Bultossa Terefe Willy, Amsalu Bedemo Beyene, Daniel Masresha Amare
Due to their ability to produce meat, milk, leather, glue, gelatin, and other products that people may utilize, beef cattle are domesticated. Beef cattle production and marketing play a vital role in the growth and development of the globe and the African economy. Ethiopia has great potential for livestock population in Africa and in the world but earns less from beef cattle production and marketing. Ethiopian farmers are reluctant to beef cattle market participation. Their reluctant to participate in beef cattle marketing causes lack of beef cattle products in the market and causes high prices for beef cattle and its products. The research objective was to analyze the impact of beef cattle market participation on the welfare of beef cattle smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. The primary data come from 400 randomly selected beef cattle farmers involved in beef cattle production and marketing and actors. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics propensity score matching (PSM) model have used to analyze the collected data. The data analysis result indicated that smallholder beef cattle farmers participating in beef cattle marketing and farmers’ annual per capita consumption expenditure (economic welfare) increased by 84% more than the nonbeef cattle market participants. We assume this is a first result and investigation in the study area. The research study is important for farmers, policymakers, researchers, and the academia in general. Providing education and training, promoting the participation of more women in beef cattle marketing, and promoting and encouraging more full-time beef cattle farmers are suggested recommendations.
{"title":"The Determinants of Beef Cattle Market Participation on Beef Cattle Producers’ Welfare: A Case Study of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Bultossa Terefe Willy, Amsalu Bedemo Beyene, Daniel Masresha Amare","doi":"10.1155/2023/8822032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8822032","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their ability to produce meat, milk, leather, glue, gelatin, and other products that people may utilize, beef cattle are domesticated. Beef cattle production and marketing play a vital role in the growth and development of the globe and the African economy. Ethiopia has great potential for livestock population in Africa and in the world but earns less from beef cattle production and marketing. Ethiopian farmers are reluctant to beef cattle market participation. Their reluctant to participate in beef cattle marketing causes lack of beef cattle products in the market and causes high prices for beef cattle and its products. The research objective was to analyze the impact of beef cattle market participation on the welfare of beef cattle smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. The primary data come from 400 randomly selected beef cattle farmers involved in beef cattle production and marketing and actors. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics propensity score matching (PSM) model have used to analyze the collected data. The data analysis result indicated that smallholder beef cattle farmers participating in beef cattle marketing and farmers’ annual per capita consumption expenditure (economic welfare) increased by 84% more than the nonbeef cattle market participants. We assume this is a first result and investigation in the study area. The research study is important for farmers, policymakers, researchers, and the academia in general. Providing education and training, promoting the participation of more women in beef cattle marketing, and promoting and encouraging more full-time beef cattle farmers are suggested recommendations.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compatible production of forage grasses and legumes through intercropping is one of the best options to achieve higher biomass yield and forage quality for animal production in areas where land and other resources are scarce. This study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 with the aim of evaluating the best-match level of seeding rate of silverleaf desmodium (SLD) intercropped with desho grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consists of three levels of seeding rate of SLD (2, 4, and 6 kg ha−1) and one pure plot of each species. The result of this study showed that the intercropping of 6 kg ha−1 SLD with 100% of desho’s recommended plant population (50,000 plants ha−1) produced the highest forage dry matter yield and maximum plant height. The total dry matter yield (TDMY) of the intercrops was also significantly varied for the tested treatments. Accordingly, 6 kg ha−1 of SLD intercropped with 100% recommended seed rate of desho ha−1 gave the highest forage TDMY, which surpasses both the grass and legume yields in monoculture. The total land equivalent ratio (LER), which shows system productivity, was also different among the treatments. About 6 kg ha−1 of SLD intercropped with 100% recommended seed rate of desho also produced the highest LER (1.51). Thus, in Bako and similar agro-climatic conditions, where arable land is heavily covered with food crops, desho grass intercropping with SLD can be used as one of the best strategic options for producing feeds of energy and protein sources simultaneously on the same area of land.
{"title":"Determination of Optimum Level of Seeding Rate of Silver Leaf Desmodim Intercropping with Desho Grass for Dry Matter Yield and Yield-Related Components in Western Ethiopia","authors":"Wakgari Keba","doi":"10.1155/2023/6647745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6647745","url":null,"abstract":"Compatible production of forage grasses and legumes through intercropping is one of the best options to achieve higher biomass yield and forage quality for animal production in areas where land and other resources are scarce. This study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 with the aim of evaluating the best-match level of seeding rate of silverleaf desmodium (SLD) intercropped with desho grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consists of three levels of seeding rate of SLD (2, 4, and 6 kg ha−1) and one pure plot of each species. The result of this study showed that the intercropping of 6 kg ha−1 SLD with 100% of desho’s recommended plant population (50,000 plants ha−1) produced the highest forage dry matter yield and maximum plant height. The total dry matter yield (TDMY) of the intercrops was also significantly varied for the tested treatments. Accordingly, 6 kg ha−1 of SLD intercropped with 100% recommended seed rate of desho ha−1 gave the highest forage TDMY, which surpasses both the grass and legume yields in monoculture. The total land equivalent ratio (LER), which shows system productivity, was also different among the treatments. About 6 kg ha−1 of SLD intercropped with 100% recommended seed rate of desho also produced the highest LER (1.51). Thus, in Bako and similar agro-climatic conditions, where arable land is heavily covered with food crops, desho grass intercropping with SLD can be used as one of the best strategic options for producing feeds of energy and protein sources simultaneously on the same area of land.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achoja Roland Onomu, A. Taruvinga, Willie T. Chinyamurindi
Indigenous foods are the ancestral diet endemic to and consumed by the local people for ages, but there has been a recent discrepancy in their acceptability, growth and development. While some research suggested frequent consumption and growth of indigenous foods, others reported poor development and declining consumption despite their rich nutrition content. Moreover, research has failed to investigate and compile indigenous foods’ growth and developmental trends in whole and niche areas to ensure their promotion and competitiveness with their exotic counterparts due to reports highlighting their rambling and anecdotal pictures of economic significance and nutritional potential. The study reviewed literature and collated past research to examine and forecast the developmental growth of indigenous foods for more than two decades (2000–2022). It identifies niche areas that have received more or less growth of indigenous food, and the type of research (review, data, and experimental research) contributing to its growth and development. Through the review of related literature, this study demonstrates that indigenous foods contribute to improving household health, food, and nutritional security. For example, 80% of South Africans depend on indigenous foods for medicinal purposes. It also enhances the dietary diversity of household and reduces poverty through income generation and employment. Some indigenous foods (green leafy vegetables) are richer sources of mineral elements than their exotic crops counterparts. Some indigenous foods play a crucial role in the cultural identity of people/ethnic groups. Indigenous foods are beneficial in terms of income, as research shows that some households generate more than 25% of their income from the sales of indigenous foods harvested from the wild. Indigenous foods agribusiness is dominated by rural dwellers, the poor, and vulnerable people, with most (75%) of the stakeholders being elderly women. Most indigenous foods transactions occur in an open market structure and are overshadowed by vendors and middlemen. 951 articles were used to investigate the growth show steady growth and development of indigenous foods research. However, the growth is skewed toward a few niche areas. Medicinal, food, and nutritional composition analysis are some niche areas witnessing indigenous foods’ rapid growth and research development. Some indigenous foods have also seen growth in research development in a domestication niche area, but growth and development are lacking in the genetic improvement of many indigenous foods. Lack of awareness campaigns, value addition, marketing, and private/entrepreneurial investment and managerial/logistic techniques are other niche areas slowing the growth of indigenous foods, as revealed by the limited research. In decades (2000–2022), only 5.99% and 3.79% of research focused on indigenous foods value addition and awareness campaigns. More pragmatic research, policies, promotions, and value
{"title":"Potential and Transformation of Indigenous Floral Foods in Africa: What Research Tells Over the Past Two Decades (2000–2022)","authors":"Achoja Roland Onomu, A. Taruvinga, Willie T. Chinyamurindi","doi":"10.1155/2023/8877953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8877953","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous foods are the ancestral diet endemic to and consumed by the local people for ages, but there has been a recent discrepancy in their acceptability, growth and development. While some research suggested frequent consumption and growth of indigenous foods, others reported poor development and declining consumption despite their rich nutrition content. Moreover, research has failed to investigate and compile indigenous foods’ growth and developmental trends in whole and niche areas to ensure their promotion and competitiveness with their exotic counterparts due to reports highlighting their rambling and anecdotal pictures of economic significance and nutritional potential. The study reviewed literature and collated past research to examine and forecast the developmental growth of indigenous foods for more than two decades (2000–2022). It identifies niche areas that have received more or less growth of indigenous food, and the type of research (review, data, and experimental research) contributing to its growth and development. Through the review of related literature, this study demonstrates that indigenous foods contribute to improving household health, food, and nutritional security. For example, 80% of South Africans depend on indigenous foods for medicinal purposes. It also enhances the dietary diversity of household and reduces poverty through income generation and employment. Some indigenous foods (green leafy vegetables) are richer sources of mineral elements than their exotic crops counterparts. Some indigenous foods play a crucial role in the cultural identity of people/ethnic groups. Indigenous foods are beneficial in terms of income, as research shows that some households generate more than 25% of their income from the sales of indigenous foods harvested from the wild. Indigenous foods agribusiness is dominated by rural dwellers, the poor, and vulnerable people, with most (75%) of the stakeholders being elderly women. Most indigenous foods transactions occur in an open market structure and are overshadowed by vendors and middlemen. 951 articles were used to investigate the growth show steady growth and development of indigenous foods research. However, the growth is skewed toward a few niche areas. Medicinal, food, and nutritional composition analysis are some niche areas witnessing indigenous foods’ rapid growth and research development. Some indigenous foods have also seen growth in research development in a domestication niche area, but growth and development are lacking in the genetic improvement of many indigenous foods. Lack of awareness campaigns, value addition, marketing, and private/entrepreneurial investment and managerial/logistic techniques are other niche areas slowing the growth of indigenous foods, as revealed by the limited research. In decades (2000–2022), only 5.99% and 3.79% of research focused on indigenous foods value addition and awareness campaigns. More pragmatic research, policies, promotions, and value","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Corazon-Guivin, Sofia Rengifo-Del Aguila, Ángel David Hernández-Amasifuen, Víctor Manuel Arévalo-Rojas, Ronny Anthony Acosta-Córdova, Agustín Cerna-Mendoza, Thiago de Araújo Mastrangelo, Jorge Damian Valverde-Iparraguirre, J. C. Guerrero-Abad
Plukenetia volubilis (“sacha inchi”) is a perennial plant that produces edible seeds with a remarkable lipid composition that is highly concentrated in polyunsaturated essential fatty acids. Inca nut seeds have potential use for lowering malnutrition, enhancing sustainable food production systems, reforestation, and the pharmaceutical industry. The establishment of genetic variability, through spontaneous mutations or induced mutations, can bring desirable and undesirable agronomic traits. Our research focused on studying the impact of gamma radiation on P. volubilis seeds during their germination and vegetative growth. For this purpose, we exposed seeds to different doses of gamma irradiation (0, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, and 900 Gy) and planted them under in vitro and greenhouse conditions following a completely random design. Our findings showed that gamma radiation treatments did not affect the germination of P. volubilis seeds but affected its root tip growth. An analysis on morphological and physiological parameters revealed a reduction in seedling size and weight when the irradiation doses were increased. Also, the pattern of plant organ development changed as its gamma irradiation was increased. Finally, our analysis found that median lethal dose (LD50) for P. volubilis L. seeds is 618.78 Gy. Our findings can be used as an important reference for plant breeding in this species.
{"title":"Gamma Irradiation of Plukenetia volubilis L. Seeds Promotes Several Changes during Its Germination and Vegetative Growth","authors":"M. Corazon-Guivin, Sofia Rengifo-Del Aguila, Ángel David Hernández-Amasifuen, Víctor Manuel Arévalo-Rojas, Ronny Anthony Acosta-Córdova, Agustín Cerna-Mendoza, Thiago de Araújo Mastrangelo, Jorge Damian Valverde-Iparraguirre, J. C. Guerrero-Abad","doi":"10.1155/2023/9737125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9737125","url":null,"abstract":"Plukenetia volubilis (“sacha inchi”) is a perennial plant that produces edible seeds with a remarkable lipid composition that is highly concentrated in polyunsaturated essential fatty acids. Inca nut seeds have potential use for lowering malnutrition, enhancing sustainable food production systems, reforestation, and the pharmaceutical industry. The establishment of genetic variability, through spontaneous mutations or induced mutations, can bring desirable and undesirable agronomic traits. Our research focused on studying the impact of gamma radiation on P. volubilis seeds during their germination and vegetative growth. For this purpose, we exposed seeds to different doses of gamma irradiation (0, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, and 900 Gy) and planted them under in vitro and greenhouse conditions following a completely random design. Our findings showed that gamma radiation treatments did not affect the germination of P. volubilis seeds but affected its root tip growth. An analysis on morphological and physiological parameters revealed a reduction in seedling size and weight when the irradiation doses were increased. Also, the pattern of plant organ development changed as its gamma irradiation was increased. Finally, our analysis found that median lethal dose (LD50) for P. volubilis L. seeds is 618.78 Gy. Our findings can be used as an important reference for plant breeding in this species.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"21 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raghib Ishraq Alvy, M. H. M. Mubassir, M. F. Abdul-Wahab, Salehhuddin Hamdan
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are plant proteins that form signaling circuits to transduce information through the plant cell membrane to the nucleus and activate processes that direct growth, development, stress response, and disease resistance. Upon sensing various environmental stress stimuli, RLKs interact with specific targets and recruit several other proteins to initiate the defense mechanism. Among many RLK subfamilies, leucine-rich repeat RLKs (LRR-RLKs) are the largest. Xa21, a member of LRR-RLK, is a vital receptor protein in rice plants that binds with bacterial RaxX21-sY, whereas OsSERK2 is a somatic embryogenic receptor kinase (SERK) that acts as a coreceptor in this process. This study focuses on the effect of a substitution mutation of aspartate128 with asparagine128 (D128N) in OsSERK2 on the interdependent binding pattern of the Xa21, RaxX21-sY, and OsSERK2 D128N proteins. The in silico results showed that the D128N mutation in OsSERK2 can significantly change the interaction pattern of the critical residues of the OsSERK2 and affects its receptor-ligand (Xa21-RaxX21-sY) interaction in the complex. These findings are expected to significantly contribute to the study of the structural basis of Xa21-mediated immunity and the first layer of plant defense mechanisms, thereby aiding further research on these structures and their phenotypic implications.
{"title":"Effects of D128N Mutation on OsSERK2 in Xa21-Mediated Immune Complex: An In Silico Study","authors":"Raghib Ishraq Alvy, M. H. M. Mubassir, M. F. Abdul-Wahab, Salehhuddin Hamdan","doi":"10.1155/2023/2749859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2749859","url":null,"abstract":"Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are plant proteins that form signaling circuits to transduce information through the plant cell membrane to the nucleus and activate processes that direct growth, development, stress response, and disease resistance. Upon sensing various environmental stress stimuli, RLKs interact with specific targets and recruit several other proteins to initiate the defense mechanism. Among many RLK subfamilies, leucine-rich repeat RLKs (LRR-RLKs) are the largest. Xa21, a member of LRR-RLK, is a vital receptor protein in rice plants that binds with bacterial RaxX21-sY, whereas OsSERK2 is a somatic embryogenic receptor kinase (SERK) that acts as a coreceptor in this process. This study focuses on the effect of a substitution mutation of aspartate128 with asparagine128 (D128N) in OsSERK2 on the interdependent binding pattern of the Xa21, RaxX21-sY, and OsSERK2 D128N proteins. The in silico results showed that the D128N mutation in OsSERK2 can significantly change the interaction pattern of the critical residues of the OsSERK2 and affects its receptor-ligand (Xa21-RaxX21-sY) interaction in the complex. These findings are expected to significantly contribute to the study of the structural basis of Xa21-mediated immunity and the first layer of plant defense mechanisms, thereby aiding further research on these structures and their phenotypic implications.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Zaman, Muhammad Zeeshan Khan, Malik Mubashar Ishaq, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary, Muhammad Rizwan, Shabana Kausar, Ijaz Ahmad
Water plays a crucial role in better agricultural production. The situation of irrigation water in Pakistan is getting worse day by day. New sowing techniques for high-value agriculture are the only solution to increasing water and crop productivity. Drip irrigation coupled with mulch in tunnel farming can be an effective tool for better agricultural production. Therefore, this study was designed to check the impact of different mulch materials coupled with various irrigation schedules on cucumber yield and its root zone behavior. Three types of mulch, i.e., black, transparent, and wheat straw, each under two different levels of deficit irrigation (DI) of 20% DI and 40% DI, were compared with farmer practice as a control. The experiment was conducted at a farmer’s field and laid out under a randomized complete block design. The effect of treatments was checked on the number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and crop yield. Moreover, the effect of treatments was checked on the crop root zone. The Hydrus-1D model was calibrated to successfully simulate soil moisture in the root zone. The study’s results revealed that among all treatments, the total yield of the cucumber was higher under 20% DI than 40%. The treatment T3 (transparent mulch + 20% DI) had a maximum yield of 47.31 tons/ha, whereas the minimum yield of 31.86 tons/ha was obtained under control. There was little difference between the yield of black plastic mulch and wheat straw mulch. Maximum root length was found in the case of black mulch with 20% DI (86.9 cm), and the maximum diameter of the root zone canopy was observed under wheat straw mulch. Hydrus-1D proved its ability and was recommended for simulating root zone moisture, with the lowest value of R2 = 0.894. It was concluded that cucumber production with 20% DI is viable for drip irrigation with mulch applications.
水对提高农业产量起着至关重要的作用。巴基斯坦的灌溉用水状况日益恶化。新的高价值农业播种技术是提高用水量和作物产量的唯一解决办法。滴灌与地膜在隧道农业中的结合可以成为提高农业产量的有效工具。因此，本研究旨在检测不同地膜材料和不同灌溉时间对黄瓜产量及其根区行为的影响。在 20% DI 和 40% DI 两种不同程度的亏缺灌溉（DI）条件下，使用了三种地膜，即黑色地膜、透明地膜和小麦秸秆地膜，并以农民的做法作为对照进行了比较。试验在农民田间进行，采用随机整群设计。试验检验了各处理对每株叶片数、株高、每株果实数、每株果实重量和作物产量的影响。此外，还检验了处理对作物根区的影响。通过校准 Hydrus-1D 模型，成功模拟了根区的土壤湿度。研究结果表明，在所有处理中，20% DI 的黄瓜总产量高于 40%。处理 T3（透明地膜 + 20% DI）的最高产量为 47.31 吨/公顷，而对照组的最低产量为 31.86 吨/公顷。黑色塑料地膜和小麦秸秆地膜的产量差别不大。20% DI 的黑色塑料地膜的根长最大（86.9 厘米），小麦秸秆地膜的根区冠层直径最大。实践证明，Hydrus-1D 具有模拟根区水分的能力，建议用于模拟根区水分，其 R2 = 0.894 值最低。结论是，使用 20% DI 进行滴灌和地膜覆盖的黄瓜生产是可行的。
{"title":"Evaluation of Root Zone Behavior and Cucumber Yield under Different Mulch Materials and Irrigation Schedules under Tunnel Farming","authors":"Muhammad Zaman, Muhammad Zeeshan Khan, Malik Mubashar Ishaq, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary, Muhammad Rizwan, Shabana Kausar, Ijaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1155/2023/6435489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6435489","url":null,"abstract":"Water plays a crucial role in better agricultural production. The situation of irrigation water in Pakistan is getting worse day by day. New sowing techniques for high-value agriculture are the only solution to increasing water and crop productivity. Drip irrigation coupled with mulch in tunnel farming can be an effective tool for better agricultural production. Therefore, this study was designed to check the impact of different mulch materials coupled with various irrigation schedules on cucumber yield and its root zone behavior. Three types of mulch, i.e., black, transparent, and wheat straw, each under two different levels of deficit irrigation (DI) of 20% DI and 40% DI, were compared with farmer practice as a control. The experiment was conducted at a farmer’s field and laid out under a randomized complete block design. The effect of treatments was checked on the number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and crop yield. Moreover, the effect of treatments was checked on the crop root zone. The Hydrus-1D model was calibrated to successfully simulate soil moisture in the root zone. The study’s results revealed that among all treatments, the total yield of the cucumber was higher under 20% DI than 40%. The treatment T3 (transparent mulch + 20% DI) had a maximum yield of 47.31 tons/ha, whereas the minimum yield of 31.86 tons/ha was obtained under control. There was little difference between the yield of black plastic mulch and wheat straw mulch. Maximum root length was found in the case of black mulch with 20% DI (86.9 cm), and the maximum diameter of the root zone canopy was observed under wheat straw mulch. Hydrus-1D proved its ability and was recommended for simulating root zone moisture, with the lowest value of R2 = 0.894. It was concluded that cucumber production with 20% DI is viable for drip irrigation with mulch applications.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
East African countries contain a substantial proportion of cattle (9.3%, 136.4 million) and small ruminants (12%, 253.4 million) compared to the world’s total livestock population. In this region, more than 70% of the land surface is conducive to raise red meat animals. However, the region has limited share (approximately 1%) of meat products to the world market due to the failure to satisfy the minimal quality standard. Most of livestock farmers in this region are smallholders operating pastoral and mixed crop-livestock production systems. This study looked at reports on the quality of beef produced by smallholder production systems using Ethiopia as an example in order to identify potential and determinants in quality beef production under smallholders production system. In order to achieve this, research station beef quality reports were considered as a standard to compare the instrumental quality of beef reported from oxen and bulls raised by smallholders in mixed crop-livestock systems, ranches, and Hararghe cattle fattening systems. According to the analysis, oxen in the smallholders in the mixed crop-livestock systems produced comparatively lower-quality beef than oxen reared by the smallholders in the Hararghe fattening and bulls reared in the ranch systems, which produced good-quality beef. Improved feed resources are used in the Hararghe cattle fattening systems; oxen are used for draft service for a brief period of time (2.85 ± 0.58 years) and then sold for slaughter relatively at a young age. In pastoral settings, ranches offer options for the effective use of scare feed resources. The primary factors that determine the quality of beef produced from oxen raised in the mixed crop-livestock system were poor-quality feed resources, long-term draft service (6.62 ± 1.92 years), and old age at slaughter. To improve the quality of beef produced from the oxen raised in the mixed crop-livestock system, the practice of smallholder farmers in the Hararghe cattle fattening system needs to be adopted. The adoption of the practice also contributes to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the system and convert the subsistence mixed crop-livestock into a market-oriented system.
{"title":"Opportunities to Improve the Quality of Beef Produced under Smallholder Mixed Crop and Rangeland Livestock Production Systems","authors":"Y. Mummed","doi":"10.1155/2023/4104368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4104368","url":null,"abstract":"East African countries contain a substantial proportion of cattle (9.3%, 136.4 million) and small ruminants (12%, 253.4 million) compared to the world’s total livestock population. In this region, more than 70% of the land surface is conducive to raise red meat animals. However, the region has limited share (approximately 1%) of meat products to the world market due to the failure to satisfy the minimal quality standard. Most of livestock farmers in this region are smallholders operating pastoral and mixed crop-livestock production systems. This study looked at reports on the quality of beef produced by smallholder production systems using Ethiopia as an example in order to identify potential and determinants in quality beef production under smallholders production system. In order to achieve this, research station beef quality reports were considered as a standard to compare the instrumental quality of beef reported from oxen and bulls raised by smallholders in mixed crop-livestock systems, ranches, and Hararghe cattle fattening systems. According to the analysis, oxen in the smallholders in the mixed crop-livestock systems produced comparatively lower-quality beef than oxen reared by the smallholders in the Hararghe fattening and bulls reared in the ranch systems, which produced good-quality beef. Improved feed resources are used in the Hararghe cattle fattening systems; oxen are used for draft service for a brief period of time (2.85 ± 0.58 years) and then sold for slaughter relatively at a young age. In pastoral settings, ranches offer options for the effective use of scare feed resources. The primary factors that determine the quality of beef produced from oxen raised in the mixed crop-livestock system were poor-quality feed resources, long-term draft service (6.62 ± 1.92 years), and old age at slaughter. To improve the quality of beef produced from the oxen raised in the mixed crop-livestock system, the practice of smallholder farmers in the Hararghe cattle fattening system needs to be adopted. The adoption of the practice also contributes to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the system and convert the subsistence mixed crop-livestock into a market-oriented system.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"176 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamal Ali, Ali Seid Mohammed, Amare Bitew Mekonnen
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. is an invasive alien species (IAS) damaging agricultural and natural ecosystems that threat biodiversity in Ethiopia. This IAS can be managed by utilizing it as a resource in agricultural production. This study analyzed the role of P. juliflora biochar on germination and growth performance of maize and wheat under field conditions in Wollo, Ethiopia. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to test the effect of biochar on sandy–loam soil with and without fertilizer. In this experiment, biochar from P. juliflora was applied on the above two crops at 5, 10, and 20 t/ha with and without N–P fertilizers. From the result, a 100% germination and high growth of test crops were observed from 10 t/ha biochar with fertilizer mixed treatments. The shoot dry weight of both maize and wheat showed significant differences among treatments. While a single dosage (10 t/ha) increased maize dry weight by 21% without fertilizer, but it reduced dry weight by 10% when used with fertilizer. In the case of wheat, single and double dose biochar with NPS treatments increased shoot dry weight by 22.2% and 30%, respectively. This showed that application of biochar up to 20 t/ha in combination with fertilizers can significantly improve crop growth. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of biochar of P. juliflora is a good soil amendment option and, thus, this IAS can be managed by utilization.
{"title":"Biochar of Prosopis juliflora for Improving Crops Germination and Growth on Sandy–Loam Soil","authors":"Jamal Ali, Ali Seid Mohammed, Amare Bitew Mekonnen","doi":"10.1155/2023/1483976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1483976","url":null,"abstract":"Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. is an invasive alien species (IAS) damaging agricultural and natural ecosystems that threat biodiversity in Ethiopia. This IAS can be managed by utilizing it as a resource in agricultural production. This study analyzed the role of P. juliflora biochar on germination and growth performance of maize and wheat under field conditions in Wollo, Ethiopia. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to test the effect of biochar on sandy–loam soil with and without fertilizer. In this experiment, biochar from P. juliflora was applied on the above two crops at 5, 10, and 20 t/ha with and without N–P fertilizers. From the result, a 100% germination and high growth of test crops were observed from 10 t/ha biochar with fertilizer mixed treatments. The shoot dry weight of both maize and wheat showed significant differences among treatments. While a single dosage (10 t/ha) increased maize dry weight by 21% without fertilizer, but it reduced dry weight by 10% when used with fertilizer. In the case of wheat, single and double dose biochar with NPS treatments increased shoot dry weight by 22.2% and 30%, respectively. This showed that application of biochar up to 20 t/ha in combination with fertilizers can significantly improve crop growth. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of biochar of P. juliflora is a good soil amendment option and, thus, this IAS can be managed by utilization.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"47 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In southern African countries, production of indigenous leafy vegetables is commonly practiced at home garden and/or commercial level due to their significant contribution toward eradication of hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) is among African leafy vegetable (ALV) highly recognised for its pharmacological and nutritive benefits. Several research have shown that ALVs can be cultivated in the open field or greenhouses, however, little information is available on the changes of the agronomical parameters and mineral composition. The aim of the study was to compare the physiological parameters and mineral composition of nightshade grown in the open field vs. greenhouse cropping systems. The results of the study revealed high-leaf area and relative chlorophyll content in the open field conditions while plant height and the number of leaves were reportedly higher under the greenhouse system. Minerals elements such as magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminium were significantly higher in the open field cropping system, while greenhouse cultivation recorded higher sulphur and boron. Notably, no significant amount was observed in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium between open field and greenhouse system. Furthermore, a significant amount of total nitrogen was reported in the open field, however, no significant difference was observed in moisture and ash content for both cropping systems. In conclusion, black nightshade cultivated in open field provided higher leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and trace elements compared to greenhouse cultivation while macro minerals concentration had no significant difference in both cropping systems.
{"title":"Response of Black Nightshade to Different Cropping Systems and the Effect on Physiological Parameters and Mineral Composition","authors":"Gudani Millicent Managa, Lufuno Ethel Nemadodzi","doi":"10.1155/2023/3238867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3238867","url":null,"abstract":"In southern African countries, production of indigenous leafy vegetables is commonly practiced at home garden and/or commercial level due to their significant contribution toward eradication of hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) is among African leafy vegetable (ALV) highly recognised for its pharmacological and nutritive benefits. Several research have shown that ALVs can be cultivated in the open field or greenhouses, however, little information is available on the changes of the agronomical parameters and mineral composition. The aim of the study was to compare the physiological parameters and mineral composition of nightshade grown in the open field vs. greenhouse cropping systems. The results of the study revealed high-leaf area and relative chlorophyll content in the open field conditions while plant height and the number of leaves were reportedly higher under the greenhouse system. Minerals elements such as magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminium were significantly higher in the open field cropping system, while greenhouse cultivation recorded higher sulphur and boron. Notably, no significant amount was observed in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium between open field and greenhouse system. Furthermore, a significant amount of total nitrogen was reported in the open field, however, no significant difference was observed in moisture and ash content for both cropping systems. In conclusion, black nightshade cultivated in open field provided higher leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and trace elements compared to greenhouse cultivation while macro minerals concentration had no significant difference in both cropping systems.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teff is an important food crop for the majority of Ethiopian; however, its productivity is constrained by lack of improved varieties and low soil fertility. Thus, field experiments were conducted in 2019/20 and 2020/21 main cropping seasons at Yaya Gulale district on the farm and at Adama district on research station, respectively to assess the response of teff varieties to NPSZnB-blended fertilizer. Three teff varieties (Dagim, Kora, Nigus) and five rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1) of blended NPSZnB fertilizer were evaluated on both sites. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design of factorial arrangement with three replications at both locations. The highest biomass (7,639 kg ha−1), grain (1,944 kg ha−1), and straw (5,696 kg ha−1) yields were recorded from variety Kora without statistical difference from variety Dagim as compared to variety Nigus on-station. More yields were also recorded from the station compared to on-farm. Highest biomass (7,341 and 8,868), grain (1,767 and 2,477), and straw (5,507 and 6,391 kg ha−1) yields were recorded from on-farm and on-station sites, respectively, at 200 kg ha−1 NPSZnB. Also, the highest mean lodging index (82.56% and 63.89%) was observed on plots supplied with 200 kg ha−1 NPSB on-farm and on-station, respectively. In addition, the partial economic analysis showed that Dagim variety at 200 and 150 kg ha−1 NPSZnB generated better net benefits (533,745 and 106,204 Birr ha−1) with higher marginal rate of returns (6,771.9% and 4,621.9%) on-farm and on-station, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the teff variety Dagim grown with 200 kg ha−1 at Yaya Gulale district (on-farm) and with 150 kg ha−1 NPSZnB applications at Adama district (on-station) is promising treatments for production and economic advantages of teff in Ethiopia.
对大多数埃塞俄比亚人来说，苔麸是一种重要的粮食作物;然而，由于缺乏改良品种和土壤肥力低，其生产力受到限制。为此，本研究于2019/20和2020/21主作季分别在该农场的雅雅古莱区和研究站的阿达玛区进行了田间试验，以评价不同品种的teff对npsznb混合肥料的响应。在两个试验点分别评价了3个苔麸品种(Dagim、Kora、Nigus)和5个氮磷锌混合肥料(0、50、100、150和200 kg ha - 1)的施用效果。处理采用随机完全区组设计的因子排列，在两个地点有三个重复。Kora品种的生物量(7,639 kg ha - 1)、谷物(1,944 kg ha - 1)和秸秆(5,696 kg ha - 1)产量最高，与Dagim品种相比，Nigus品种在站内没有统计学差异。与农场相比，该站记录的产量也更高。在200 kg ha - 1 NPSZnB，农场和站点分别记录到了最高的生物量(7,341和8,868)、谷物(1,767和2,477)和秸秆(5,507和6,391 kg ha - 1)产量。此外，200 kg ha - 1 NPSB在农场和站点的平均倒伏指数最高，分别为82.56%和63.89%。此外，部分经济分析表明，200和150 kg ha - 1 NPSZnB处理的Dagim品种在农场和站点分别产生了更好的净效益(533,745和106,204 Birr ha - 1)，边际收益率更高(6,771.9%和4,621.9%)。因此，在Yaya Gulale区(农场)施用200 kg ha - 1，在Adama区(站)施用150 kg ha - 1 NPSZnB，可以提高埃塞俄比亚teff的产量和经济效益。
{"title":"Comparison of Teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) Varieties in Response to Blended NPSZnB Fertilizer On-Farm and on Research Station","authors":"Zewdu Berhanu, Mekoya Yifru, D. Geleta, F. Liben","doi":"10.1155/2023/2991419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2991419","url":null,"abstract":"Teff is an important food crop for the majority of Ethiopian; however, its productivity is constrained by lack of improved varieties and low soil fertility. Thus, field experiments were conducted in 2019/20 and 2020/21 main cropping seasons at Yaya Gulale district on the farm and at Adama district on research station, respectively to assess the response of teff varieties to NPSZnB-blended fertilizer. Three teff varieties (Dagim, Kora, Nigus) and five rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1) of blended NPSZnB fertilizer were evaluated on both sites. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design of factorial arrangement with three replications at both locations. The highest biomass (7,639 kg ha−1), grain (1,944 kg ha−1), and straw (5,696 kg ha−1) yields were recorded from variety Kora without statistical difference from variety Dagim as compared to variety Nigus on-station. More yields were also recorded from the station compared to on-farm. Highest biomass (7,341 and 8,868), grain (1,767 and 2,477), and straw (5,507 and 6,391 kg ha−1) yields were recorded from on-farm and on-station sites, respectively, at 200 kg ha−1 NPSZnB. Also, the highest mean lodging index (82.56% and 63.89%) was observed on plots supplied with 200 kg ha−1 NPSB on-farm and on-station, respectively. In addition, the partial economic analysis showed that Dagim variety at 200 and 150 kg ha−1 NPSZnB generated better net benefits (533,745 and 106,204 Birr ha−1) with higher marginal rate of returns (6,771.9% and 4,621.9%) on-farm and on-station, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the teff variety Dagim grown with 200 kg ha−1 at Yaya Gulale district (on-farm) and with 150 kg ha−1 NPSZnB applications at Adama district (on-station) is promising treatments for production and economic advantages of teff in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":30608,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77273754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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