covered with a star-like tessellation pattern. Three stars hung from above and a fourth star was fastened to a corner of one of the walls. The star motif was repeated in the shape of the candle holders carried by Olivia and Sir Toby Belch in their respective first appearances onstage. A centrally located open staircase with a large landing also featured prominently in the set. The staircase led up to an upper playing area that was surrounded by a low wall. Round-arched windows in the walls provided a means for some of the characters to observe and hear activities on the lower level while remaining concealed. Round-arched doorways at either end of the set provided for entries and exits. The back wall evoked a clear blue sky. On each side of the stage were three tall panels of sheer curtains that, with lighting variations, changed from white to pale pink. Three plain white stone backless benches
芭芭拉·安·卢卡奇《第十二夜》由新泽西莎士比亚剧院在新泽西州麦迪逊市德鲁大学莎士比亚剧院上演。712 2022 - 101 2023。导演:杰森·金·琼斯。布景设计:Brittany Vasta。服装设计:Hugh Hanson。灯光设计:Andrew Hungerford。声音设计:Steven Beckel。音乐由塞德里克·拉马尔作曲。战斗指导道格·韦斯特。丹尼斯·卡达雷利舞台管理。舞台助理管理/战斗队长艾萨克·希克斯-杨。杰弗里·马克·阿尔金斯(塞巴斯蒂安)、乔恩·巴克(奥西诺公爵)、杰弗里·m·本德(托比·贝尔奇爵士)、贾巴里·卡特(古里奥/一号军官)、罗伯特·库乔利(马尔沃里奥)、迪诺·库里亚(安东尼奥)、杰弗里·邓斯顿(船长/牧师)、塔拉·弗拉纳根(玛丽亚)、塞德里克·拉马尔(费斯特)、泰·莱恩(法比安)、卡梅伦·纳利(瓦伦丁/二号军官)、埃莉安娜·罗(维奥拉)、帕特里克·图恩(安德鲁·阿格切克爵士)和比莉·怀亚特(奥利维亚)。[End Page 305]新泽西莎士比亚剧院以一场精心制作、演员阵容完美的《第十二夜》结束了其2022年的演出,以庆祝圣诞节。导演杰森·金·琼斯对这部莎士比亚最受欢迎的喜剧之一的设想抓住了传统上标志着圣诞节结束的第十二夜狂欢的精神。值得注意的是,琼斯扩大了对莎士比亚歌曲的处理,并在没有对话的情况下增加了两个额外的文本动作,一个描述了奥西诺对维奥拉/西萨里奥的情愫的觉醒,另一个为戏剧的结尾增添了苦乐参半的基调。琼斯邀请塞德里克·拉马尔(费斯特)以莎士比亚时代的音乐风格为歌词谱曲,并在演奏男中音四弦琴的同时表演歌曲,偶尔由吉他手迪诺·库里亚伴奏,他也在这部作品中扮演安东尼奥。在某些情况下,剧本中作为音乐片段的歌曲通过明智的编辑延长到完整的演绎。这套家具由沙色的墙壁组成,上面覆盖着星形镶嵌图案。上面挂着三颗星,第四颗星挂在一面墙的一角上。奥利维亚和托比·贝尔奇爵士首次登台时所举的烛台上也重复了星星的图案。一个位于中央的开放式楼梯和一个大平台也在布景中占据突出地位。楼梯通向上面的一个被矮墙包围的游戏区。墙壁上的圆拱窗为一些人物提供了一种观察和听到下层活动的方式,同时保持隐蔽。在场地的两端都有圆形的拱门,用于进出。后墙唤起了湛蓝的天空。舞台两侧各有三块高高的透明窗帘,随着灯光的变化,这些窗帘会从白色变成淡粉色。三个普通的白色石头无背长凳和两棵白色冷杉树完成了这一套。这种不引人注目的设置使人们的注意力集中在穿着类似19世纪风格服装的人物身上。乔恩·巴克饰演的奥西诺在剧中的大部分时间里都表现得很自恋,他不断地盯着一面小镜子里的自己,梳理自己,吮吸自己的内脏,有时还拥抱自己。当奥西诺慢慢走下楼梯,从阳台走到楼梯口时,他用有力的手势说出了开场白。他在提到自己是“一个自我的国王”(1.1.38)时,不时地露出灿烂的笑容,用拇指指着自己,欣喜若狂地自我欣赏。这并不是一个忧郁的情人,他的爱得不到他所爱慕的对象的回报。相反,奥西诺似乎爱上了恋爱的想法,至少直到他和维奥拉在戏剧的结尾被带到一起。前面提到的两个非对话行动中的一个发生在奥西诺的宫殿里,在此期间,费斯特以深情的音乐表演“走开,走开,死亡”(2.4.51-66)招待在场的人,而奥西诺和维奥拉/西萨里奥彼此分开坐在长凳上,……
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引用次数: 0
White People in Shakespeare: Essays on Race, Culture and the Elite ed. by Arthur L. Little, Jr. (review) 《莎士比亚中的白人:种族、文化与精英论文集》,作者:小阿瑟·l·利特尔
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910456
Reviewed by: White People in Shakespeare: Essays on Race, Culture and the Elite ed. by Arthur L. Little, Jr. Virginia Mason Vaughan White People in Shakespeare: Essays on Race, Culture and the Elite. Edited by Arthur L. Little, Jr. London: Bloomsbury, 2023. Pp. xviii + 298. Hardcover $81.00. Paperback $26.95. E-book $21.56. Arthur L. Little, Jr.'s edited collection, White People in Shakespeare, is a thought-provoking introduction to the burgeoning new field of early modern critical white studies. Little brings together a diverse group of academics to interrogate the role that Shakespeare played and still plays in the development and continuation of white supremacy. In graduate school during the 1970s I can't recall anyone ever mentioning early modern race as a topic for discussion. Only later, after I began work on Othello's historical context by reading the work of pioneers in early modern race studies—Anthony Gerard Barthelemy, Joyce Green MacDonald, Margo Hendricks, Sujata Iyengar, Dennis Britton, Ian Smith, and Ayanna Thompson, just to name a few—did I think seriously about early modern constructions of race. But, as Little explains, late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century studies of early modern race were focused on Blackness, often with the assumption that it was only after England joined the slave trade that the English began to consider Black people a "race." Except for the prescient work of Kim F. Hall, Gary Taylor, and Peter Erickson, early modern scholars paid little attention to how white English people came to believe in their own superior identity. With this collection of essays—and other studies of early modern whiteness published this year by Farah Karim Cooper, Ian Smith, and Urvashi Chakravarty—Shakespeare's role in the early modern development of white supremacy can no longer be ignored. Little notes that the first recorded use of the term "white people" occurred in Thomas Middleton's mayoral pageant, The Triumphs of Truth (1613). Like other mayoral pageants, Middleton's drama was performed before all the people, whether they were aristocrats, tradespeople, or servants, in honor of London's newly installed mayor. In Middleton's pageant a Black king addresses the onlookers as "white people," suggesting whiteness as not simply a characteristic of the elite (e.g. Elizabeth I's famously whitened complexion) but inherent to the English masses. Like Middleton, Shakespeare wrote for a varied audience, and his representation of whiteness as a racial category has served to reinforce the idea of white—"fair"—superiority then and now. Consequently, Shakespeare "remains key to any study of the further emergence of a 'white people' in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century" (7). Little divides the nineteen essays of his book into three groups. The first section, "Shakespeare's White People," interrogates the ways in which Shakespeare's plays and poems contribute to the construction of whiteness as a racial category. The sec
书评:《莎士比亚中的白人:种族、文化和精英随笔》,作者:小阿瑟·l·利特尔。弗吉尼亚·梅森·沃恩。Arthur L. Little编辑,伦敦:Bloomsbury出版社,2023年。第xviii + 298页。精装书81.00美元。平装书26.95美元。电子书21.56美元。小阿瑟·l·利特尔(Arthur L. Little, Jr.)的选集《莎士比亚中的白人》(White People in Shakespeare)是一本发人深省的书,介绍了新兴的早期现代批判性白人研究领域。利特尔汇集了一群不同的学者,来探讨莎士比亚在白人至上主义的发展和延续中所扮演的角色。在20世纪70年代的研究生院,我想不起来有谁把早期现代种族作为一个讨论的话题。直到后来,我开始研究《奥赛罗》的历史背景,阅读了早期现代种族研究先驱们的作品——安东尼·杰拉德·巴泰勒米、乔伊斯·格林·麦克唐纳、马戈·亨德里克斯、苏亚塔·艾杨格、丹尼斯·布里顿、伊恩·史密斯和阿雅娜·汤普森等,我才认真思考了早期现代种族的建构。但是,正如利特尔解释的那样,20世纪末和21世纪初对早期现代种族的研究主要集中在黑人身上,通常认为只有在英国加入奴隶贸易之后,英国人才开始把黑人视为一个“种族”。除了金·f·霍尔(Kim F. Hall)、加里·泰勒(Gary Taylor)和彼得·埃里克森(Peter Erickson)的先见之明之外,早期现代学者很少关注英国白人是如何开始相信自己的优越身份的。有了这本论文集,以及法拉·卡里姆·库珀、伊恩·史密斯和乌尔瓦什·查克拉瓦蒂今年发表的其他关于早期现代白人的研究,莎士比亚在早期现代白人至上主义发展中的作用再也不能被忽视了。利特尔指出,“白人”一词的首次使用记录出现在托马斯·米德尔顿的市长游行《真理的胜利》(1613年)中。和其他市长庆典一样,米德尔顿的戏剧在所有人面前表演,无论他们是贵族、商人还是仆人,都是为了向伦敦新上任的市长表示敬意。在米德尔顿的游行中,一位黑人国王称旁观者为“白人”,暗示白人不仅仅是精英阶层的特征(例如伊丽莎白一世著名的白皙肤色),而是英国大众固有的特征。和米德尔顿一样,莎士比亚的写作对象也多种多样,他将白人作为一个种族类别的表现,在当时和现在都强化了白人“公平”优越的观念。因此,莎士比亚“仍然是研究16世纪末和17世纪初‘白人’进一步出现的关键”(7)。利特尔将他的书中的19篇文章分为三组。第一部分“莎士比亚的白人”(Shakespeare’s White People)探讨了莎士比亚的戏剧和诗歌是如何对白人作为一个种族类别的建构做出贡献的。第二部分“白人的莎士比亚”(White People’s Shakespeare)考察了从17世纪到现在,白人是如何利用莎士比亚的作品和他作为文化偶像的地位来强化白人的优越感的。第三部分,“白人莎士比亚和日常实践”,以两项反对白人特权的行动作为全书的结语。利特尔注意到,“‘公平’这个词在莎士比亚作品中出现了900多次,通常与女性的皮肤和美貌有关”(7)。因此,第一部分的四篇文章论述了莎士比亚对白人女性的表现,展示了性别和种族融合的方式。伊芙琳·加乔斯基借鉴了彼特拉克的爱情诗,在诗中,白皮肤、红脸颊和红唇与美德和美丽联系在一起,而黑皮肤则意味着丑陋和畸形(47)。这让她读到了伊丽莎白·卡里(Elizabeth Cary)的悲剧《玛丽亚姆》(Mariam)(出版于1613年)。在这部作品中,善良的女主人公玛丽亚姆是白人,而她阴险的敌人莎乐美是黑人。Gajowski总结道,在詹姆士王朝时期,女性悲剧女主角“被安排去做种族工作,也被安排去做性别工作”(59)。丹尼斯·奥斯丁·布里顿借鉴了中世纪的殉道学,强调了一个白皙的基督和一个因苦难而遍体鳞伤的殉道者。以牙还牙……
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引用次数: 0
Shakespeare's Contested Nations: Race, Gender, and Multicultural Britain in Performances of the History Plays by L. Monique Pittman (review) 莎士比亚的竞争国家:历史剧表演中的种族、性别和多元文化英国作者:L.莫尼克·皮特曼
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910455
Reviewed by: Shakespeare's Contested Nations: Race, Gender, and Multicultural Britain in Performances of the History Plays by L. Monique Pittman Allison Machlis Meyer Shakespeare's Contested Nations: Race, Gender, and Multicultural Britain in Performances of the History Plays. By L. Monique Pittman. New York: Routledge, 2022. Pp. 248. Hardback $170.00. In Shakespeare's Contested Nations: Race, Gender, and Multicultural Britain in Performances of the History Plays, L. Monique Pittman provides a thoughtful and necessary examination of high-status British productions of Shakespearean history during the first decades of the twenty-first century. Pittman's six chapters carefully trace the ways these ostensibly progressive performances actually display a postimperial nostalgia that rejects Britain's multiculturalism in favor of a very narrow vision of both nationhood and Shakespeare. In a robust and compelling introduction, Pittman outlines the history plays' potential both to instantiate the exclusionary mechanisms of nationhood and to interrogate those mechanisms. Shakespeare's Contested Nations argues that modern productions have repeatedly failed to take up the history plays' textual invitations to query the violence and constructed nature of nation-building and have too often staged an "exclusionary national historiography" (26) instead. Pittman situates these performance choices in the context of growing nationalism marked by a set of political developments and cultural displays: a conservative backlash to the New Labour government's adoption of multiculturalism as a national policy, crystalized in media responses to the release of The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain (2000); the nation-building of the Cultural Olympiad accompanying the UK's hosting of the 2012 Olympic Games; and the anti-immigrant narrative of the Brexit referendum (2016). Within this context of a Conservative-led government's rejection of multiculturalism and movement toward nativism, Pittman finds that "the cultural capital of Shakespeare operates in the third millennium to define, reinforce, and occasionally, facilitate critique of British nationhood" (10). In chapter two, "Staging the Multiethnic Nation: Boyd and Hytner at the Millennial Threshold," Pittman examines a set of six history play productions at the beginning of the new millennium—including Michael Boyd's Henry VI cycle (2000–2001) for the Royal Shakespeare Company and Nicholas Hytner's Henry [End Page 329] V (2003) for the National Theatre—that, she argues, "instantiate provocative experimentation with the rules of colorblind casting and visual codes of race" (39). Reading these productions alongside negative public response to The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain's call for broadened artistic representation of British multicultural identities, Pittman asserts that this suite of plays prefigured a postimperial national nostalgia that emerged even more stridently in later productions. Pittman sees Boyd's and Hytner's
莎士比亚的《有争议的国家:历史剧表演中的种族、性别和多元文化的英国》,作者:L. Monique Pittman Allison Machlis Meyer。L. Monique Pittman著。纽约:劳特利奇出版社,2022。248页。精装的170.00美元。在莎士比亚的《竞争的国家:历史剧表演中的种族、性别和多元文化的英国》一书中,L.莫尼克·皮特曼对21世纪头几十年英国高地位的莎士比亚历史作品进行了深思熟虑和必要的考察。皮特曼的六个章节仔细地追溯了这些表面上进步的表演实际上展示了一种后时代的怀旧之情,这种怀旧之情拒绝了英国的多元文化主义,赞成对国家和莎士比亚的非常狭隘的看法。在一个有力而引人注目的介绍中,皮特曼概述了历史剧的潜力,既可以实例化国家地位的排斥性机制,也可以质疑这些机制。莎士比亚的《有争议的国家》认为,现代作品一再未能接受历史剧的文本邀请,质疑国家建设的暴力和建构的本质,而是经常上演“排他性的国家史学”(26)。皮特曼将这些表演选择置于以一系列政治发展和文化展示为标志的日益增长的民族主义背景下:保守派对新工党政府将多元文化主义作为国家政策的反对,这在媒体对《多民族英国的未来》(2000年)发行的反应中得到了体现;为英国举办2012年奥运会而进行的文化奥林匹克国家建设;以及脱欧公投(2016年)的反移民叙事。在保守党领导的政府拒绝多元文化主义和向本土主义运动的背景下,皮特曼发现,“莎士比亚的文化资本在第三个千年中发挥作用,定义、加强、偶尔促进对英国国家地位的批评”(10)。在第二章“多民族国家的上演:博伊德和海特纳在千禧年的门槛上”,皮特曼研究了新千年开始时的六部历史戏剧作品,包括迈克尔·博伊德为皇家莎士比亚剧团创作的《亨利六世》(2000-2001)和尼古拉斯·海特纳为国家剧院创作的《亨利五世》(2003)。她认为,这些作品“用色盲选角规则和种族视觉编码进行了挑衅性的实验”(39)。在阅读这些作品的同时,皮特曼断言,公众对《多民族英国的未来》(The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain)呼吁扩大英国多元文化身份的艺术表现的负面反应预示着一种后时代的民族怀旧情绪,这种怀旧情绪在后来的作品中更为强烈。皮特曼认为博伊德和海特纳的作品是善意的尝试,将历史剧呈现为一个场所,在这个场所,“非白人公民和主体从一个国家的故事中被超越历史的抹杀”(55)可以通过选择非裔英国演员担任主角(大卫·奥伊罗饰演亨利六世,阿德里安·莱斯特饰演亨利五世)来纠正。皮特曼认为,这些作品最终证明了理论不完善的色盲表演的陷阱,即没有充分关注舞台上的性别、阶级和种族的意义。根据皮特曼的说法,博伊德的作品错过了“聚焦英国痛苦的种族主义过去和现在”的机会,此外,通过对双重人格的琼·德·普塞勒和安若的玛格丽特的性别歧视处理,以及通过对凯德叛乱的滑稽描绘,减少了剧本文本对合法阶级不满的关注,也未能“解释交叉身份”(59)。海特纳的《亨利五世》试图通过对主角角色的选择和与当代中东战争有关的美学细节来“打破该剧神话般的过去”(69)。虽然这部作品同情地、有意地阐明了战争给女性带来的代价,但皮特曼认为,它“回避了阿拉伯人的声音,并充分展现了当代背景的可能性”,这暴露了它肤浅的非传统演员和软弱的政治参与的局限性。在皮特曼看来,海特纳2005年的作品《亨利四世1》和《亨利四世2》甚至从他的《亨利五世》的“不完美实验”中抽身而出,没有让有色人种担任主角,通过对符号学的疏忽激活了种族刻板印象。
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引用次数: 0
The Winter's Tale by Shakespeare's Globe (review) 莎士比亚环球剧院《冬天的故事》(书评)
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910451
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引用次数: 0
Ophelia by Bread and Puppet Theater at Theater for the New City (review) 《奥菲莉亚》,布莱德和木偶剧团,新城市剧场(评论)
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910444
Reviewed by: Opheliaby Bread and Puppet Theater at Theater for the New City Geoffrey Lokke OpheliaPresented by Bread and Puppet Theater at Theater for the New City, New York, NY. 8–1812 2022. Directed by Peter Schumann. With Ziggy Bird, Teresa Camou, Adam Cook, Gideon Crevoshay, Maura Gahan, Alicia Gerstein, David Guzman, Peter Hamburger, May Hathaway, Ira Karp, Esteli Kitchen, Ariella Mandel, Idith Meshulam, Damian Norfleet, Raphael Royer, Elsa Saade, Maria Schumann, Dalila Trottola, and others. Bread and Puppet, a Vermont-based company that has been led by founder Peter Schumann since the early 1960s, has had a marked influence on contemporary puppetry in America and beyond. Schumann's many acolytes and collaborators include major puppetry-based artists such as Julie Taymor, Roman Paska, and Massimo Schuster; likewise, according to puppetry historian John Bell, a number of significant theater companies have been directly inspired by Schumann's giant puppetry, theatrical circus, stilt dancing, and/or community-based Leftist politics, including Amy Trompetter's Redwing Black Bird Theater, Chicago's Redmoon Theater, and Les Échassiers de Baie-Saint-Paul, which later became Cirque du Soleil. In recent years, Schumann's productions have ranged from didactic cabarets with skits focused on police brutality, reparations, industrial action, and Israeli apartheid, to more confounding and, in a sense, exegetically demanding adaptations of classical plays, including Aeschylus's The Persians, a work of lament staged directly following the death of Schumann's wife and collaborator, Elka. Bread and Puppet Theater's recent Hamletadaptation, entitled Ophelia, was also an elegiac piece, which, as my partner Lachlan Brooks noticed, set the last moments of its heroine's life to a sepulchral, choral arrangement of Gluck's aria "Che farò senza Euridice" from his 1762 opera Orfeo ed Euridice. Before the twentieth century, according to Ralph Berry, Shakespearean doubles were not considered to be "conceptual"; rather, the doubling of roles for a single actor was done simply out of necessity (due to limitations in the number of actors), or as a vehicle for a performer to demonstrate his or her virtuosity (204). Conceptual doubling, however, "brings a hidden relationship to light," in which the meaning of the production depends on viewers engaging this relationship (208). Radical or avant-garde doubling, then, requires viewers to make senseof the proposed relationship, and invites the audience to assess the legitimacyof the linkage. Moreover, experimental forms of doubling necessarily do something to Shakespeare's words and their perceived substance. Opheliawas perhaps more radical [End Page 281]than most, and its mesmerizing effects both transformed the genre of Hamlet's utterances from lyric to oracle, and frustrated viewers like myself as we self-consciously engaged the enmindment of doubled performers. The doubling at the heart of Opheliawas between the title charact
评论:奥菲利比面包和木偶剧院在剧院为新城杰弗里·洛克奥菲利面包和木偶剧院呈现在剧院为新城,纽约,纽约。8 - 1812 2022。彼得·舒曼导演。还有Ziggy Bird, Teresa Camou, Adam Cook, Gideon Crevoshay, Maura Gahan, Alicia Gerstein, David Guzman, Peter Hamburger, May Hathaway, Ira Karp, Esteli Kitchen, Ariella Mandel, Idith Meshulam, Damian Norfleet, Raphael Royer, Elsa Saade, Maria Schumann, Dalila Trottola等人。自20世纪60年代初以来,由创始人彼得·舒曼(Peter Schumann)领导的佛蒙特州面包与木偶公司(Bread and Puppet)对美国及其他地区的当代木偶戏产生了显著影响。舒曼的许多助手和合作者包括主要的木偶艺术家,如朱莉·泰莫、罗曼·帕斯卡和马西莫·舒斯特;同样,根据木偶戏历史学家约翰·贝尔的说法,许多重要的剧院公司都直接受到舒曼的大型木偶戏、戏剧马戏团、高脚舞和/或社区左翼政治的启发,包括艾米·特朗佩特的红翼黑鸟剧院、芝加哥的红月剧院和Les Échassiers de Baie-Saint-Paul,后来成为太阳马戏团。近年来,舒曼的作品范围广泛,从以警察暴行、赔偿、工业行动和以色列种族隔离为主题的说教式卡巴莱歌舞表演,到更令人困惑的,从某种意义上说,对古典戏剧的改编要求更高,包括埃斯库罗斯的《波斯人》,这是舒曼的妻子和合作者爱尔卡死后直接上演的悲叹作品。面包和木偶剧院(Bread and Puppet Theater)最近改编的《哈姆雷特》(hamlet),名为《奥菲利亚》(Ophelia),也是一部悲歌作品。正如我的搭档拉克兰·布鲁克斯(Lachlan Brooks)注意到的那样,剧中女主角生命的最后时刻,是以格拉克1762年的歌剧《奥菲奥与欧里狄斯》(Orfeo ed Euridice)中的咏叹调《Che farò senza Euridice》(Che farò senza Euridice)为背景的一段庄严的合唱。在二十世纪之前,根据拉尔夫·贝里的说法,莎士比亚的替身不被认为是“概念性的”;相反,一个演员的双重角色只是出于必要(由于演员数量的限制),或者作为表演者展示他或她精湛技艺的工具(204)。然而,概念上的双重“揭示了一种隐藏的关系”,在这种关系中,作品的意义取决于观众参与这种关系(208)。因此,激进或前卫的双重要求观众理解所提议的关系,并邀请观众评估这种联系的合法性。此外,重复的实验形式必然会对莎士比亚的文字及其感知的实质产生影响。《奥菲利亚》也许比大多数戏剧更激进,它那令人着迷的效果既把哈姆雷特的话语类型从抒情变成了神谕,也让像我这样的观众感到沮丧,因为我们自觉地参与了双重表演者的诱惑。《奥菲利亚》的核心角色是主人公和哈姆雷特之间的替身。在整个演出过程中,舒曼的孙子、15岁的男孩艾拉·卡普(Ira Karp)都带着一张大牌子,上面手写着“奥菲利亚”。他朗诵的是哈姆雷特更为人所熟知的独白。卡普患有21型唐氏三体综合症,他没有说出莎士比亚戏剧中奥菲莉亚所说的任何一句话。奇怪的是,奥菲莉亚的演讲没有出现在舞台剧的其他地方,哈姆雷特的对话也没有直接针对她。(不过,格特鲁德关于奥菲莉亚去世的消息也被包括在内,并被卡普调换了位置。)《奥菲莉亚/哈姆雷特》最终由三个巨大的纸制 ch木偶加入舞台:其中两个似乎是死去的国王,他的头不断地掉下来,他的兄弟克劳迪斯赤身裸体地站在他身后。不久之后,另一个裸体的身影出现了,被严重烧焦或可能被泥土覆盖着,上面潦草地写着哈姆雷特的独白“啊,这太脏了的肉体”,从它的身上倾泻而下。每当卡普说出哈姆雷特的话时,亚当·库克总是陪伴着他,他会补充和修改卡普偶尔的停顿、遗漏和含糊不清的话。后来,库克拿出一根木制的教师教鞭,慢慢地把单词原子化在被弄脏的皮肉上,通过费力地记录每一个词素和音节,抹去了抑扬格的五音步,最重要的是,抹去了文本的实质。据公司的一些人说……
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引用次数: 0
Rosaline by 20th Century Studios and 21 Laps Entertainment (review) 20世纪工作室和21圈娱乐公司的《罗莎琳》(回顾)
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2023.a910448
Reviewed by: Rosalineby 20th Century Studios and 21 Laps Entertainment Austen Bell RosalineProduced by 20th Century Studios and 21 Laps Entertainment, streaming on Hulu from 1410 2022. Directed by Karen Maine. Written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber. Cinematography by Laurie Rose. Production design by Andrew McAlpine. Costume design by Mitchell Travers. With Kaitlyn Dever (Rosaline), Isabela Merced (Juliet), Sean Teale (Dario Penza), Kyle Allen (Romeo), Spencer Stevenson (Paris), Bradley Whitford (Adrian Capulet), Minnie Driver (Nurse Janet), and others. Shakespeare's plays abound in anachronism. Julius Caesarhas its striking clock, Falstaff sings his broadside ballads, and some purported ancient Greeks and Romans are quite Christian in their theology. Karen Maine's 2022 romantic comedy Rosaline, the story of "Romeo's ex," commits to this extremely Shakespearean tradition. Kaitlyn Dever's Rosaline in particular almost seems to be looking through time; with the assumptions, goals, and expectations of a twenty-first century romantic comedy heroine, she sees the Italian Renaissance aesthetic around her as restrictive and foolish. When this juxtaposition functions to connecthistory and modernity, it is playful and engaging. Too often, however, it's difficult to justify Rosaline's light-hearted chronological snobbery; the film sets up the cynical, postmodernist romantic comedy as the solution to the problems of an overly-emotional Elizabethan tragedy, yet fails to deal with what is problematic within the romcom genre. Rosalinefollows the titular Rosaline, a Capulet and an aspiring cartographer, through the end of her relationship with Romeo Montague (Kyle Allen). Her friends Paris (Spencer Stevenson) and Nurse Janet (Minnie Driver) suspect that she is only interested in Romeo because of the danger, but she never seriously doubts her commitment until the first time Romeo tells her he loves her, when she freezes. He takes her silence as rejection, heads off to the Capulet ball, meets Rosaline's cousin Juliet (Isabela Merced), and promptly falls in love. When Rosaline sees him climbing Juliet's balcony just the way he climbed hers—even echoing some of his poetic words—she decides to win him back by befriending [End Page 297]Juliet and exposing Romeo's fickleness (though without revealing herself as the former object of his affections). But Rosaline's plan has three complications: firstly, her genuine growing attachment to Juliet; secondly, the presence of inconveniently attractive young soldier Dario Penza (Sean Teale); and thirdly, the plot of Romeo and Julietoccurring in the background. Rosaline's primary relationship to its source material is one of setup and subversion. In the opening scene Romeo, clinging to the balcony railing and gazing into the distance, rhapsodizes, "I never saw true beauty till this night. …" Rosaline, trying to follow his gaze with her eyes, responds, "Why are you talking like that?" This comment is enough to move the
奥斯汀·贝尔·罗莎琳由20世纪工作室和21圈娱乐公司制作,从1410 2022年开始在Hulu上播放。导演:凯伦·缅因。斯科特·纽施塔特和迈克尔·h·韦伯撰写。劳里·罗斯摄影。制作设计:Andrew McAlpine。服装设计:Mitchell Travers。还有凯特琳·德弗(罗莎琳)、伊莎贝拉·默塞德(朱丽叶)、肖恩·蒂尔(达里奥·彭萨)、凯尔·艾伦(罗密欧)、斯宾塞·史蒂文森(巴黎)、布拉德利·惠特福德(阿德里安·卡普莱特)、米妮·德莱弗(护士珍妮特)等人。莎士比亚的戏剧中有许多不合时代的地方。凯撒大帝有自己的报时钟,福斯塔夫唱着他的舷侧民谣,一些传说中的古希腊和古罗马人在神学上是相当基督教的。凯伦·缅因(Karen Maine) 2022年的浪漫喜剧《罗莎琳》(Rosaline)讲述了“罗密欧的前女友”的故事,该剧延续了莎士比亚的传统。尤其是凯特琳·德弗饰演的罗莎琳,她似乎在穿越时间;带着21世纪浪漫喜剧女主角的假设、目标和期望,她认为她周围的意大利文艺复兴美学是限制和愚蠢的。当这种并置功能连接历史和现代,它是有趣的和引人入胜的。然而,在很多情况下,我们很难证明罗莎琳的轻松的按时间顺序排列的势利是正确的;这部电影将愤世嫉俗的后现代主义浪漫喜剧设定为解决过度情绪化的伊丽莎白悲剧的问题,但未能解决浪漫喜剧类型的问题。罗莎琳跟随名义上的罗莎琳,凯普莱特家族的一名有抱负的制图师,结束了与罗密欧·蒙塔古(凯尔·艾伦饰)的关系。她的朋友帕里斯(斯宾塞·史蒂文森饰)和护士珍妮特(米妮·德莱弗饰)怀疑她对罗密欧感兴趣只是因为危险,但她从未认真怀疑过自己的承诺,直到罗密欧第一次告诉她他爱她时,她惊呆了。他把她的沉默当作拒绝,前往凯普莱特舞会,遇见了罗莎琳的表妹朱丽叶(伊莎贝拉·默塞德饰),并迅速坠入爱河。当罗莎琳看到他爬上朱丽叶的阳台,就像他爬上自己的阳台一样——甚至呼应了他的一些诗意的话语——她决定通过和朱丽叶做朋友,暴露罗密欧的喜怒无常来赢回他的心(尽管没有透露自己是他以前的爱慕对象)。但罗莎琳的计划有三个复杂之处:首先,她对朱丽叶的感情与日俱增;其次,出现了不太讨人喜欢的年轻士兵达里奥·彭萨(肖恩·蒂尔饰);第三,以《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的情节为背景。《罗莎琳》与原著的主要关系是建立和颠覆。在开场的一幕中,罗密欧紧紧抓住阳台的栏杆,凝视着远方,狂热地说:“直到今天晚上,我才看到真正的美。罗莎琳试图用她的眼睛跟随他的目光,回答说:“你为什么要这样说话?”这句话足以让电影其余部分的语言变成当代的方言。同样,罗密欧和罗莎琳最初的对话只提到了罗密欧的名字;这段开场白的结构类似于莎士比亚第二幕的阳台场景,这对恋人宣称他们的故事将被讲述“几个世纪”——这时,内心的呼唤揭示了女主角是罗莎琳,而不是朱丽叶。通过这种方式,影片假定人们熟悉《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,以及它作为一个持久而重要的爱情故事的地位;此外,它将其中心人物设置为戏剧及其地位的主要颠覆者。这部浪漫喜剧的一贯特点,往往也是最强烈的特点,就是以女性为中心的视角。在一群无能和怪人的包围下,这位浪漫喜剧女主角倾向于扮演传教士(借用《白色179》中的一个词),或者只有理智的女人(就像电视比喻那样)。观众应该通过她的眼睛来看待她的反应和目标,认为她的反应和目标是理性和重要的,而其他角色的反应和目标是荒谬和琐碎的。这当然不同于许多其他类型的流行电影,更不用说一般以男性为中心的莎士比亚戏剧了,《罗莎琳》在女主角和原著的对比中脱颖而出。每次罗莎琳遇到《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的情节,电影都会强调她的反应和分析。罗密欧与朱丽叶也许……
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引用次数: 0
A Midsummer Night’s Dream (review) 仲夏夜之梦(回顾)
Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1353/shb.2022.0052
M. Collins
A Midsummer Night’s Dream Presented by Folger Theatre in association with the National Building Museum and the University of South Carolina, Washington, DC. 12 July–28 August 2022. Directed by Victor Malana Maog. Production design by Tony Cisek. Festival stage design by Jim Hunter. Costume design by Olivera Gajic. Lighting design by Yael Lubetzky. Original music and sound design by Matthew M. Neilson. Choreography by Alexandra Beller. Fight choreography by Cliff Williams III. With Rotimi Agbabiaka (Theseus/Oberon), Bryan Barbarin (Demetrius), Renea S. Brown (Helena), Danaya Esperanza (Egeus/Puck), John Floyd (Flute), Brit Herring (Snout), Lilli Hokama (Hermia), Hunter Ringsmith (Lysander), Jacob Ming-Trent (Bottom), Nubia M. Monks (Hippolyta/Titania), Shinji Elspeth Oh (Philostrate), John-Alexander Sakelos (Peter Quince), Sabrina Lynne Sawyer (Snug), and Kathryn Zoerb (Starveling).
《仲夏夜之梦》由福尔杰剧院与美国国家建筑博物馆和华盛顿特区南卡罗来纳大学联合演出。2022年7月12日至8月28日。导演:Victor Malana Maog。制作设计:Tony Cisek。节日舞台设计由吉姆·亨特。服装设计:Olivera Gajic。灯光设计:Yael Lubetzky。原创音乐和声音设计由马修·m·尼尔森。Alexandra Beller编舞。克里夫·威廉姆斯(Cliff Williams III)编舞。Rotimi Agbabiaka(忒修斯/奥伯龙),Bryan Barbarin(德米特里厄斯),Renea S. Brown(海伦娜),Danaya Esperanza (Egeus/Puck), John Floyd (Flute), Brit Herring (Snout), Lilli Hokama (Hermia), Hunter Ringsmith (Lysander), Jacob mingtrent (Bottom), Nubia M. Monks (Hippolyta/Titania), Shinji Elspeth Oh (Philostrate), John- alexander Sakelos (Peter Quince), Sabrina Lynne Sawyer (Snug)和Kathryn Zoerb (Starveling)。
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Shakespeare Bulletin
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