In the mythology-inspired novel Menaka’s Choice (2016), Kavita Kané discovers that the female body is continuously perceived both as an object of sexual desire and as an individual being by disrupting the conventional understanding of Apsara Menaka. Using Foucault’s concept of docile bodies and organic individuality the paper studies how power, in the form of ‘system’, imposes docility on women’s bodies. The paper weaves the potential for feminist thought as the novel rediscovers the recondite experiences that have been shrouded for centuries by giving central position to silent agents of Hindu mythology. Eventually, it attempts to analyse the act of seduction from the context of gender and how the individual tries to resist that disciplinary system.
{"title":"The Prisoner of Gender: Panopticon, Persuasion, and Surveillance of Women in Kavita Kané’s Menaka’s Choice","authors":"M. Meenakshi, Nagendra Kumar","doi":"10.31178/ubr.10.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31178/ubr.10.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In the mythology-inspired novel Menaka’s Choice (2016), Kavita Kané discovers that the female body is continuously perceived both as an object of sexual desire and as an individual being by disrupting the conventional understanding of Apsara Menaka. Using Foucault’s concept of docile bodies and organic individuality the paper studies how power, in the form of ‘system’, imposes docility on women’s bodies. The paper weaves the potential for feminist thought as the novel rediscovers the recondite experiences that have been shrouded for centuries by giving central position to silent agents of Hindu mythology. Eventually, it attempts to analyse the act of seduction from the context of gender and how the individual tries to resist that disciplinary system.","PeriodicalId":306553,"journal":{"name":"University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126427300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Religious advertising is a new phenomenon within the Ukrainian media sphere. It is successfully developing within the framework of modern media technologies. The expansion of the semantic field of religious concepts, the citation of sacred texts, the synchronization of the visual-figurative series, the synchronization of the substitute characteristics of God were revealed in Ukrainian religious advertising. In traditional approaches, the substitutional function is realized mainly by anthropic visualizations and appeal to the Sacred text. Another substitutional type can be observed when the emphasis is on the verbalized story, rather than on the visual component. Characteristics of God's linguistic personality, behavioural models of God, status-role structure of interaction with God are modern substitutes of God. As a rule, the substitution is represented as a complex of the sensor experience verbalizators of the concept ‘OWN’. This type of substitution causes the comfortable feelings of high selfesteem, relaxation, security, care, associated with God as the subjective source of these states. As a result, a renewal of the subjective perceptual model of communication with God is achieved. The social perception of God, through the objectification of His virtual presence in informal interpersonal interaction, including sexual, domestic, cognitive, etc., is also enriched. On account of this, the level of tolerance in society to various manifestations of deviations from traditional normative ideas (religious, ethnocultural, gender, etc.) is growing.
{"title":"Religious Advertising as an Evolutionary Form of Canonical Text Retelling","authors":"O. Klymentova","doi":"10.31178/ubr.10.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31178/ubr.10.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Religious advertising is a new phenomenon within the Ukrainian media sphere. It is successfully developing within the framework of modern media technologies. The expansion of the semantic field of religious concepts, the citation of sacred texts, the synchronization of the visual-figurative series, the synchronization of the substitute characteristics of God were revealed in Ukrainian religious advertising. In traditional approaches, the substitutional function is realized mainly by anthropic visualizations and appeal to the Sacred text. Another substitutional type can be observed when the emphasis is on the verbalized story, rather than on the visual component. Characteristics of God's linguistic personality, behavioural models of God, status-role structure of interaction with God are modern substitutes of God. As a rule, the substitution is represented as a complex of the sensor experience verbalizators of the concept ‘OWN’. This type of substitution causes the comfortable feelings of high selfesteem, relaxation, security, care, associated with God as the subjective source of these states. As a result, a renewal of the subjective perceptual model of communication with God is achieved. The social perception of God, through the objectification of His virtual presence in informal interpersonal interaction, including sexual, domestic, cognitive, etc., is also enriched. On account of this, the level of tolerance in society to various manifestations of deviations from traditional normative ideas (religious, ethnocultural, gender, etc.) is growing.","PeriodicalId":306553,"journal":{"name":"University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122077658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the following text, I will discuss the gradual erosion of historical accuracy in connection to a series of hagiographic texts concerning the biography of Saint Patrick, Ireland’s patron saint. I will outline each one against a wide historical and cultural backdrop and subsequently ascertain whether or not the changes that hagiographers introduced over the centuries have been detrimental to his legacy. The texts I have chosen to analyse can be separated into two major time periods: the first being the trio of works that construct the absolute basics of the Saint Patrick legend, all originating from the 5th to 7th centuries, which are the autobiographical Confessio, with its heavy focus on relaying a Christian moral about sin, and the historical sources Bishop Tírechán's Account of St. Patrick's Journey and Muirchú's Life of St. Patrick. With these early hagiographic texts serving as reference points, I will, however, primarily study two Spanish Patrician works from the 17th Century: Pérez de Montalbán’s 1627 work Vida y Purgatorio de San Patricio and Pedro Calderón de la Barca’s play El purgatorio de San Patricio, or The Purgatory of Saint Patrick in its English translation. Within my analysis I will determine whether or not the changes integrated into his story by Montalbán and Calderón in fact matter to the overall legacy of Saint Patrick in the modern-day and if they had any lasting impact to readers, bearing in mind that both texts, more or less, retain the essentials of his Christian message and promote him as an exemplary spiritual figure within history.
在下文中，我将讨论与一系列关于爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克传记的圣徒传记文本有关的历史准确性的逐渐侵蚀。我将在广泛的历史和文化背景下概述每一个，并随后确定圣徒传记作者在几个世纪以来引入的变化是否对他的遗产有害。我选择分析的文本可以分为两个主要时期:第一个是构建圣帕特里克传奇的绝对基础的三部作品，全部起源于5世纪到7世纪，这是自传体的《忏悔录》，其重点是传达基督教关于罪的道德，以及历史来源主教Tírechán的《圣帕特里克的旅程》和Muirchú的《圣帕特里克的生活》。有了这些早期的圣徒传记文本作为参考点，我将主要研究17世纪的两部西班牙贵族作品:prez de Montalbán 1627年的作品《Vida y Purgatorio de San Patricio》和Pedro Calderón de la Barca的戏剧《El Purgatorio de San Patricio》，或英文翻译的《圣帕特里克的炼狱》。在我的分析中，我将确定Montalbán和Calderón整合到他的故事中的变化是否实际上对现代圣帕特里克的整体遗产有影响，以及它们是否对读者有任何持久的影响，记住这两个文本或多或少保留了他的基督教信息的要点，并将他提升为历史上的典范精神人物。
{"title":"From Confessio to Calderón de la Barca: the Literary Evolution of St. Patrick’s Biography and the Question of his Legacy","authors":"Jonathan McCreedy","doi":"10.31178/ubr.11.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31178/ubr.11.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the following text, I will discuss the gradual erosion of historical accuracy in connection to a series of hagiographic texts concerning the biography of Saint Patrick, Ireland’s patron saint. I will outline each one against a wide historical and cultural backdrop and subsequently ascertain whether or not the changes that hagiographers introduced over the centuries have been detrimental to his legacy. The texts I have chosen to analyse can be separated into two major time periods: the first being the trio of works that construct the absolute basics of the Saint Patrick legend, all originating from the 5th to 7th centuries, which are the autobiographical Confessio, with its heavy focus on relaying a Christian moral about sin, and the historical sources Bishop Tírechán's Account of St. Patrick's Journey and Muirchú's Life of St. Patrick. With these early hagiographic texts serving as reference points, I will, however, primarily study two Spanish Patrician works from the 17th Century: Pérez de Montalbán’s 1627 work Vida y Purgatorio de San Patricio and Pedro Calderón de la Barca’s play El purgatorio de San Patricio, or The Purgatory of Saint Patrick in its English translation. Within my analysis I will determine whether or not the changes integrated into his story by Montalbán and Calderón in fact matter to the overall legacy of Saint Patrick in the modern-day and if they had any lasting impact to readers, bearing in mind that both texts, more or less, retain the essentials of his Christian message and promote him as an exemplary spiritual figure within history.","PeriodicalId":306553,"journal":{"name":"University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134491824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rigid social conventions for women in rural twentieth century Ireland, specifically that of the nun and the mother, are illustrated and subsequently subverted by the figures of the scandalous woman and the witch in Edna O’Brien’s short story, “A Scandalous Woman”. Most of the scholarship on this short story and O’Brien’s work in general has been focused on the gender roles in terms of women’s rights. The purpose of this paper, however, is to explore the interrelationship between both the accepted and subversive roles of women, and at the same time demonstrate how social conventions are made subversive by the natural surroundings, outlining both the conventional and subversive nature symbolism which underpins conventional morality. Nature takes on various guises in the story: it has symbolic importance as spiritual sustenance, it has an underlying psychological component, and finally it is present in both erotic and esoteric situations. Spaces are inexorably intertwined with religion and the role of the women in the story, specifically in the context of Eily, the protagonist, and her progression from an innocent girl to a scandalous woman. These connections also serve to illustrate the main character’s progression from innocent girl to scandalous woman in terms of the interactions of gender, nature, and space.
{"title":"Nature as Space: Gender Roles and Subversion in Edna O’Brien’s “A Scandalous Woman”","authors":"C. George","doi":"10.31178/ubr.11.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31178/ubr.11.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The rigid social conventions for women in rural twentieth century Ireland, specifically that of the nun and the mother, are illustrated and subsequently subverted by the figures of the scandalous woman and the witch in Edna O’Brien’s short story, “A Scandalous Woman”. Most of the scholarship on this short story and O’Brien’s work in general has been focused on the gender roles in terms of women’s rights. The purpose of this paper, however, is to explore the interrelationship between both the accepted and subversive roles of women, and at the same time demonstrate how social conventions are made subversive by the natural surroundings, outlining both the conventional and subversive nature symbolism which underpins conventional morality. Nature takes on various guises in the story: it has symbolic importance as spiritual sustenance, it has an underlying psychological component, and finally it is present in both erotic and esoteric situations. Spaces are inexorably intertwined with religion and the role of the women in the story, specifically in the context of Eily, the protagonist, and her progression from an innocent girl to a scandalous woman. These connections also serve to illustrate the main character’s progression from innocent girl to scandalous woman in terms of the interactions of gender, nature, and space.","PeriodicalId":306553,"journal":{"name":"University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117280263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Counter-narration re-casts existing narratives and foregrounds the marginalised by giving them agency and performativity. They are narratives that challenge and provide resistance against dominant and hegemonic grand narratives which have been instrumental in formulating a social ideology over a long period of time making them normative. The Ramayana, an ancient epic is a multi-layered story of Prince Rama and Princess Sita and their role in the politics of power, state and patriarchy. It is a grand or master narrative that presupposes the passivity of the female as normative. It portrays Sita, King Rama’s wife, as someone who experiences marginalization and oppression and is a victim of the dominant narrative of patriarchy. This paper will use the theory of counternarrative and analyse Amish Tripathi’s novel Sita: Warrior of Mithila (2017) in order to show how he has recast Sita deconstructing the myth of passivity. Here, Sita resists prescriptive norms of the dominant narrative, wherein she has been projected as the silent receptor and problematizes the patriarchal ideology propagated through the master narrative. This paper will show how counter storytelling or counter narrating by Amish Tripathi has challenged and defied the narrative silence and hegemony in The Ramayana, while making the female powerful and capable in education, warfare and state governance.
{"title":"Counter-narrating: Re-constructing “Sita” in Amish's Sita: Warrior of Mithila","authors":"Shruti Das","doi":"10.31178/ubr.11.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31178/ubr.11.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Counter-narration re-casts existing narratives and foregrounds the marginalised by giving them agency and performativity. They are narratives that challenge and provide resistance against dominant and hegemonic grand narratives which have been instrumental in formulating a social ideology over a long period of time making them normative. The Ramayana, an ancient epic is a multi-layered story of Prince Rama and Princess Sita and their role in the politics of power, state and patriarchy. It is a grand or master narrative that presupposes the passivity of the female as normative. It portrays Sita, King Rama’s wife, as someone who experiences marginalization and oppression and is a victim of the dominant narrative of patriarchy. This paper will use the theory of counternarrative and analyse Amish Tripathi’s novel Sita: Warrior of Mithila (2017) in order to show how he has recast Sita deconstructing the myth of passivity. Here, Sita resists prescriptive norms of the dominant narrative, wherein she has been projected as the silent receptor and problematizes the patriarchal ideology propagated through the master narrative. This paper will show how counter storytelling or counter narrating by Amish Tripathi has challenged and defied the narrative silence and hegemony in The Ramayana, while making the female powerful and capable in education, warfare and state governance.","PeriodicalId":306553,"journal":{"name":"University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128764017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The political and cultural contexts are very important to the experience of trauma (individual or communal), and yet, ultimately every reaction to an event is unique, depending largely on individual positioning and psychic history. ‘True’ versions of traumatic historical events, with minimum contamination or distortion by any specific ideology or unreliable memory, are needed; if these narratives are to have long-term value. Unfortunately, most often the ‘social discourse’ surrounding these is manipulated by institutional forces (including the media) and the main experience gets either downplayed or sensationalised. By focussing on the journey of the Palestinian doctor, Dr. Izzeldin Abuelaish, this essay attempts to highlight such responsible responses to trauma. Dr. Abuelaish, even after growing up in a refugee camp in Gaza, or after witnessing the death of his three daughters by Israeli tank shells that hit his home, rather than seeking revenge or letting intrusive memories fill him with eternal hatred, continues his humanitarian call for the people of the region to come together, promoting understanding, respect, and peace. His experiences, some of which was captured live on TV, and later penned down in his memoir I Shall Not Hate; and his life choices and activities since the tragedy are the best example how unconventional individual reactions can have largescale repercussions; and hence needs to be chronicled. Dominick LaCapra had pointed out that trauma often leads to distorted identity-formation, where either the subject-position of ‘victim’ or ‘perpetrator’ becomes prominent; “wherein one is possessed by the past and tends to repeat it compulsively” (Representing the Holocaust 12). But this article seeks to reveal how, when some individuals find within themselves to rise above such binaries, and tell their stories sensitively yet objectively- they accelerate the healing process, both for themselves and the community.
{"title":"The Road Less Travelled: Reading dr. Izzeldein Abuelaish’s I Shall Not Hate as Responsible Response to Trauma","authors":"S. Chakravorty","doi":"10.31178/ubr.9.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31178/ubr.9.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The political and cultural contexts are very important to the experience of trauma (individual or communal), and yet, ultimately every reaction to an event is unique, depending largely on individual positioning and psychic history. ‘True’ versions of traumatic historical events, with minimum contamination or distortion by any specific ideology or unreliable memory, are needed; if these narratives are to have long-term value. Unfortunately, most often the ‘social discourse’ surrounding these is manipulated by institutional forces (including the media) and the main experience gets either downplayed or sensationalised. By focussing on the journey of the Palestinian doctor, Dr. Izzeldin Abuelaish, this essay attempts to highlight such responsible responses to trauma. Dr. Abuelaish, even after growing up in a refugee camp in Gaza, or after witnessing the death of his three daughters by Israeli tank shells that hit his home, rather than seeking revenge or letting intrusive memories fill him with eternal hatred, continues his humanitarian call for the people of the region to come together, promoting understanding, respect, and peace. His experiences, some of which was captured live on TV, and later penned down in his memoir I Shall Not Hate; and his life choices and activities since the tragedy are the best example how unconventional individual reactions can have largescale repercussions; and hence needs to be chronicled. Dominick LaCapra had pointed out that trauma often leads to distorted identity-formation, where either the subject-position of ‘victim’ or ‘perpetrator’ becomes prominent; “wherein one is possessed by the past and tends to repeat it compulsively” (Representing the Holocaust 12). But this article seeks to reveal how, when some individuals find within themselves to rise above such binaries, and tell their stories sensitively yet objectively- they accelerate the healing process, both for themselves and the community.","PeriodicalId":306553,"journal":{"name":"University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series","volume":"6 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116815167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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