Zi Lin, Adrian Stetco, J. Carmona-Sánchez, D. Cevasco, M. Collu, G. Nenadic, O. Marjanovic, M. Barnes
At present, over 1500 offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are operating in the UK with a capacity of 5.4GW. Until now, the research has mainly focused on how to minimise the CAPEX, but Operation and Maintenance (O&M) can represent up to 39% of the lifetime costs of an offshore wind farm, mainly due to the assets’ high cost and the harsh environment in which they operate. Focusing on O&M, the HOME Offshore research project (www.homeoffshore.org) aims to derive an advanced interpretation of the fault mechanisms through holistic multiphysics modelling of the wind farm. With the present work, an advanced model of dynamics for a single wind turbine is developed, able to identify the couplings between aero-hydro-servo-elastic (AHSE) dynamics and drive train dynamics. The wind turbine mechanical components, modelled using an AHSE dynamic model, are coupled with a detailed representation of a variable-speed direct-drive 5MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and its fully rated voltage source converters (VSCs). Using the developed model for the wind turbine, several case studies are carried out for above and below rated operating conditions. Firstly, the response time histories of wind turbine degrees of freedom (DOFs) are modelled using a full-order coupled analysis. Subsequently, regression analysis is applied in order to correlate DOFs and generated rotor torque (target degree of freedom for the failure mode in analysis), quantifying the level of inherent coupling effects. Finally, the reduced-order multiphysics models for a single offshore wind turbine are derived based on the strength of the correlation coefficients. The accuracy of the proposed reduced-order models is discussed, comparing it against the full-order coupled model in terms of statistical data and spectrum. In terms of statistical results, all the reduced-order models have a good agreement with the full-order results. In terms of spectrum, all the reduced-order models have a good agreement with the full-order results if the frequencies of interest are below 0.75Hz.
{"title":"Progress on the Development of a Holistic Coupled Model of Dynamics for Offshore Wind Farms: Phase II — Study on a Data-Driven Based Reduced-Order Model for a Single Wind Turbine","authors":"Zi Lin, Adrian Stetco, J. Carmona-Sánchez, D. Cevasco, M. Collu, G. Nenadic, O. Marjanovic, M. Barnes","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2019-95542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2019-95542","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 At present, over 1500 offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are operating in the UK with a capacity of 5.4GW. Until now, the research has mainly focused on how to minimise the CAPEX, but Operation and Maintenance (O&M) can represent up to 39% of the lifetime costs of an offshore wind farm, mainly due to the assets’ high cost and the harsh environment in which they operate. Focusing on O&M, the HOME Offshore research project (www.homeoffshore.org) aims to derive an advanced interpretation of the fault mechanisms through holistic multiphysics modelling of the wind farm.\u0000 With the present work, an advanced model of dynamics for a single wind turbine is developed, able to identify the couplings between aero-hydro-servo-elastic (AHSE) dynamics and drive train dynamics. The wind turbine mechanical components, modelled using an AHSE dynamic model, are coupled with a detailed representation of a variable-speed direct-drive 5MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and its fully rated voltage source converters (VSCs). Using the developed model for the wind turbine, several case studies are carried out for above and below rated operating conditions. Firstly, the response time histories of wind turbine degrees of freedom (DOFs) are modelled using a full-order coupled analysis. Subsequently, regression analysis is applied in order to correlate DOFs and generated rotor torque (target degree of freedom for the failure mode in analysis), quantifying the level of inherent coupling effects. Finally, the reduced-order multiphysics models for a single offshore wind turbine are derived based on the strength of the correlation coefficients. The accuracy of the proposed reduced-order models is discussed, comparing it against the full-order coupled model in terms of statistical data and spectrum. In terms of statistical results, all the reduced-order models have a good agreement with the full-order results. In terms of spectrum, all the reduced-order models have a good agreement with the full-order results if the frequencies of interest are below 0.75Hz.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134166302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A digital twin is a virtual representation of a system containing all information available on site. This paper presents condition monitoring of drivetrains in marine power transmission systems through digital twin approach. A literature review regarding current operations concerning maintenance approaches in todays practices are covered. State-of-the-art fault detection in drivetrains is discussed, founded in condition monitoring, data-based schemes and model-based approaches, and the digital twin approach is introduced. It is debated that a model-based approach utilizing a digital twin could be recommended for fault detection of drivetrains. By employing a digital twin, fault detection would be extended to relatively highly diagnostic and predictive maintenance programme, and operation and maintenance costs could be reduced. A holistic model system approach is considered, and methodologies of digital twin design are covered. A physical-based model rather than a data based model is considered, however there are no clear answer whereas which type is beneficial. That case is mostly answered by the amount of data available. Designing the model introduces several pitfalls depending on the relevant system, and the advantages, disadvantages and appropriate applications are discussed. For a drivetrain it is found that multi-body simulation is advised for the creation of a digital twin model. A digital twin of a simple drivetrain test rig is made, and different modelling approaches were implemented to investigate levels of accuracy. Reference values were derived empirically by attaching sensors to the drivetrain during operation in the test rig. Modelling with a low fidelity model showed high accuracy, however it would lack several modules required for it to be called a digital twin. The higher fidelity model showed that finding the stiffness parameter proves challenging, due to high stiffness sensitivity as the experimental modelling demonstrates. Two industries that could have significant benefits from implementing digital twins are discussed; the offshore wind industry and shipping. Both have valuable assets, with reliability sensitive systems and high costs of downtime and maintenance. Regarding the shipping industry an industrial case study is done. Area of extra focus is operations of Ro-Ro (roll on-roll off) vessels. The vessels in the case study are managed by Wilhelmsen Ship Management and a discussion of the implementation of digital twins in this sector is comprised in this article.
{"title":"On Digital Twin Condition Monitoring Approach for Drivetrains in Marine Applications","authors":"S. Johansen, A. Nejad","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A digital twin is a virtual representation of a system containing all information available on site. This paper presents condition monitoring of drivetrains in marine power transmission systems through digital twin approach. A literature review regarding current operations concerning maintenance approaches in todays practices are covered. State-of-the-art fault detection in drivetrains is discussed, founded in condition monitoring, data-based schemes and model-based approaches, and the digital twin approach is introduced. It is debated that a model-based approach utilizing a digital twin could be recommended for fault detection of drivetrains. By employing a digital twin, fault detection would be extended to relatively highly diagnostic and predictive maintenance programme, and operation and maintenance costs could be reduced. A holistic model system approach is considered, and methodologies of digital twin design are covered. A physical-based model rather than a data based model is considered, however there are no clear answer whereas which type is beneficial. That case is mostly answered by the amount of data available. Designing the model introduces several pitfalls depending on the relevant system, and the advantages, disadvantages and appropriate applications are discussed. For a drivetrain it is found that multi-body simulation is advised for the creation of a digital twin model. A digital twin of a simple drivetrain test rig is made, and different modelling approaches were implemented to investigate levels of accuracy. Reference values were derived empirically by attaching sensors to the drivetrain during operation in the test rig. Modelling with a low fidelity model showed high accuracy, however it would lack several modules required for it to be called a digital twin. The higher fidelity model showed that finding the stiffness parameter proves challenging, due to high stiffness sensitivity as the experimental modelling demonstrates.\u0000 Two industries that could have significant benefits from implementing digital twins are discussed; the offshore wind industry and shipping. Both have valuable assets, with reliability sensitive systems and high costs of downtime and maintenance. Regarding the shipping industry an industrial case study is done. Area of extra focus is operations of Ro-Ro (roll on-roll off) vessels. The vessels in the case study are managed by Wilhelmsen Ship Management and a discussion of the implementation of digital twins in this sector is comprised in this article.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133256114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a latching control strategy was utilized to increase the efficiency of a heaving buoy-type point absorber with a hydraulic Power take-off (PTO) system. For this purpose, the hydrodynamic performance of a floating buoy was analyzed based on the potential flow theory and Cummins equation. Nonlinear Froude-Krylov (FK) force according to instantaneous wetted surface of a buoy was calculated by a theoretical solution. The effect of the latching control on a point absorber was evaluated by considering PTO performance with hydrodynamic coefficients including nonlinear FK force. The hydraulic PTO system was modeled as an approximate coulomb damping force.
{"title":"Assessment of Latching Control for the Hemispheric Heaving Buoy Type Point Absorber With and Without Nonlinear Froude-Krylov Force Acting on the Buoy","authors":"Sung-Jae Kim, W. Koo, C. Jo","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, a latching control strategy was utilized to increase the efficiency of a heaving buoy-type point absorber with a hydraulic Power take-off (PTO) system. For this purpose, the hydrodynamic performance of a floating buoy was analyzed based on the potential flow theory and Cummins equation. Nonlinear Froude-Krylov (FK) force according to instantaneous wetted surface of a buoy was calculated by a theoretical solution. The effect of the latching control on a point absorber was evaluated by considering PTO performance with hydrodynamic coefficients including nonlinear FK force. The hydraulic PTO system was modeled as an approximate coulomb damping force.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129309045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. F. Recalde, H. Yue, W. Leithead, O. Anaya‐Lara, Hongda Liu, J. You
Integrating marine renewables and aquaculture is a complex task. The generated power of each renewable technology depends on its source cycle (wind, wave, solar PV), leading to periods of zero power production. On the other side, aquaculture farms require smooth and stable power supply since any power shortage can lead to the loss of the entire farm production. This paper illustrates the sizing of a hybrid energy system (wind,solar PV, energy storage) to power up the aquaculture farm. The sizing is based on available commercial technology and the system is mounted on a single multi-purpose platform. Reliability is improved by considering device redundancies. Such hybrid system has not been considered before for aquaculture farms. System rough sizing, based on simple online renewable energy calculators, is used to select existing renewable technologies and HOMER Pro simulation software is used to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the microgrid for all possible combinations of the technology selected and perform sensitivity analysis on wind turbine tower height, battery state of charge and solar PV panels reflectance. The optimisation is subject to combined dispatch strategy and net present cost.
{"title":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Sizing for Offshore Multi-Purpose Platforms","authors":"L. F. Recalde, H. Yue, W. Leithead, O. Anaya‐Lara, Hongda Liu, J. You","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2019-96017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2019-96017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Integrating marine renewables and aquaculture is a complex task. The generated power of each renewable technology depends on its source cycle (wind, wave, solar PV), leading to periods of zero power production. On the other side, aquaculture farms require smooth and stable power supply since any power shortage can lead to the loss of the entire farm production. This paper illustrates the sizing of a hybrid energy system (wind,solar PV, energy storage) to power up the aquaculture farm. The sizing is based on available commercial technology and the system is mounted on a single multi-purpose platform. Reliability is improved by considering device redundancies. Such hybrid system has not been considered before for aquaculture farms. System rough sizing, based on simple online renewable energy calculators, is used to select existing renewable technologies and HOMER Pro simulation software is used to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the microgrid for all possible combinations of the technology selected and perform sensitivity analysis on wind turbine tower height, battery state of charge and solar PV panels reflectance. The optimisation is subject to combined dispatch strategy and net present cost.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115557785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Milano, C. Peyrard, M. Capaldo, D. Ingram, Q. Xiao, L. Johanning
Floating wind technology is being developed rapidly with the aim of harvesting high-energy wind resources in medium and deep water areas, unreachable using fixed bottom solutions. Given the complexity of these systems, the interactions between the structure and incident hydro-aerodynamic forces need to be well understood. While numerous solutions are being explored, an optimal design is yet to be established within the industry. This study explores the effects of tendon inclination on the dynamic behaviour of a 10MW tension-leg platform (TLP) floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), and the interaction of different design solutions with higher-order hydrodynamic loading. The model was subject to an extreme sea state in order to capture second and third-order wave effects, and the nonlinear waves were generated via the high-order spectral (HOS) method. The analysis was performed using the hydrodynamic engineering tool CALHYPSO, in-house developed by EDF Lab. Second and third order inertial hydrodynamic loads were included in the time-domain simulations in order to capture low frequency loads and ringing effects respectively. Results show that difference-frequency second order effects have a negligible impact on motions and tendon tensions of the analysed floating wind turbine model, while third order terms can significantly enhance the dynamic response of the system to extreme incident waves. While inclined-leg floater configurations presented improved motion and tendon tension responses under linear loading, the inclusion of quadratic and triple-frequency contributions showed that tendon inclination can in fact increase tension variations in the mooring lines when subject to extreme wave climates. This can lead to slacking in the mooring lines being observed more frequently in inclined-leg configurations. The results therefore suggest that neglecting third order effects, as commonly done in industry, can lead to significant underestimations of motion and tendon tension responses of tension-leg platform wind turbines.
{"title":"Impact of High Order Wave Loads on a 10 MW Tension-Leg Platform Floating Wind Turbine at Different Tendon Inclination Angles","authors":"Daniela Milano, C. Peyrard, M. Capaldo, D. Ingram, Q. Xiao, L. Johanning","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96243","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Floating wind technology is being developed rapidly with the aim of harvesting high-energy wind resources in medium and deep water areas, unreachable using fixed bottom solutions. Given the complexity of these systems, the interactions between the structure and incident hydro-aerodynamic forces need to be well understood. While numerous solutions are being explored, an optimal design is yet to be established within the industry.\u0000 This study explores the effects of tendon inclination on the dynamic behaviour of a 10MW tension-leg platform (TLP) floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), and the interaction of different design solutions with higher-order hydrodynamic loading. The model was subject to an extreme sea state in order to capture second and third-order wave effects, and the nonlinear waves were generated via the high-order spectral (HOS) method. The analysis was performed using the hydrodynamic engineering tool CALHYPSO, in-house developed by EDF Lab.\u0000 Second and third order inertial hydrodynamic loads were included in the time-domain simulations in order to capture low frequency loads and ringing effects respectively. Results show that difference-frequency second order effects have a negligible impact on motions and tendon tensions of the analysed floating wind turbine model, while third order terms can significantly enhance the dynamic response of the system to extreme incident waves. While inclined-leg floater configurations presented improved motion and tendon tension responses under linear loading, the inclusion of quadratic and triple-frequency contributions showed that tendon inclination can in fact increase tension variations in the mooring lines when subject to extreme wave climates. This can lead to slacking in the mooring lines being observed more frequently in inclined-leg configurations. The results therefore suggest that neglecting third order effects, as commonly done in industry, can lead to significant underestimations of motion and tendon tension responses of tension-leg platform wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131939330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flow Induced Oscillations (FIO) of cylinders in tandem can be enhanced by proper spacing to increase hydrokinetic energy harnessing. In a farm of multiple cylinders in tandem, the issue of the effect of interference on harnessing efficiency arises. Over the course of three years of development in the Marine Renewable Laboratory of the University of Michigan, systematic experiments on an isolated cylinder, and two and three cylinders in tandem have revealed that synergistic FIO can actually enhance oscillations of cylinders in close proximity. Two cylinders in tandem can harness 2.5–13.5 times the hydrokinetic power of one isolated cylinder. Three cylinders in tandem can harness 3.4–26.4 times the hydrokinetic power of one isolated cylinder.
{"title":"Synergistic Flow Induced Oscillation of Multiple Cylinders in Harvesting Marine Hydrokinetic Energy","authors":"S. Hai, M. Bernitsas, Cheng Zhiyun","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96671","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Flow Induced Oscillations (FIO) of cylinders in tandem can be enhanced by proper spacing to increase hydrokinetic energy harnessing. In a farm of multiple cylinders in tandem, the issue of the effect of interference on harnessing efficiency arises. Over the course of three years of development in the Marine Renewable Laboratory of the University of Michigan, systematic experiments on an isolated cylinder, and two and three cylinders in tandem have revealed that synergistic FIO can actually enhance oscillations of cylinders in close proximity. Two cylinders in tandem can harness 2.5–13.5 times the hydrokinetic power of one isolated cylinder. Three cylinders in tandem can harness 3.4–26.4 times the hydrokinetic power of one isolated cylinder.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115946355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Rezanejad, J. Gadelho, I. López, R. Carballo, Carlos Soares
The influence of attaching a step to the conventional shore based Oscillating Water Column device on the hydrodynamic performance has been assessed by carrying out experimental investigations. The level of the efficiency improvement in various wave characteristics and Power Take-Off damping conditions were investigated. Three different Power Take-Off damping conditions have been applied to the system and experiments were carried out for both regular and irregular wave conditions. The results obtained from the experimental study prove that the Oscillating Water Column with the attached step has substantially improved hydrodynamic performance in all the Power Take-Off damping conditions compared to the Oscillating Water Column model in uniform water depth.
{"title":"Improving the Hydrodynamic Performance of OWC Wave Energy Converter by Attaching a Step","authors":"K. Rezanejad, J. Gadelho, I. López, R. Carballo, Carlos Soares","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96408","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The influence of attaching a step to the conventional shore based Oscillating Water Column device on the hydrodynamic performance has been assessed by carrying out experimental investigations. The level of the efficiency improvement in various wave characteristics and Power Take-Off damping conditions were investigated. Three different Power Take-Off damping conditions have been applied to the system and experiments were carried out for both regular and irregular wave conditions. The results obtained from the experimental study prove that the Oscillating Water Column with the attached step has substantially improved hydrodynamic performance in all the Power Take-Off damping conditions compared to the Oscillating Water Column model in uniform water depth.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124976334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our prior investigations, extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to reveal the unsteady aerodynamics of Floating Wind Turbine (FWT). To validate the simulation results and further deepen the corresponding topics, a dedicated experimental apparatus has been developed by the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration (SKL-MSV) and State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering (SKL-OE) at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). The main modules of the test bed include a dedicated Wind Generation System (WGS), a Model Wind Turbine (MWT), a 6-DOF (Degree Of Freedom) Motion Control Platform (MCP) and an integrated measurement system. The WGS is able to generate controlled flows with different wind speeds, turbulence intensities, and horizontal/ vertical wind shears. The MWT is equipped with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors on the blade surface to monitor the operating conditions. The MCP is developed to generate controlled oscillations to the MWT aiming to model the oscillation of the FWT in offshore environments. The measurement system includes a torque sensor, two 6-DOF load cells, a 3-DOF accelerator, 2 FBG-fibers each with 3 FBG sensors, and a Wake Detection System (WDS) consisting of 6 hot-wire probes. Extensive calibrations are conducted for the WGS and the transducers. Some primary results about the unsteady aerodynamics of the FWT are presented. In the future, the MCP will be replaced by a floating platform to conduct the tests in the wave tank at SKL-OE to reveal the fully coupled dynamics of FWTs.
{"title":"An Experimental Apparatus for Investigating the Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Floating Wind Turbine","authors":"Binrong Wen, Qi Zhang, Hao-xue Liu, Xinliang Tian, Xingjian Dong, Zhike Peng, Yongsheng Zhao, Yufeng Kou","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95915","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In our prior investigations, extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to reveal the unsteady aerodynamics of Floating Wind Turbine (FWT). To validate the simulation results and further deepen the corresponding topics, a dedicated experimental apparatus has been developed by the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration (SKL-MSV) and State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering (SKL-OE) at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). The main modules of the test bed include a dedicated Wind Generation System (WGS), a Model Wind Turbine (MWT), a 6-DOF (Degree Of Freedom) Motion Control Platform (MCP) and an integrated measurement system. The WGS is able to generate controlled flows with different wind speeds, turbulence intensities, and horizontal/ vertical wind shears. The MWT is equipped with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors on the blade surface to monitor the operating conditions. The MCP is developed to generate controlled oscillations to the MWT aiming to model the oscillation of the FWT in offshore environments. The measurement system includes a torque sensor, two 6-DOF load cells, a 3-DOF accelerator, 2 FBG-fibers each with 3 FBG sensors, and a Wake Detection System (WDS) consisting of 6 hot-wire probes. Extensive calibrations are conducted for the WGS and the transducers. Some primary results about the unsteady aerodynamics of the FWT are presented. In the future, the MCP will be replaced by a floating platform to conduct the tests in the wave tank at SKL-OE to reveal the fully coupled dynamics of FWTs.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116325209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work describes an automated condition monitoring framework to process and analyze vibration data measured on wind turbine gearboxes. The current state-of-the-art in signal processing often leads to a large quantity in health indicators thanks to the multiple potential pre-processing steps. Such large quantities of indicators become unfeasible to inspect manually when the data volume and the number of monitored turbines increases. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid analysis approach that combines advanced signal processing methods with machine learning and anomaly detection. This approach is investigated on an experimental wind turbine gearbox vibration data set. It is found that the combination of physics-based statistical indicators with machine learning is capable of detecting planetary gear stage damage and significantly simplifying the data analysis and inspection in the process.
{"title":"Wind Turbine Planetary Gear Fault Identification Using Statistical Condition Indicators and Machine Learning","authors":"C. Peeters, T. Verstraeten, A. Nowé, J. Helsen","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96713","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work describes an automated condition monitoring framework to process and analyze vibration data measured on wind turbine gearboxes. The current state-of-the-art in signal processing often leads to a large quantity in health indicators thanks to the multiple potential pre-processing steps. Such large quantities of indicators become unfeasible to inspect manually when the data volume and the number of monitored turbines increases. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid analysis approach that combines advanced signal processing methods with machine learning and anomaly detection. This approach is investigated on an experimental wind turbine gearbox vibration data set. It is found that the combination of physics-based statistical indicators with machine learning is capable of detecting planetary gear stage damage and significantly simplifying the data analysis and inspection in the process.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126602395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gioia, P. Daems, C. Peeters, P. Guillaume, J. Helsen, Roberto Medico, D. Deschrijver, T. Dhaene
Detailed knowledge about the modal model is essential to enhance the NVH behavior of (rotating) machines. To have more realistic insight in the modal behavior of the machines, observation of modal parameters must be extended to a significant amount of time, in which all the significant operating conditions of the turbine can be investigated, together with the transition events from one operating condition to another. To allow the processing of a large amount of data, automated OMA techniques are used: once frequency and damping values can be characterized for the important resonances, it becomes possible to gain insights in their changes. This paper will focus on processing experimental data of an offshore wind turbine gearbox and investigate the changes in resonance frequency and damping over time.
{"title":"Gaining Insight in Wind Turbine Drivetrain Dynamics by Means of Automatic Operational Modal Analysis Combined With Machine Learning Algorithms","authors":"N. Gioia, P. Daems, C. Peeters, P. Guillaume, J. Helsen, Roberto Medico, D. Deschrijver, T. Dhaene","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96731","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Detailed knowledge about the modal model is essential to enhance the NVH behavior of (rotating) machines. To have more realistic insight in the modal behavior of the machines, observation of modal parameters must be extended to a significant amount of time, in which all the significant operating conditions of the turbine can be investigated, together with the transition events from one operating condition to another. To allow the processing of a large amount of data, automated OMA techniques are used: once frequency and damping values can be characterized for the important resonances, it becomes possible to gain insights in their changes. This paper will focus on processing experimental data of an offshore wind turbine gearbox and investigate the changes in resonance frequency and damping over time.","PeriodicalId":306681,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: Ocean Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133795680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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