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Application of finite sampling points in probability based multi: Objective optimization by means of the uniform experimental design 有限采样点在基于概率的均匀实验设计多目标优化中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-37087
M. Zheng, H. Teng, Yi Wang, Jie Yud
Introduction/purpose: An approximation for assessing a definite integral is continuously an attractive topic owing to its practical needs in scientific and engineering areas. An efficient approach for preliminarily calculating a definite integral with a small number of sampling points was newly developed to get an approximate value for a numerical integral with a complicated integrand. In the present paper, an efficient approach with a small number of sampling points is combined to the novel probability-based multi-objective optimization (PMOO) by means of uniform experimental design so as to simplify the complicated definite integral in the PMOO preliminarily. Methods: The distribution of sampling points within its single peak domain is deterministic and uniform, which follows the rules of the uniform design method and good lattice points; the total preferable probability is the unique and deterministic index in the PMOO. Results: The applications of the efficient approach with finite sampling points in solving typical problems of PMOO indicate its rationality and convenience in the operation. Conclusion: The efficient approach with finite sampling points for assessing a definite integral is successfully combined with PMOO by means of the uniform design method and good lattice points.
简介/用途:由于在科学和工程领域的实际需要,计算定积分的近似一直是一个有吸引力的话题。提出了一种有效的小采样点定积分的初步计算方法,用于求复杂被积式数值积分的近似值。本文通过均匀实验设计,将一种采样点较少的高效方法与基于概率的多目标优化(PMOO)结合起来,初步简化了PMOO中复杂的定积分问题。方法:其单峰域内采样点的分布是确定的、均匀的,遵循均匀设计方法和优良点阵的原则;总优选概率是PMOO中唯一的确定性指标。结果:有限采样点的有效方法在解决PMOO典型问题中的应用表明了其操作的合理性和便利性。结论:通过均匀的设计方法和良好的点阵点,将有限采样点评估定积分的有效方法与PMOO方法成功地结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Chebyshev's inequality in the preliminary feasibility study for constructing a solar thermal power plant 切比雪夫不等式在太阳能热电厂初步可行性研究中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-36734
Milan Pupčević, Zoran Mitrović
Introduction/purpose: This paper examines some of the applications of Chebyshev's inequality. Using Chebyshev's inequality, the analysis of a preliminary feasibility study for constructing a solar thermal power plant in the Banja Luka area has been conducted. The goal of the preliminary analysis is to show, without financial investments, if there is a basis for the climate parameters measurement in the area. Methods: For the known values of the arithmetic means and the standard deviations of the number of cloudy days, the probability of deviation of the number of cloudy days from the mean value was defined by applying Chebyshev's inequality. Results: The diagram shows the values of the upper and lower limits of the number of cloudy days that deviate from the expected value with a probability of 50%. Conclusion: The preliminary assessment of the justification of the realization of a solar thermal power plant justifies the measurements necessary for the analysis and detailed calculation of this type of a plant, because the annual interval of cloudy days is from 94 to 164, or from 26 to 44% in the year.
前言/目的:本文研究了切比雪夫不等式的一些应用。利用切比雪夫不等式对巴尼亚卢卡地区建设太阳能热电厂的初步可行性研究进行了分析。初步分析的目的是在没有财政投资的情况下,表明该地区是否有气候参数测量的基础。方法:对于已知的阴天数的算术平均值和标准差,应用切比雪夫不等式定义阴天数偏离平均值的概率。结果:该图显示了偏离期望值的概率为50%的阴天数的上下限值。结论:由于全年阴天间隔为94 - 164天,即全年阴天间隔为26% - 44%,因此对太阳能热电厂实现合理性的初步评估证明了分析和详细计算该类电厂所需的测量是合理的。
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引用次数: 0
Regularization in quantum field theories 量子场论中的正则化
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-34284
Nikola Fabiano
Introduction/purpose: The principal techniques of regularization schemes and their validity for gauge field theories are discussed. Methods: Schemes of dimensional regularization, Pauli-Villars and lattice regularization are discussed. Results: The Coleman-Mandula theorem shows which gauge theories are renormalizable. Conclusion: Some gauge field theories are renormalizable, the Standard Model in particular.
介绍/目的:讨论正则化方案的主要技术及其在规范场理论中的有效性。方法:讨论了量纲正则化、Pauli-Villars和点阵正则化方案。结果:Coleman-Mandula定理证明了哪些规范理论是可重整的。结论:一些规范场理论是可重整的,特别是标准模型。
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引用次数: 2
Application of probability based multi: Objective optimization in the preparation of drug encapsulation with a designed experiment 基于概率的多目标优化在设计实验药物包封制备中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-38011
Jie Yu, M. Zheng
Introduction/purpose: In this paper, probability based multi - objective optimization (PMOO) is employed to objectively study the optimization problems of the drug encapsulation of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) / poly - gama - glutamic acid ( g -PGA) - tanshinone IIA (TA) with a response surface design and glycerosome - triptolide with an orthogonal experimental design. Methods: In PMOO, a concept of preferable probability has been introduced to describe a preference degree of the performance utility. Each beneficial and unbeneficial utility index contributes a partial preferable probability in a linear manner, positively and negatively, respectively and all the performance utility indicators are simultaneously and equally treated. The total preferable probability of a candidate is the product of all partial preferable probabilities, which thus transfers a multi-objective problem into a single-objective one. Results: 1. The optimal encapsulation of WSC / g-PGA - TA is for WSCof 5.755 mg.ml-1 , TA of 1.0275 mg.ml-1 , when the ratio of TA to the carrier material is 1: 4.9, and the reaction time is 1.302h. 2. The optimal preparation conditions of glycerosomes - triptolide are a glycerol concentration of 20%, the phospholipid to cholesterol mass ratio of 30:1 and the phospholipid to triptolide mass ratio of 5:1. Conclusion: The results show the applicability of PMOO in the optimization of encapsulation composites with designed tests.
介绍/目的:本文采用基于概率的多目标优化(PMOO)方法,通过响应面设计和正交实验设计,客观地研究了水溶性壳聚糖(WSC) /聚γ -谷氨酸(g - pga) -丹参酮IIA (TA)的药物包封优化问题。方法:在PMOO中,引入了优选概率的概念来描述性能效用的偏好程度。每一个有利和不利的效用指标分别以正、负的线性方式贡献部分优选概率,同时平等地对待所有绩效效用指标。候选方案的总优选概率是所有偏优选概率的乘积,从而将多目标问题转化为单目标问题。结果:1。WSC / g-PGA - TA的最佳包封量为5.755 mg。ml-1, TA 1.0275 mg。当TA与载体材料的比例为1:9 9,反应时间为1.302h时,反应速率为ml-1。2. 甘油小体-雷公藤甲素的最佳制备条件为甘油浓度为20%,磷脂与胆固醇质量比为30:1,磷脂与雷公藤甲素质量比为5:1。结论:通过设计试验,证明了PMOO在包封复合材料优化中的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient approach for calculating a definite integral with about a dozen of sampling points 一种计算有十几个采样点的定积分的有效方法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-36029
Jie Yu, M. Zheng, H. Teng, Yi Wang
Introduction/purpose: An approximate approach to definite integral calculation has been an attractive problem continuously since the creation of integration due to practical needs in scientific and engineering areas. In most practical cases, the integrand is complex, which leads to a difficulty of obtaining an exact value of integration, so an approximate value of the definite integral with certain accuracy is satisfactory for practical applications. In this paper, an efficient approach for calculating a definite integral with a small number of sampling points is proposed based on the uniform design method from the viewpoint of practical application. Methods: The distribution of sampling points in its single peak domain is deterministic and uniform, which follows the rule of the uniform design method and good lattice points. Results: The efficient evaluation of a definite integral for a periodical function in its single peak domain can be obtained by using 11 sampling points in one dimension, 17 sampling points in two dimensions, and 19 sampling points in three dimensions. Conclusion: The efficient approach for a definite integral developed here on the basis of the uniform test design method is promised from the viewpoint of practical application; the sampling points are deterministically and uniformly distributed according to the rule of the uniform design method and "good lattice points". The efficient approach developed in this article will be beneficial to relevant research and application.
简介/用途:自积分产生以来,由于科学和工程领域的实际需要,定积分计算的近似方法一直是一个有吸引力的问题。在大多数实际情况下,被积函数是复数的,这导致很难得到精确的积分值,因此在实际应用中,一个具有一定精度的定积分的近似值是令人满意的。本文从实际应用的角度出发,提出了一种基于均匀设计法计算少量采样点定积分的有效方法。方法:采样点在其单峰域中的分布是确定的、均匀的,遵循均匀设计方法和良好的点阵分布规律。结果:利用一维11个采样点,二维17个采样点,三维19个采样点,可以在单峰域对周期函数的定积分进行高效求值。结论:从实际应用的角度出发,在均匀试验设计方法的基础上,提出了求解定积分的有效方法;采样点按均匀设计方法和“好点阵”原则确定均匀分布。本文提出的有效方法将有利于相关研究和应用。
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引用次数: 3
Technical aspects of flight safety of military aircraft 军用飞机飞行安全的技术方面
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-39238
Miroslav Čestić, Vlada S. Sokolovic, Marjan Dodić
Introduction/purpose: The use of modern military aircraft requires an extraordinary effort of human and material potential to ensure the conditions for the execution of specific tasks. Complex technology, different spatial and temporal conditions of aircraft use impose the need to create organizational and technical conditions to assist the pilot during flight with the aim of safely and completely accomplishing the flight task. The aim of this paper is to identify possible problems in the organization of the flight safety system through the description of the influence of technical factors on flight safety and to find the best solutions for overcoming problems during the life cycle of the aircraft. Methods: In the research of the subject area, first of all, the analysis of the regulations regulating the field of flight safety was carried out, and then a description of the technical means and their impact on flight safety was carried out. Results: On the basis of the performed analysis, the activities to ensure the reliability of the aircraft during development and production were defined, and directions for improving flight safety were proposed through the amendments of regulations, organizational and technical as well as technological measures. Conclusion: The results of the analysis confirm the assumptions about the possible directions of development and improvement of flight safety of military aircraft through improvement and installation of technical systems (devices and equipment), both aviation and ground.
前言/目的:现代军用飞机的使用需要在人力和物力方面作出非凡的努力,以确保执行特定任务的条件。复杂的技术,不同的空间和时间条件的飞机使用强加需要创造组织和技术条件,以协助飞行员在飞行过程中,以安全和完整地完成飞行任务。本文的目的是通过描述技术因素对飞行安全的影响,找出飞行安全系统组织中可能存在的问题,并在飞机的全生命周期内找到克服问题的最佳解决方案。方法:在课题领域的研究中,首先对规范飞行安全领域的法规进行分析,然后对技术手段及其对飞行安全的影响进行描述。结果:在进行分析的基础上,明确了研制生产过程中保证飞机可靠性的活动,并通过修改法规、组织技术和技术措施提出了提高飞行安全的方向。结论:分析结果证实了通过改进和安装航空和地面技术系统(装置和设备)来发展和提高军用飞机飞行安全的可能方向的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Interpolative generalised Meir-Keeler contraction 插值广义Meir-Keeler收缩
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-39820
Shobha Jain, Vuk Stojiljković, S. Radenović
Introduction/purpose: The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of an interpolative generalised Meir-Keeler contractive condition for a pair of self maps in a fuzzy metric space, which enlarges, unifies and generalizes the Meir-Keeler contraction which is for only one self map. Using this, we establish a unique common fixed point theorem for two self maps through weak compatibility. The article includes an example, which shows the validity of our results. Methods: Functional analysis methods with a Meir-Keeler contraction. Results: A unique fixed point for self maps in a fuzzy metric space is obtained. Conclusions: A fixed point of the self maps is obtained.
简介/目的:引入模糊度量空间中一对自映射的插值广义Meir-Keeler压缩条件的概念,将仅适用于一个自映射的Meir-Keeler压缩扩大、统一和推广。在此基础上,通过弱相容建立了两个自映射的唯一公共不动点定理。文中给出了一个算例,说明了我们所得结果的有效性。方法:用Meir-Keeler收缩法进行泛函分析。结果:得到了模糊度量空间中自映射的唯一不动点。结论:得到了自映射的一个不动点。
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引用次数: 0
Component sizing and energy management for a series hybrid electric tracked vehicle 串联混合动力履带车辆部件尺寸及能量管理
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-39762
S. Milićević, I. Blagojević
Introduction/purpose: The paper presents a systematic approach to the development of a series hybrid electric tracked vehicle (HETV) including powertrain sizing and adequate energy management strategy (EMS) selection. Methods: Powertrain elements were sized considering key performance requirements. Three energy management strategies were proposed: Thermostat Control Strategy (TCS), Power Follower Control Strategy (PFCS), and Optimal Power Source Strategy (OPSS). The evaluation of the powertrain configuration and the three proposed EMSs was performed in the Simulink environment using a driving cycle containing significant acceleration, braking and steering. Results: The results showed that the OPSS proved to be the best due to increased fuel economy and a low battery state of charge (SOC) variation. Compared to the previous research of the same vehicle with a parallel hybrid configuration, significantly better results were achieved. The investigation of the results indicates that the proposed powertrain and control strategy offer 53.79% better fuel economy which indicates that the powertrain sizing was properly performed. Conclusions: The results of this work are of great importance for understanding the effect of proper powertrain sizing on fuel economy. Compared to the reference vehicle, the proposed configuration achieves significant improvement, most of which is attributed to adequate sizing. The OPSS proved to be the best strategy, thus confirming the theoretical hypothesis. The series hybrid configuration with the OPSS as the EMS proved to be a major candidate for use in HETVs.
介绍/目的:本文提出了一种系统的方法来开发串联混合动力履带车辆(HETV),包括动力系统的尺寸和适当的能量管理策略(EMS)的选择。方法:根据关键性能要求对动力总成元件进行尺寸划分。提出了三种能量管理策略:温控器控制策略(TCS)、功率跟随器控制策略(PFCS)和最优电源策略(OPSS)。在Simulink环境中,通过包含显著加速、制动和转向的驾驶循环,对动力总成配置和三种建议的ems进行了评估。结果:结果表明,由于提高了燃油经济性和低电池荷电状态(SOC)变化,OPSS被证明是最好的。与以往对同一车型并联混合动力配置的研究相比,取得了明显更好的结果。研究结果表明,所提出的动力总成及控制策略的燃油经济性提高了53.79%,表明动力总成的优化设计是正确的。结论:本工作的结果对于理解合适的动力总成尺寸对燃油经济性的影响具有重要意义。与参考车辆相比,建议的配置实现了显着改进,其中大部分归功于适当的尺寸。OPSS被证明是最好的策略,从而证实了理论假设。将OPSS作为EMS的系列混合配置已被证明是hetv中使用的主要候选方案。
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引用次数: 1
Evacuation of aircraft on land 撤离陆地上的飞机
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg70-36715
R. Jevtić
Introduction/Purpose: Aircraft present one of the safest and most frequently used means of transport. However, despite taking many security measures, accidents happen. No matter a damage level, if the aircraft somehow manages to land, the most important is to evacuate passengers from the aircraft, fast and safely. Evacuation of aircraft is very complex and depends on many different factors such as a damage degree, presence of fire, speed of passengers, presence of panic and fear, etc. So, it is important to, somehow, as much as possible, predict potential ways of evacuation and potential evacuation strategies and routes. Landed aircraft can be in different conditions so fast and safe evacuation of passengers is very important. The only way to predict safe evacuation routes, to determine proper evacuation strategies and to calculate potential evacuation times needed to leave the aircraft is to use some adequate simulation software. Methods: In this paper, for calculating needed evacuation times and potential evacuation routes, the simulation method was used. Simulations of evacuation scenarios and calculations of evacuation times were realized in Pathfinder software. The simulation model created in Pathfinder was a model of the A 321 aircraft related to its real dimensions. Results: The results of this paper, obtained on an appropriate simulation model of the aircraft with stairs and emergency slides, have shown the evacuation times for two different evacuation scenarios with different speeds of passengers/occupants. Conclusion: A proper evacuation strategy and the fastest evacuation of occupants are crucial for saving lives. Simulation software use in evacuation problems presents a very effective way in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness and prediction. This kind of software presents an obligatory engineering tool for more effective and more precise dealing with evacuation and similar problems. This paper was written to show how simulation software can be used for calculating evacuation times from an airplane on land.
简介/用途:飞机是最安全、最常用的交通工具之一。然而,尽管采取了许多安全措施,事故还是会发生。无论损坏程度如何,如果飞机设法着陆,最重要的是迅速安全地将乘客撤离飞机。飞机的疏散是非常复杂的,取决于许多不同的因素,如损坏程度、是否存在火灾、乘客的速度、是否存在恐慌和恐惧等。所以,尽可能多地预测潜在的疏散方式,疏散策略和路线是很重要的。降落的飞机可以在不同的条件下,所以快速安全地疏散乘客是非常重要的。预测安全疏散路线、确定适当的疏散策略和计算离开飞机所需的潜在疏散时间的唯一方法是使用一些适当的模拟软件。方法:本文采用仿真方法计算所需疏散时间和可能的疏散路线。在Pathfinder软件中实现了疏散场景的模拟和疏散时间的计算。在Pathfinder中创建的仿真模型是a321飞机的真实尺寸模型。结果:本文在适当的飞机楼梯和应急滑梯仿真模型上得到的结果显示了两种不同乘客/乘员速度下的疏散时间。结论:正确的疏散策略和快速疏散人员对挽救生命至关重要。仿真软件在疏散问题中的应用,在安全性、成本效益和预测方面提供了一种非常有效的方法。这种软件为更有效、更精确地处理疏散和类似问题提供了必要的工程工具。这篇论文是为了展示如何使用仿真软件来计算从陆地上的飞机上撤离的时间。
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引用次数: 0
Corrections to propagators of quantum electrodynamics 量子电动力学传播子的修正
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg69-30604
N. Fabiano
Introduction/purpose: The problem of quantum corrections to propagators in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is discussed. Methods: The Dyson-Schwinger equation is employed for correcting propagators in QED. Results: The observable quantities in QED are finite. Conclusions: QED divergencies can be avoided by redefining physical quantities in a suitable manner.
简介/目的:讨论了量子电动力学(QED)中传播子的量子修正问题。方法:采用Dyson-Schwinger方程对QED中的传播子进行校正。结果:QED中的观测量是有限的。结论:以适当的方式重新定义物理量可以避免QED发散。
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引用次数: 4
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