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Dynamic Response of Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine in Freak Wave 桅杆式浮式海上风力机在异常波浪中的动力响应
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-95638
You-gang Tang, Yan Li, Xie Peng, X. Qu, Wang Bin
Simulations are conducted in time domain to investigate the dynamic response of a SPAR-type floating offshore wind turbine under the scenarios with freak wave. Towards this end, a coupled aero-hydro numerical model is developed. The methodology includes a blade-element-momentum model for aerodynamics, a nonlinear model for hydrodynamics, a nonlinear restoring model of SPAR buoy, and a nonlinear algorithm for mooring cables. The OC3 Hywind SPAR-type FOWT is chosen as an example to study the dynamic response under the freak conditions, while the time series of freak wave is generated by the Random Frequency Components Selection Phase Modulation Method. The motions of platform, the tensions in the mooring lines and the power generation performance are documented in different cases. According to the simulations, it shows that the power coefficient of wind turbine decreased rapidly at the moment when freak wave acted on the floating structure.
对spar型海上浮式风力机在异常波浪作用下的动力响应进行了时域仿真研究。为此,建立了气动-水力耦合数值模型。该方法包括空气动力学的叶片-单元-动量模型、水动力学的非线性模型、SPAR浮标的非线性恢复模型和系泊索的非线性算法。以OC3 Hywind spar型FOWT为例,研究了异常工况下的动态响应,采用随机频率分量选择相位调制方法生成异常波的时间序列。在不同的情况下,记录了平台的运动,系泊线的张力和发电性能。仿真结果表明,在异型波浪作用于浮式结构时,风力机的功率系数迅速下降。
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引用次数: 0
Wave-Powered AUV Recharging: A Feasibility Study 波浪动力水下航行器充电:可行性研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-95383
Blake P. Driscol, A. Gish, R. Coe
The aim of this study is to determine whether multiple U.S. Navy autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) could be supported using a small, heaving wave energy converter (WEC). The U.S. Navy operates numerous AUVs that need to be charged periodically onshore or onboard a support ship. Ocean waves provide a vast source of energy that can be converted into electricity using a wave energy converter and stored using a conventional battery. The Navy would benefit from the development of a wave energy converter that could store electrical power and autonomously charge its AUVs offshore. A feasibility analysis is required to ensure that the WEC could support the energy needs of multiple AUVs, remain covert, and offer a strategic military advantage. This paper investigates the Navy’s power demands for AUVs and decides whether or not these demands could be met utilizing various measures of WEC efficiency. Wave data from a potential geographic region is analyzed to determine optimal locations for the converter in order to meet the Navy’s power demands and mission set.
本研究的目的是确定是否可以使用小型波浪能量转换器(WEC)支持多个美国海军自主水下航行器(auv)。美国海军有许多auv需要定期在岸上或在支援船上充电。海浪提供了巨大的能量来源,可以通过波浪能量转换器转换成电能,并使用传统电池储存起来。美国海军将受益于波能转换器的发展,这种转换器可以储存电能,并自主为海上的auv充电。需要进行可行性分析,以确保WEC能够支持多个auv的能源需求,保持隐蔽,并提供战略军事优势。本文研究了海军对auv的动力需求,并确定了这些需求是否可以通过各种WEC效率措施来满足。分析来自潜在地理区域的波浪数据,以确定转换器的最佳位置,以满足海军的电力需求和任务设置。
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引用次数: 3
The Influence of Tidal Unsteadiness on a Tidal Turbine Blade Flow-Induced Vibration 潮汐非定常对潮汐涡轮机叶片流激振动的影响
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-96007
N. Arini, S. Turnock, M. Tan
The influence of unsteady tidal flow on the flow-induced vibration of a vertical axis tidal turbine blade is investigated numerically in this paper. A 2D CFD model is developed to simulate the blade flow-induced vibration in OpenFoam. The vibration is caused by dynamic loading from the unsteady tide. It is recognized that the unsteady tidal current mainly comes from the changes in tidal velocity magnitude and angle of attack experienced by a tidal turbine blade as it rotates. This paper studies numerically how velocity magnitude and initial angle of attack influence tidal turbine blade vibrations and the effects of the velocity and angle of attack are evaluated separately where the unsteadiness parameters are varied around a set of environmental condition. The vibration is examined through time histories of blade displacement, pressure distribution on the blade surface and the tidal current regime. The blade is assumed to have pitch and heave responses thus the vibration is in the form of transverse and torsional vibrations. The results show that increasing tidal velocity magnitude strengthens the torsional vibration. The increase of angle of attack is likely to generate chaotic motions and enhance both transverse and torsional vibrations.
本文用数值方法研究了非定常潮流对垂直轴潮汐水轮机叶片流激振动的影响。建立了一个二维CFD模型来模拟OpenFoam中叶片的流致振动。振动是由非定常潮汐的动载荷引起的。认识到非定常潮流主要来源于潮汐涡轮叶片在旋转过程中所经历的潮汐速度大小和攻角的变化。本文数值研究了在一定环境条件下,速度大小和初始攻角对潮汐能水轮机叶片振动的影响,并分别对速度和攻角的影响进行了评价。通过叶片位移、叶片表面压力分布和潮流状态的时程来检测振动。假设叶片具有俯仰和垂升响应,因此振动以横向和扭转振动的形式存在。结果表明,随着潮汐速度的增大,扭转振动增强。迎角的增大可能产生混沌运动,增强横向振动和扭转振动。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Study on Coupled Motions of a Spar-Buoy Under Mathieu Instability Mathieu失稳条件下桅杆浮标耦合运动的实验研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-95937
T. Iseki, Peng Xu
A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the occurrence of the Mathieu-type instability. The main objective of this study is utilization of an auto-parametrically excited oscillation for wave energy converters. In this paper, the subject is the auto-parametrically excited oscillation of a spar-buoy type point absorber with two degrees of freedom. A small spar buoy model with a ballast controlling system was made and the model experiments were conducted to realize the large oscillating motion based on the Mathieu-type instability. The ballast controlling system is installed in the buoy model and the vertical movement of the ballast produces a certain change of the pitching natural period. Using the controlling system, the pitching motion in regular waves under the heave resonant period was measured. In some experiments, it was observed that the large pitching motion occurred suddenly, and the time histories showed different excitation pattern from the theoretical Mathieu-type instability. Based on the model experiments and considerations of the theory of Mathieu-type instability, the occurrence of the large pitching motion is discussed.
为了研究mathieu型失稳的发生,进行了一系列的实验。本研究的主要目的是利用自参数激振振荡作为波能转换器。本文的研究对象是二自由度桅杆浮标型点吸振器的自参数激振问题。建立了带有压载控制系统的小型浮筒模型,并进行了基于mathieu型失稳的模型实验,实现了浮筒的大振荡运动。压载控制系统安装在浮筒模型中,压载的垂直运动产生一定的俯仰自然周期变化。利用控制系统,测量了在升沉谐振周期下的规则波俯仰运动。在一些实验中,观察到大的俯仰运动是突然发生的,并且时间历史表现出与理论的mathieu型不稳定性不同的激励模式。在模型实验的基础上,结合mathieu型失稳理论,讨论了大俯仰运动的发生。
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引用次数: 4
Aeromechanical Analysis of Wind Turbines Using Non-Linear Harmonic Method 基于非线性谐波法的风力机气动力学分析
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-96256
S. W. Naung, M. Rahmati, H. Farokhi
In this paper, aeromechanical analysis of wind turbines is presented. The distinctive feature of this paper is the use of frequency based non-linear harmonic method which is an efficient computational method to study unsteady periodic flow and aeroleasticity of turbomachinery applications, and extensive validation of the non-linear harmonic method against conventional time domain solution methods. This paper is an extension of the authors’ previous work which analysed the aerodynamics of the MEXICO (Model Rotor Experiments In Controlled Conditions) Experiment wind turbine. Aeromechanical analysis of the MEXICO-Experiment wind turbine as well as 1.5 MW wind turbine are conducted in this study. Both conventional time domain solution method and non-linear harmonic method are used, and compared to each other for validation and verification of the non-liner harmonic method. Using the same numerical set-up for each method demonstrates the differences and capabilities of each solution method, and their computational expenses. Finally, this paper concludes with how the aeromechanical analysis of large wind turbines can be performed effectively and efficiently using the non-linear harmonic method.
本文对风力发电机组进行了气动力学分析。本文的特点是采用了基于频率的非线性调和法,这是一种研究涡轮机械非定常周期流动和气弹性的有效计算方法,并对非线性调和法与传统时域求解方法进行了广泛的验证。本文是作者对墨西哥(受控条件下模型转子实验)风力机空气动力学分析工作的扩展。本文对MEXICO-Experiment风力机和1.5 MW风力机进行了气动力学分析。采用传统的时域解法和非线性调和法,并对非线性调和法进行了验证和比较。对每种方法使用相同的数值设置表明了每种解决方法的差异和能力,以及它们的计算费用。最后,本文总结了如何利用非线性谐波方法有效地进行大型风力机的气动力学分析。
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引用次数: 9
Geometrical Optimization of U-Oscillating Water Columns in Random Waves 随机波浪中u形振荡水柱的几何优化
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-95973
A. Scialò, G. Malara, F. Arena
This paper deals with the problem of designing an optimal U - Oscillating Water Column (U-OWC) device equipped with a Wells turbine. Specifically, the paper proposes the implementation of a genetic algorithm for designing a U-OWC exposed to the typical sea states available in the Mediterranean Sea. The first challenge encountered in this problem is the efficient calculation of the U-OWC hydrodynamic parameters. The second challenge relates to the fact that the U-OWC dynamics is governed by two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with no closed-form solution. For reducing the computational cost, the genetic algorithm is combined with a semi-analytical approach used for determining the U-OWC hydrodynamic parameters and with a statistical linearization based approximate solution of the equations governing the U-OWC dynamics. Such a procedure allows estimating efficiently, albeit approximately, the power output of the system. Numerical results compare a design based on a conventional “design sea state” vis-à-vis a design based on a “design wave climate”. For this purpose, the case study of the Roccella Jonica marina (Reggio Calabria, Italy) is considered, as relevant wave data are available to characterize the most energetic seas as well as depicting the global wave climate available at that location. The numerical results highlight the fact that an optimization conducted on the basis of a design sea state does not lead to an optimal design in a wave climate.
本文研究了一种最佳U型振荡水柱装置的设计问题。具体而言,本文提出了一种遗传算法,用于设计暴露于地中海典型海况的U-OWC。该问题面临的第一个挑战是U-OWC水动力参数的有效计算。第二个挑战涉及U-OWC动力学是由两个耦合的非线性常微分方程控制的,没有封闭形式的解。为了降低计算成本,将遗传算法与用于确定U-OWC水动力参数的半解析方法和基于统计线性化的U-OWC动力学方程近似解相结合。这样的程序可以有效地估计系统的输出功率,尽管是近似的。数值结果比较了基于常规“设计海况”的设计与-à-vis基于“设计波浪气候”的设计。为此目的,考虑了Roccella Jonica码头(意大利雷焦卡拉布里亚)的案例研究,因为可以获得有关波浪数据,以表征最具活力的海洋,并描绘该地点可用的全球波浪气候。数值结果表明,基于设计海况进行的优化并不会导致波浪气候下的优化设计。
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引用次数: 5
Performance of a Passive Tuned Liquid Column Damper for Floating Wind Turbines 浮式风力发电机被动调谐液柱阻尼器性能研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-96360
Wei Yu, F. Lemmer, P. Cheng
The motivation of the present paper is to show the proof-of-concept of a passive Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD) for floating wind turbines, which increases the platform pitch damping and power production under wind and wave excitations. As the first step, a reliable TLCD model is implemented and coupled with a reduced order floating wind turbine model. Here, the TLCD is modelled as a second order system which is known for ships, whereas the structural model is a coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic model with five degrees of freedom. The results show that the TLCD is able to damp the platform resonances but to a limited extent, which is inline the findings of previous research. However, the improved platform pitch stability allows a larger blade pitch control bandwidth, which is normally limited by the underdamped soft support platform. Therefore, by introducing the passive TLCD into the floating wind turbine system, a better power production is achieved.
本论文的动机是展示一种用于浮式风力涡轮机的被动调谐液柱阻尼器(TLCD)的概念验证,该阻尼器可以增加平台的俯距阻尼和在风浪激励下的发电量。作为第一步,实现了可靠的TLCD模型,并与降阶浮式风力机模型耦合。在这里,TLCD被建模为一个二阶系统,这是众所周知的船舶,而结构模型是一个耦合的五自由度气动-液压-伺服-弹性模型。结果表明,TLCD能够抑制平台共振,但在一定程度上是有限的,这与以往的研究结果一致。然而,改进的平台俯仰稳定性允许更大的桨距控制带宽,这通常受到欠阻尼软支撑平台的限制。因此,通过将被动TLCD引入浮式风力发电系统,可以实现更好的发电效果。
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引用次数: 5
Oscillating Water Column Motion Inside Circular Cylindrical Structures 圆柱结构内的振荡水柱运动
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-96048
Daniel de Oliveira Costa, Joel Sena Sales Junior, A. C. Fernandes
A non-linear mathematical model is presented for the Equation of Motion of the Water Column inside circular cylindrical structures in different cases, comparing to previous models in literature. Experimental model tests were carried out investigating the water column decay under given initial conditions, and an analysis is performed for each cycle showing the dynamic behaviour of OWC evolving in time. The results show asymmetric pattern in the time series acquired in the decay tests as a consequence of variations of the Added Length and quadratic viscous damping as the direction of the flow changes, as observed in previous studies. A general procedure is proposed to assess the unknown parameters including the quadratic damping viscous coefficients through the concept of “equivalent linear harmonic” as a linearisation of such terms, enlightening its dependence on the motion amplitude as well as the water column draft. Experimental data for the OWC response under a set of incoming regular waves is also presented, comparing the results to numerical simulation through a solver based on the estimation of the damping coefficients obtained in the decay tests.
对不同情况下圆柱结构内部水柱运动方程建立了非线性数学模型,并与已有的模型进行了比较。对给定初始条件下的水柱衰减进行了实验模型试验,并对每个循环进行了分析,显示了OWC随时间演变的动态行为。结果表明,随着流动方向的变化,随着附加长度和二次粘性阻尼的变化,衰减试验中获得的时间序列呈现不对称模式,这与以往的研究结果一致。通过“等效线性谐波”的概念,提出了一种一般的方法来评估未知参数,包括二次阻尼粘性系数,作为这些项的线性化,启发其对运动幅度和水柱吃水的依赖。给出了一组规则波下OWC响应的实验数据,并通过基于衰减试验中得到的阻尼系数估计的求解器将结果与数值模拟结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of Platform Mounting Orientations on the Long-Term Performance of a Semisubmersible Wind Turbine 平台安装方向对半潜式风力机长期性能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-96240
Shengtao Zhou, Chao Li, Yiqing Xiao, F. Lemmer, Wei Yu, P. Cheng
Due to the non-fully-symmetrical configuration, the platform laying angle of semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbines relative to wind/wave load directions has a noticeable influence on the dynamics characteristics of the whole structure, which indicates that the platform mounting orientation should be carefully considered before installation at sea. The directionality effects of short-term wind/wave loads had been discussed in previous studies, which are, however, insufficient to make a full understanding of the directionality impacts. In our study, based on a 25-year met-ocean database, long-term analysis is carried out by means of an efficient frequency-domain model with eight degrees of freedom. The nonlinear quantities such as aerodynamic loads, aerodynamic damping and mooring stiffness are derived from the time-domain simulation tool FAST, serving as a preprocessing database for the frequency-domain model. A case study is carried out by comparing the long-term responses of a Y-shape semi-submersible floating wind turbine in four mounting orientations. Significant differences can be seen. The platform mounted in the most unfavorable orientation tends to suffer from larger peak nacelle acceleration, which would increase the loads and cause higher tower base fatigue damage. These findings highlight the importance of platform mounting orientations and can serve as a basis for the installation of semi-submersible floating wind turbines.
由于半潜式浮式海上风力机的非完全对称构型,平台铺设角度相对于风浪荷载方向对整个结构的动力学特性有显著影响,因此在海上安装前应慎重考虑平台安装方向。以往的研究对短期风浪荷载的方向性效应进行了讨论,但对其方向性影响的认识还不够充分。在我们的研究中,基于25年的气象海洋数据库,通过具有8个自由度的有效频域模型进行了长期分析。气动载荷、气动阻尼和系泊刚度等非线性量由时域仿真工具FAST导出,并作为频域模型的预处理数据库。以y型半潜式浮式风力机为例,对其在4种安装方向下的长期响应进行了对比研究。可以看到显著的差异。当平台安装在最不利的方向时,机舱加速度峰值较大,载荷增大,塔底疲劳损伤程度较高。这些发现强调了平台安装方向的重要性,可以作为半潜式浮动风力涡轮机安装的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Offshore Structural Analysis Software X-SEA Coupled With FAST 结合FAST的海上结构分析软件X-SEA的开发
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/omae2019-96778
Ki-Du Kim, S. Vachirapanyakun, Pasin Plodpradit, V. Dinh, Jin-Ho Park
Coupled analysis of offshore structures is currently challenging. The 3D finite element analysis software X-SEA coupled with FAST 8 program is therefore developed and discussed in this paper. The current version of X-SEA includes the results of extensive research and development based on finite element program XFINAS, which was originally developed in Imperial College London. The solution of the X-SEA ranges from the simple static to highly advanced dynamic analysis applied to the offshore structures. GID is used as pre- and post processor of X-SEA. The brief theoretical background of X-SEA software is summarized. Numerical examples of offshore monopile, wind turbine jackets, pile super element and fatigue analysis verified with SACS software in terms of reactions, displacements and member forces are investigated.
海上结构物的耦合分析目前具有挑战性。为此,本文开发并讨论了结合FAST 8程序的三维有限元分析软件X-SEA。当前版本的X-SEA包括基于有限元程序XFINAS的广泛研究和开发的结果,该程序最初是在伦敦帝国理工学院开发的。X-SEA的解决方案范围从简单的静态分析到应用于海上结构的高度先进的动态分析。采用GID作为X-SEA的前后处理器。简要介绍了X-SEA软件的理论背景。对海上单桩、风力机导管架、桩超单元的数值算例进行了研究,并用SACS软件进行了反力、位移和构件力的疲劳分析验证。
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引用次数: 2
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Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy
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