In Ethiopia, livelihood diversification has become a major source of income for rural communities. This study was carried out in rural kebeles in the Kebri Dahar district, and it focuses on livelihood diversification strategies and the factors that affect livelihood diversification. The collected types of data were from primary and secondary sources based on a qualitative and quantitative basis. Multistage sampling techniques were employed in selecting the representative households of 119 respondents. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regressions were used to analyze and achieve the objective. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that 33.6%, 3.30%, 10.1%, and 52.9% of the respondents participated in the on-farm, off-farm, nonfarm, and combinations of livelihood activities, respectively. The descriptive statistics showed that 52.9% of the respondents diversified their livelihoods and 47.1% did not. The multinomial logistic regression shows that being male-headed as well as the increased age of HH head were found to be significant at a 1% significance level in three livelihood activities which positively and negatively influenced livelihood diversification. Livelihood diversification has a positive impact on security in the study area. Thus, it should be promoted not only by the government and nongovernmental organizations but also by individuals who are interested in livelihood diversification since it implies food security.
在埃塞俄比亚，生计多样化已成为农村社区的主要收入来源。本研究在Kebri Dahar地区的农村kebeles进行，重点研究生计多样化策略和影响生计多样化的因素。在定性和定量的基础上，收集的数据类型来自一手和二手来源。采用多阶段抽样方法，选取119个调查对象的代表性家庭。在此基础上，采用多项逻辑回归进行分析。使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)第20版对收集的数据进行分析。调查结果显示，33.6%、3.30%、10.1%和52.9%的受访者分别参与了农业、非农、非农和复合生计活动。描述性统计显示，52.9%的受访者生计多样化，47.1%的受访者没有。多项logistic回归分析显示，三种生计活动中，男性户主和HH户主年龄的增加在1%的显著水平上显著，对生计多样化有正向和负向影响。生计多样化对研究区域的安全具有正向影响。因此，它不仅应该由政府和非政府组织推动，而且还应该由对生计多样化感兴趣的个人推动，因为它意味着粮食安全。
{"title":"Factors Influencing Household Livelihood Diversification: The Case of Kebri Dahar District, Korahey Zone of Somali Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Bishar Ahmed Yussuf, Abduselam Abdulahi Mohamed","doi":"10.1155/2022/7868248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7868248","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, livelihood diversification has become a major source of income for rural communities. This study was carried out in rural kebeles in the Kebri Dahar district, and it focuses on livelihood diversification strategies and the factors that affect livelihood diversification. The collected types of data were from primary and secondary sources based on a qualitative and quantitative basis. Multistage sampling techniques were employed in selecting the representative households of 119 respondents. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regressions were used to analyze and achieve the objective. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that 33.6%, 3.30%, 10.1%, and 52.9% of the respondents participated in the on-farm, off-farm, nonfarm, and combinations of livelihood activities, respectively. The descriptive statistics showed that 52.9% of the respondents diversified their livelihoods and 47.1% did not. The multinomial logistic regression shows that being male-headed as well as the increased age of HH head were found to be significant at a 1% significance level in three livelihood activities which positively and negatively influenced livelihood diversification. Livelihood diversification has a positive impact on security in the study area. Thus, it should be promoted not only by the government and nongovernmental organizations but also by individuals who are interested in livelihood diversification since it implies food security.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78382973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. I. Thio, N. Ouédraogo, Inoussa Drabo, Frank Essem, F. B. Neya, F. W. Nikiema, Soumabéré Coulibaly, P. Sombié, Oumar Boro, Abdoul-Kawiyou Hassane, Abdoul-Aziz Ouédraogo, Hervé Bépio Bamaogo, M. Sawadogo, P. Sérémé
Soybean is one of the promising food crops and feeds which contributes significantly to the development of agriculture in Burkina Faso. However, very few improved soybean varieties have been developed in the country. The introduction of new genotypes with high agronomic potential and adapted to the climatic conditions of the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso will boost soybean production in the region. Twenty-four (24) newly introduced soybean genotypes were evaluated for their agromorphological and adaptation characteristics in the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso. The variability parameters such as genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability, and expected genetic advance were estimated for 14 agromorphological characters. The experimental design used in this study was an alpha lattice with 3 replications. Planting was done following a spacing of 50 cm (inter-row) × 5 cm (within row). Analysis of variance revealed significant difference ( P < 0.001 ; P < 0.05 ) for all characters studied except the nodule diameter, nodule score, and grain yield. The values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating the influence of environmental factors. The highest GCV and PVC values were found in the number of nodules (70.07% and 77.26%), number of seeds per plant (41.34% and 44.18%), and number of pods per plant (29.27% and 33.50%), respectively. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance expressed as a percentage of mean were observed for 10 of the 14 traits, suggesting an important expected genetic gain allowing more success in selection.
{"title":"Evaluation of Early Maturity Group of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) for Agronomic Performance and Estimates of Genetic Parameters in Sudanian Zone of Burkina Faso","authors":"G. I. Thio, N. Ouédraogo, Inoussa Drabo, Frank Essem, F. B. Neya, F. W. Nikiema, Soumabéré Coulibaly, P. Sombié, Oumar Boro, Abdoul-Kawiyou Hassane, Abdoul-Aziz Ouédraogo, Hervé Bépio Bamaogo, M. Sawadogo, P. Sérémé","doi":"10.1155/2022/3370943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3370943","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is one of the promising food crops and feeds which contributes significantly to the development of agriculture in Burkina Faso. However, very few improved soybean varieties have been developed in the country. The introduction of new genotypes with high agronomic potential and adapted to the climatic conditions of the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso will boost soybean production in the region. Twenty-four (24) newly introduced soybean genotypes were evaluated for their agromorphological and adaptation characteristics in the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso. The variability parameters such as genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability, and expected genetic advance were estimated for 14 agromorphological characters. The experimental design used in this study was an alpha lattice with 3 replications. Planting was done following a spacing of 50 cm (inter-row) × 5 cm (within row). Analysis of variance revealed significant difference (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ; \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) for all characters studied except the nodule diameter, nodule score, and grain yield. The values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating the influence of environmental factors. The highest GCV and PVC values were found in the number of nodules (70.07% and 77.26%), number of seeds per plant (41.34% and 44.18%), and number of pods per plant (29.27% and 33.50%), respectively. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance expressed as a percentage of mean were observed for 10 of the 14 traits, suggesting an important expected genetic gain allowing more success in selection.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84437222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to quantify the nectar secretion dynamics, and honey production capacity of Hygrophila auriculata and Salvia leucantha. One day before nectar collection, a group of flowers was enclosed with mesh bags to measure accumulated nectar volume. Moreover, nectar volume, concentration, temperature, and humidity were measured at intervals of 3 hours. The collected data was analysed using One-way ANOVA and linear regression. Nectar secretion dynamics of the two species were significantly varied (at p < 0.05 ) at different times of the day. The nectar volume that became available between the two consecutive measurements (three-h intervals) varied from 1.5 to 2.5 μl/flower, and 4.1 to 5.5 μl/flower for H. auriculata and S. leucantha, respectively. The temperature was positively correlated with the nectar concentration for both species. However, the temperature was negatively correlated with the nectar volume of H. auriculata whereas almost at equilibrium for S. leucantha. Humidity was negatively correlated with nectar concentration for both species whereas it is positively correlated with nectar volume for H. auriculata. However, the relationships between humidity and nectar volume were almost found at equilibrium for S. leucantha. Based on the mean amount of nectar sugar secreted by the plants, the mean honey production potentials of the species were estimated to be 29.88 kg and 60.2 kg/ha depending on the size of the plants for H. auriculata and S. leucantha, respectively. Therefore, propagation and in-situ conservation of these species are also recommended for sustainable honey production.
{"title":"Quantifying Nectar Secretion Potential of Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.), Heine (Acanthaceae), and Salvia leucantha Cav. (Lamiaceae) for Honey Production","authors":"Tura Bareke, A. Addi","doi":"10.1155/2022/8301903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8301903","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to quantify the nectar secretion dynamics, and honey production capacity of Hygrophila auriculata and Salvia leucantha. One day before nectar collection, a group of flowers was enclosed with mesh bags to measure accumulated nectar volume. Moreover, nectar volume, concentration, temperature, and humidity were measured at intervals of 3 hours. The collected data was analysed using One-way ANOVA and linear regression. Nectar secretion dynamics of the two species were significantly varied (at \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) at different times of the day. The nectar volume that became available between the two consecutive measurements (three-h intervals) varied from 1.5 to 2.5 μl/flower, and 4.1 to 5.5 μl/flower for H. auriculata and S. leucantha, respectively. The temperature was positively correlated with the nectar concentration for both species. However, the temperature was negatively correlated with the nectar volume of H. auriculata whereas almost at equilibrium for S. leucantha. Humidity was negatively correlated with nectar concentration for both species whereas it is positively correlated with nectar volume for H. auriculata. However, the relationships between humidity and nectar volume were almost found at equilibrium for S. leucantha. Based on the mean amount of nectar sugar secreted by the plants, the mean honey production potentials of the species were estimated to be 29.88 kg and 60.2 kg/ha depending on the size of the plants for H. auriculata and S. leucantha, respectively. Therefore, propagation and in-situ conservation of these species are also recommended for sustainable honey production.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79907023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to determine productive performances, constraints, and opportunities of Bovans Brown (BB), Sasso, and crossbred chickens under village production system in Gindeberet district of West Shewa, Ethiopia. A total of 139 randomly selected smallholder chicken producers were involved in the study from six purposefully selected peasant associations (PAs) from the district. Information was gathered on average egg production/year, age at the first egg laying, constraints, and opportunities of improved chicken production during the study. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24, and Z-test was employed to test the difference among agro-ecologies on a certain variable. The mean annual eggs produced by BB (189.34 ± 0.99 eggs/hen/year) and by Sasso (180.82 ± 0.9 eggs/hen/year) were higher than those of crossbred chicken (111.26 ± 0.77 eggs/hen/year). Moreover, a significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) was observed for crossbred and exotic chickens' egg production performances between agro-ecological zones. The mean age at the first egg laying (182.28 ± 1.61 days) of crossbred chickens was higher than the mean age at the first egg laying (164.29 ± 0.41 days) of exotic chickens. Also, the mean age at the first egg laying of improved chicken breeds was statistically significant (p < 0.05) between agro-ecological zones. Prevalence of disease, inadequate veterinary services, predators, and shortage of balanced concentrate mixture feeds were among the constraints hindering improved chicken production in the study area. However, high demand of chicken and chicken products, participation of NGOs in dissemination of improved chicken, presence of government policy, and availability of manpower were the major potentials encouraging chicken production in the study area. Therefore, practical poultry production training and extension should get primary emphasis to combat the existing constraints. Therefore, good poultry management practices should be promoted to improve chicken productivity in the study area.
{"title":"Study on Productive Performances, Constraints, and Opportunities of Improved Chicken under Village Production System in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Amanuel A. Bekuma, Abdissa Tadesse","doi":"10.1155/2022/6354158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6354158","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine productive performances, constraints, and opportunities of Bovans Brown (BB), Sasso, and crossbred chickens under village production system in Gindeberet district of West Shewa, Ethiopia. A total of 139 randomly selected smallholder chicken producers were involved in the study from six purposefully selected peasant associations (PAs) from the district. Information was gathered on average egg production/year, age at the first egg laying, constraints, and opportunities of improved chicken production during the study. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24, and Z-test was employed to test the difference among agro-ecologies on a certain variable. The mean annual eggs produced by BB (189.34 ± 0.99 eggs/hen/year) and by Sasso (180.82 ± 0.9 eggs/hen/year) were higher than those of crossbred chicken (111.26 ± 0.77 eggs/hen/year). Moreover, a significant difference (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) was observed for crossbred and exotic chickens' egg production performances between agro-ecological zones. The mean age at the first egg laying (182.28 ± 1.61 days) of crossbred chickens was higher than the mean age at the first egg laying (164.29 ± 0.41 days) of exotic chickens. Also, the mean age at the first egg laying of improved chicken breeds was statistically significant (p < 0.05) between agro-ecological zones. Prevalence of disease, inadequate veterinary services, predators, and shortage of balanced concentrate mixture feeds were among the constraints hindering improved chicken production in the study area. However, high demand of chicken and chicken products, participation of NGOs in dissemination of improved chicken, presence of government policy, and availability of manpower were the major potentials encouraging chicken production in the study area. Therefore, practical poultry production training and extension should get primary emphasis to combat the existing constraints. Therefore, good poultry management practices should be promoted to improve chicken productivity in the study area.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84901146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different management practices likely to enhance teff production are used in Ethiopia, however, evidence on their relative performance is little studied or unavailable. This on-farm experiment was conducted to assess the performance of different management practices for teff productivity, profitability, and acceptability in subtropical districts of North East Amhara. Four trial treatments (viz., IKIM, IBIM, LBIM, and LBFM) were laid out in an unreplicated simple block considering farmers as replication during the main cropping seasons of 2019 and 2020. Tukey’s (HSD) test following one-way ANOVA, partial budget analysis, and weighted matrix ranking were used to explain the significance level, profitability, and preference traits, respectively. Results presented a significant ( p ≤ 0.01) treatment difference across districts in days to maturity, grain, and biomass yields. Among treatments, IKIM had short maturity days at Sekota (94), Dehana (105), and Lasta (95) districts. The grain yields were on average 1.75 ton ha−1, 1.45 ton ha−1, and 1.63 ton ha−1 at Sekota, Dehana, and Lasta districts, respectively. The lowest grain yields of 0.70 ton ha−1, 0.58 ton ha−1, and 0.63 ton ha−1 were recorded from LBFM. Despite the higher total variable costs, IKIM was gainful having 51400 ETB, 40579 ETB, and 46928 ETB net benefits at Sekota, Dehana, and Lasta districts, respectively. The MRR showed that a marginal profit of 13.77, 9.76, and 9.23 ETB was gained per each 1.00 ETB investment for shifting the practice (LBFM to IKIM). Therefore, we recommend IKIM as best management practice for consistent teff production in similar agroecological conditions.
埃塞俄比亚采用了可能提高苔麸生产的不同管理做法，但是，很少研究或没有关于其相对效果的证据。在阿姆哈拉东北部亚热带地区进行了田间试验，以评估不同管理措施对teff生产力、盈利能力和可接受性的影响。考虑到2019年和2020年主要种植季节的农民进行复制，在一个不可复制的简单块中布置了四种试验处理(即IKIM、IBIM、LBIM和LBFM)。采用单因素方差分析、部分预算分析和加权矩阵排序后的Tukey’s (HSD)检验分别解释显著性水平、盈利能力和偏好特征。结果表明，不同地区的处理在成熟期、籽粒和生物量产量方面存在显著差异(p≤0.01)。在治疗中，IKIM在Sekota(94)、Dehana(105)和Lasta(95)地区的成熟天数较短。Sekota、Dehana和Lasta地区的平均粮食产量分别为1.75吨、1.45吨和1.63吨。LBFM的最低产量分别为0.70、0.58和0.63 t ha - 1。尽管总可变成本较高，但IKIM在Sekota、Dehana和Lasta地区分别获得了51400 ETB、40579 ETB和46928 ETB净收益。MRR显示，每投资1.00个ETB，将获得13.77、9.76和9.23 ETB的边际利润，以转移实践(LBFM到IKIM)。因此，我们推荐IKIM作为在类似农业生态条件下持续生产苔草的最佳管理实践。
{"title":"Inclusive Technology Performance Evaluation in the Production of Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)","authors":"Ademe Mihiretu, M. Asresu","doi":"10.1155/2022/9031999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9031999","url":null,"abstract":"Different management practices likely to enhance teff production are used in Ethiopia, however, evidence on their relative performance is little studied or unavailable. This on-farm experiment was conducted to assess the performance of different management practices for teff productivity, profitability, and acceptability in subtropical districts of North East Amhara. Four trial treatments (viz., IKIM, IBIM, LBIM, and LBFM) were laid out in an unreplicated simple block considering farmers as replication during the main cropping seasons of 2019 and 2020. Tukey’s (HSD) test following one-way ANOVA, partial budget analysis, and weighted matrix ranking were used to explain the significance level, profitability, and preference traits, respectively. Results presented a significant (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000 ≤ 0.01) treatment difference across districts in days to maturity, grain, and biomass yields. Among treatments, IKIM had short maturity days at Sekota (94), Dehana (105), and Lasta (95) districts. The grain yields were on average 1.75 ton ha−1, 1.45 ton ha−1, and 1.63 ton ha−1 at Sekota, Dehana, and Lasta districts, respectively. The lowest grain yields of 0.70 ton ha−1, 0.58 ton ha−1, and 0.63 ton ha−1 were recorded from LBFM. Despite the higher total variable costs, IKIM was gainful having 51400 ETB, 40579 ETB, and 46928 ETB net benefits at Sekota, Dehana, and Lasta districts, respectively. The MRR showed that a marginal profit of 13.77, 9.76, and 9.23 ETB was gained per each 1.00 ETB investment for shifting the practice (LBFM to IKIM). Therefore, we recommend IKIM as best management practice for consistent teff production in similar agroecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72976734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beyadglign Hunegnaw, Y. Mekuriaw, B. Asmare, Shigdaf Mekuriaw
The objective of the field experiment was to evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritive values of brachiaria grass in response to cultivars, soil type, and fertilizer application. A randomized complete block design containing three replications with three factors (fertilizer, cultivars, and soil types) was used. The cultivars were Brachiaria mutica, Brachiaria hybrid Mulato-II, Brachiaria hybrid Mulato-I, Brachiaria birzantha Marandu, and Brachiaria birzantha La liberated. The root splits were means of propagation for all cultivars. The spacing between blocks and plots was 1 meter while between plants and rows was 0.5 meter. Agronomic performance such as plant height (PH), number of tillers (NT), number and length of leaves, forage dry matter (DM) yield, and nutritive values of the cultivars were measured and analyzed. Forage samples were taken at 90 days harvesting age. A general linear model of statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9.0 is used as a statistical method. The results revealed that all three factors interaction was highly significant ( p < 0.001 ) on all agronomic and nutritive values of Brachiaria grass cultivars. The agronomic performance and most of its nutritive values of brachiaria cultivars were higher ( p < 0.05 ) at black soil than in red soil; except for crude protein. The Brachiria mutica cultivar had a higher agronomic performance at both soil types than hybrid Mulato-II and hybrid Mulato-I. Based on the response recorded, it can be concluded that hybrid Mulato-II, B. mutica, and hybrid Mulato-I cultivars were performing better in the study areas. As a recommendation, farmers should consider cultivar, soil type, and presence of fertilizer in establishing brachiaria grass in the production system.
{"title":"Morphoagronomical and Nutritive Performance of Brachiaria Grasses Affected by Soil Type and Fertilizer Application Grown under Rainfed Condition in Ethiopia","authors":"Beyadglign Hunegnaw, Y. Mekuriaw, B. Asmare, Shigdaf Mekuriaw","doi":"10.1155/2022/7373145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7373145","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the field experiment was to evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritive values of brachiaria grass in response to cultivars, soil type, and fertilizer application. A randomized complete block design containing three replications with three factors (fertilizer, cultivars, and soil types) was used. The cultivars were Brachiaria mutica, Brachiaria hybrid Mulato-II, Brachiaria hybrid Mulato-I, Brachiaria birzantha Marandu, and Brachiaria birzantha La liberated. The root splits were means of propagation for all cultivars. The spacing between blocks and plots was 1 meter while between plants and rows was 0.5 meter. Agronomic performance such as plant height (PH), number of tillers (NT), number and length of leaves, forage dry matter (DM) yield, and nutritive values of the cultivars were measured and analyzed. Forage samples were taken at 90 days harvesting age. A general linear model of statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9.0 is used as a statistical method. The results revealed that all three factors interaction was highly significant (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ) on all agronomic and nutritive values of Brachiaria grass cultivars. The agronomic performance and most of its nutritive values of brachiaria cultivars were higher (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) at black soil than in red soil; except for crude protein. The Brachiria mutica cultivar had a higher agronomic performance at both soil types than hybrid Mulato-II and hybrid Mulato-I. Based on the response recorded, it can be concluded that hybrid Mulato-II, B. mutica, and hybrid Mulato-I cultivars were performing better in the study areas. As a recommendation, farmers should consider cultivar, soil type, and presence of fertilizer in establishing brachiaria grass in the production system.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76321361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaranth is a nutritious traditional food and vegetable crop with incomparable health benefits. However, very little research has been carried out to study diversity of amaranth in Nepal. An experiment was conducted in the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal, during 2021 growing season to assess twelve amaranth accessions based on agromorphological characters. Seed materials were collected from the Nepal Agriculture Genetic Resource Center (NAGRC), Khumaltar, and the experiment was conducted in alpha-lattice design with 3 replications. Early maturing accessions had inflorescence at 42.33 days while late maturing accessions were after 82 days. ANOVA test for quantitative traits revealed significant differences among the accessions for all traits studied except stem girth. Similarly, from frequency distribution of agromorphological characters, high variability was found in stem pigmentation, terminal inflorescence shape, inflorescence color, and seed color. Diversity indices (Shannon–Weaver diversity index and Simpson’s index of diversity) were also estimated in which inflorescence color, terminal inflorescence shape, seed color, stem pigmentation, leaf shape, branching index, and leaf pigmentation exhibited high variation confirming the presence of tremendous diversity in Amaranthus. Accessions NGRCO 6977, NGRCO 6969, and NGRCO 6871 had low disease incidence showing the potential of developing resistant varieties through précised breeding in the future. High yield attributing traits were possessed by accessions NGRCO 6977, CO 2435, NGRCO 6904, and CO 1239. Accession NGRCO 6977 was found superior among twelve accessions with highest grain yield and least disease occurrence which can further be evaluated in successive years as a promising variety in mid-hill region.
{"title":"Agromorphological Diversity and Disease Assessment of Grain Amaranth in Lamjung, Nepal","authors":"P. Adhikari, L. Joshi, D. Ayer, K. R. Tiwari","doi":"10.1155/2022/8969390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8969390","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranth is a nutritious traditional food and vegetable crop with incomparable health benefits. However, very little research has been carried out to study diversity of amaranth in Nepal. An experiment was conducted in the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal, during 2021 growing season to assess twelve amaranth accessions based on agromorphological characters. Seed materials were collected from the Nepal Agriculture Genetic Resource Center (NAGRC), Khumaltar, and the experiment was conducted in alpha-lattice design with 3 replications. Early maturing accessions had inflorescence at 42.33 days while late maturing accessions were after 82 days. ANOVA test for quantitative traits revealed significant differences among the accessions for all traits studied except stem girth. Similarly, from frequency distribution of agromorphological characters, high variability was found in stem pigmentation, terminal inflorescence shape, inflorescence color, and seed color. Diversity indices (Shannon–Weaver diversity index and Simpson’s index of diversity) were also estimated in which inflorescence color, terminal inflorescence shape, seed color, stem pigmentation, leaf shape, branching index, and leaf pigmentation exhibited high variation confirming the presence of tremendous diversity in Amaranthus. Accessions NGRCO 6977, NGRCO 6969, and NGRCO 6871 had low disease incidence showing the potential of developing resistant varieties through précised breeding in the future. High yield attributing traits were possessed by accessions NGRCO 6977, CO 2435, NGRCO 6904, and CO 1239. Accession NGRCO 6977 was found superior among twelve accessions with highest grain yield and least disease occurrence which can further be evaluated in successive years as a promising variety in mid-hill region.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74523435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. A. Wassie, Gashaw Fenta Assegahegn, Berhanu Tsegaye, A. Mekonnen
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable crop that belongs to the genus Allium under the family Alliaceae produced widely throughout the world. Field experiments were undertaken to evaluate the different varieties and plant spacings on the growth and bulb yield performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Beyeda district, North Gondar, Ethiopia. Four different levels of spacing (6, 8, 10, and 12 cm) and four different types of varieties (Shallot, Nasik red, Robat, and Nafis) were arranged under randomized complete block design (RCBD) of factorial arrangement with three replications. The experiment was arranged in 4 × 4 factorial combinations, and the total area was divided into three blocks each of which comprised 16 treatment combinations and a total of 48 plots. The highest plant height (54.18 cm), leaf length (45.48 cm), and leaf diameter (1.47 cm) were recorded from the variety of Nasik red while the lowest plant height, leaf length, and leaf diameter were measured from shallot. The highest leaf number was observed from shallot (37.53) while the lowest leaf number was recorded from the Nafis variety. The longest bulb length (4.44 cm) and the widest bulb diameter (4.67 cm) were obtained from the Nafis variety while the shortest bulb length and narrowest bulb diameter were measured from shallot. Inversely, the highest bulb weight (54.50 g/plant), total biomass (94.75 g/plant), and unmarketable bulb yield (1.75 t/ha) were recorded from shallot while the lowest bulb weight, total biomass, and unmarketable bulb yield were recorded from the Robat variety. Intrarow spacing showed a significant effect on onion growth and bulb yield parameters, as the earliest (135 days) and the most delayed (146 days) maturity were recorded at 6 cm and at 12 cm spaces, respectively. The highest unmarketable bulb yield has been seen at 8 cm and the lowest at 12 cm space of the Nasik red variety. Similarly, the highest leaf number, leaf diameter, bulb diameter, bulb weight, total biomass, marketable, and total bulb yield were recorded at 12 cm space under the Nafis variety. Furthermore, under the shallot variety, the widest bulb diameter was recorded at 10 cm while the narrowest one was recorded at 6 cm space. Generally, based on the result of marketable bulb yield performance, Nafis variety at 12 cm and 8 cm spaces, Robat at 6 cm space, and Nafis red at 10 cm space, respectively, have effective performance for onion production. The interaction effects of intrarow spacing with different varieties did not have a significant effect on all of the growth parameters and yield components.
{"title":"Evaluation of Intrarow Spacing on Growth and Yield Performance of Four Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in Beyeda District, North Gondar, Ethiopia","authors":"W. A. Wassie, Gashaw Fenta Assegahegn, Berhanu Tsegaye, A. Mekonnen","doi":"10.1155/2022/9408607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9408607","url":null,"abstract":"Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable crop that belongs to the genus Allium under the family Alliaceae produced widely throughout the world. Field experiments were undertaken to evaluate the different varieties and plant spacings on the growth and bulb yield performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Beyeda district, North Gondar, Ethiopia. Four different levels of spacing (6, 8, 10, and 12 cm) and four different types of varieties (Shallot, Nasik red, Robat, and Nafis) were arranged under randomized complete block design (RCBD) of factorial arrangement with three replications. The experiment was arranged in 4 × 4 factorial combinations, and the total area was divided into three blocks each of which comprised 16 treatment combinations and a total of 48 plots. The highest plant height (54.18 cm), leaf length (45.48 cm), and leaf diameter (1.47 cm) were recorded from the variety of Nasik red while the lowest plant height, leaf length, and leaf diameter were measured from shallot. The highest leaf number was observed from shallot (37.53) while the lowest leaf number was recorded from the Nafis variety. The longest bulb length (4.44 cm) and the widest bulb diameter (4.67 cm) were obtained from the Nafis variety while the shortest bulb length and narrowest bulb diameter were measured from shallot. Inversely, the highest bulb weight (54.50 g/plant), total biomass (94.75 g/plant), and unmarketable bulb yield (1.75 t/ha) were recorded from shallot while the lowest bulb weight, total biomass, and unmarketable bulb yield were recorded from the Robat variety. Intrarow spacing showed a significant effect on onion growth and bulb yield parameters, as the earliest (135 days) and the most delayed (146 days) maturity were recorded at 6 cm and at 12 cm spaces, respectively. The highest unmarketable bulb yield has been seen at 8 cm and the lowest at 12 cm space of the Nasik red variety. Similarly, the highest leaf number, leaf diameter, bulb diameter, bulb weight, total biomass, marketable, and total bulb yield were recorded at 12 cm space under the Nafis variety. Furthermore, under the shallot variety, the widest bulb diameter was recorded at 10 cm while the narrowest one was recorded at 6 cm space. Generally, based on the result of marketable bulb yield performance, Nafis variety at 12 cm and 8 cm spaces, Robat at 6 cm space, and Nafis red at 10 cm space, respectively, have effective performance for onion production. The interaction effects of intrarow spacing with different varieties did not have a significant effect on all of the growth parameters and yield components.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83560489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the factors influencing garlic producers’ market outlet selection decisions in Goncha Siso Enese District, Ethiopia. A total of 359 garlic producer households were polled, and the results were analyzed using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. According to the MVP model results, extension contact, access to market information, quantity of garlic sold, and farm experience in farming were negatively and significantly associated with the choice of consumer outlet. Besides this, the estimated MVP for retailer outlet choice is positively influenced by the amount of quantity sold, and farm experiences in garlic have a significant and positive effect on the choice of retailer outlets. In contrast, education level, access to credit, extension contact, and land area allocated for garlic have a negative influence on the choice of retail outlet. Moreover, wholesaler outlet choice is significantly and positively influenced by education level, access to credit, amount of quantity sold, extension contact, and distance to market, whereas it is negatively influenced by lagged price. Assembler outlet is also positively influenced by sex, distance to market, access to market information, and quantity sold, and negatively affected by extension contact and lag price. The implication is that, if smallholder garlic producers have access to alternative market outlets, they must select an appropriate combination of market outlets to maximize their income in the long run. It is suggested that equal access to marketing infrastructure in potential production areas, the garlic production system, and rural-urban development infrastructure should be improved and made more accessible.
{"title":"Determinants of Garlic Producers Market Outlet Choices in Goncha Siso Enese District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Multivariate Probit Regression Analysis","authors":"F. Chekol, Teshager Mazengia","doi":"10.1155/2022/6719106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6719106","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the factors influencing garlic producers’ market outlet selection decisions in Goncha Siso Enese District, Ethiopia. A total of 359 garlic producer households were polled, and the results were analyzed using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. According to the MVP model results, extension contact, access to market information, quantity of garlic sold, and farm experience in farming were negatively and significantly associated with the choice of consumer outlet. Besides this, the estimated MVP for retailer outlet choice is positively influenced by the amount of quantity sold, and farm experiences in garlic have a significant and positive effect on the choice of retailer outlets. In contrast, education level, access to credit, extension contact, and land area allocated for garlic have a negative influence on the choice of retail outlet. Moreover, wholesaler outlet choice is significantly and positively influenced by education level, access to credit, amount of quantity sold, extension contact, and distance to market, whereas it is negatively influenced by lagged price. Assembler outlet is also positively influenced by sex, distance to market, access to market information, and quantity sold, and negatively affected by extension contact and lag price. The implication is that, if smallholder garlic producers have access to alternative market outlets, they must select an appropriate combination of market outlets to maximize their income in the long run. It is suggested that equal access to marketing infrastructure in potential production areas, the garlic production system, and rural-urban development infrastructure should be improved and made more accessible.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89469000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honeybee colonies exhibit a wide range of variations in their performance, depending on genetic and environmental factors. However, there has been little research carried out on Apis mellifera bandasii (A. m. bandasii) populations to characterize their behavioural performance. To gain insight into the details of the behavioural performance of this local honeybee, we characterized and compared the colony performance of honeybee populations at different altitudes. Fifty honeybee colonies per site, making a total of 150 colonies, were established at Bako (mid-highland), Gedo, and Holeta (highland). The colonies were evaluated for brood-rearing activities, resource collecting, brood solidity, swarming, defensive and hygienic behaviours, and honey yield parameters. The average brood areas were determined to be 6114.13 ± 500.36, 3298.30 ± 365.92, and 2521.23 ± 244.67 cm2 per colony; the average nectar areas were found to be 3399.46 ± 738.88, 1238.78 ± 228.96, and 1883.09 ± 232.57 cm2 per colony; the average number of queen cells was determined to be 0.62 ± 0.30, 1.20 ± 0.39, and 2.19 ± 0.49 per colony; the average percent of pin-killed broods removed was determined to be 93.78 ± 1.74, 96.42 ± 1.86, and 80.09 ± 7.86 per colony; the average percent of colonies absconded was determined to be 36, 54, and 46 per site at Holeta, Gedo, and Bako, respectively. The mean differences among the locations for brood areas, nectar areas, number of queen cells, percent of pin-killed broods removed, and percent of colonies absconded were significant ( p < 0.05 ), while the variations in the area of stored pollen, brood solidness, and honey yield were not significant. Significant variation within colonies of the same apiary of the same subspecies was observed. These results showed that A. m. bandasii at Holeta had the best performance and that Bako had the lowest performance. Therefore, the variability in colony performances indicates the possibility of improving strains of native stocks through selection and breeding strategies using the variations as an opportunity.
{"title":"Determining the Performance of Apis Mellifera Bandasii Populations under Different Agro-Ecologies of Central Ethiopia","authors":"Tadele Hunde, Z. Hora","doi":"10.1155/2022/2591154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2591154","url":null,"abstract":"Honeybee colonies exhibit a wide range of variations in their performance, depending on genetic and environmental factors. However, there has been little research carried out on Apis mellifera bandasii (A. m. bandasii) populations to characterize their behavioural performance. To gain insight into the details of the behavioural performance of this local honeybee, we characterized and compared the colony performance of honeybee populations at different altitudes. Fifty honeybee colonies per site, making a total of 150 colonies, were established at Bako (mid-highland), Gedo, and Holeta (highland). The colonies were evaluated for brood-rearing activities, resource collecting, brood solidity, swarming, defensive and hygienic behaviours, and honey yield parameters. The average brood areas were determined to be 6114.13 ± 500.36, 3298.30 ± 365.92, and 2521.23 ± 244.67 cm2 per colony; the average nectar areas were found to be 3399.46 ± 738.88, 1238.78 ± 228.96, and 1883.09 ± 232.57 cm2 per colony; the average number of queen cells was determined to be 0.62 ± 0.30, 1.20 ± 0.39, and 2.19 ± 0.49 per colony; the average percent of pin-killed broods removed was determined to be 93.78 ± 1.74, 96.42 ± 1.86, and 80.09 ± 7.86 per colony; the average percent of colonies absconded was determined to be 36, 54, and 46 per site at Holeta, Gedo, and Bako, respectively. The mean differences among the locations for brood areas, nectar areas, number of queen cells, percent of pin-killed broods removed, and percent of colonies absconded were significant (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ), while the variations in the area of stored pollen, brood solidness, and honey yield were not significant. Significant variation within colonies of the same apiary of the same subspecies was observed. These results showed that A. m. bandasii at Holeta had the best performance and that Bako had the lowest performance. Therefore, the variability in colony performances indicates the possibility of improving strains of native stocks through selection and breeding strategies using the variations as an opportunity.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86473812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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