Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071763
Shaya Wolf, Rafer Cooley, M. Borowczak
The decreased size and cost of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) has enabled the use of swarms of unmanned autonomous vehicles to accomplish a variety of tasks. By utilizing swarming behaviors, it is possible to efficiently accomplish coordinated tasks while minimizing per-drone computational requirements. Some drones rely on decentralized protocols that exhibit emergent behavior across the swarm. While fully decentralized algorithms remove obvious attack vectors their susceptibility to external influence is less understood. This work investigates the influences that can compromise the functionality of an autonomous swarm leading to hazardous situations and cascading vulnerabilities. When a swarm is tasked with missions involving the safety or health of humans, external influences could have serious consequences. The adversarial swarm in this work utilizes an attack vector embedded within the decentralized movement algorithm of a previously defined autonomous swarm designed to create a perimeter sentry swarm. Various simulations confirm the adversarial swarm’s ability to capture significant portions (6-23%) of the perimeter.
{"title":"Adversarial Impacts on Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight Swarms","authors":"Shaya Wolf, Rafer Cooley, M. Borowczak","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071763","url":null,"abstract":"The decreased size and cost of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) has enabled the use of swarms of unmanned autonomous vehicles to accomplish a variety of tasks. By utilizing swarming behaviors, it is possible to efficiently accomplish coordinated tasks while minimizing per-drone computational requirements. Some drones rely on decentralized protocols that exhibit emergent behavior across the swarm. While fully decentralized algorithms remove obvious attack vectors their susceptibility to external influence is less understood. This work investigates the influences that can compromise the functionality of an autonomous swarm leading to hazardous situations and cascading vulnerabilities. When a swarm is tasked with missions involving the safety or health of humans, external influences could have serious consequences. The adversarial swarm in this work utilizes an attack vector embedded within the decentralized movement algorithm of a previously defined autonomous swarm designed to create a perimeter sentry swarm. Various simulations confirm the adversarial swarm’s ability to capture significant portions (6-23%) of the perimeter.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131313179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071710
Salma Benazzouza, Mohammed Ridouani, Fatima Salahdine, A. Hayar
Spectrum sensing aims at searching and finding the unused frequency bands in specific radio spectrum. It monitors the frequency bands to detect the activity of primary/licensed users and decide if secondary users can use these bands or not. In order to improve the efficiency of spectrum sensing in wideband cognitive radio networks, compressive sensing framework has been recommended and studied in many papers since it helps the system to get better and faster results using the sparse structure of the radio spectrum. Therefore, this paper represents an in-depth survey of the best requirements of compressive sensing and spectrum sensing techniques for robust combination and effective solution for wideband cognitive radio networks. It also provides examples of innovative applications of compressive spectrum sensing including IoT, smart city and 5th generation of mobile networks. To sum up some challenges and research directions related to compressive spectrum sensing technique are given at the end.
{"title":"A Survey on Compressive Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks","authors":"Salma Benazzouza, Mohammed Ridouani, Fatima Salahdine, A. Hayar","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071710","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum sensing aims at searching and finding the unused frequency bands in specific radio spectrum. It monitors the frequency bands to detect the activity of primary/licensed users and decide if secondary users can use these bands or not. In order to improve the efficiency of spectrum sensing in wideband cognitive radio networks, compressive sensing framework has been recommended and studied in many papers since it helps the system to get better and faster results using the sparse structure of the radio spectrum. Therefore, this paper represents an in-depth survey of the best requirements of compressive sensing and spectrum sensing techniques for robust combination and effective solution for wideband cognitive radio networks. It also provides examples of innovative applications of compressive spectrum sensing including IoT, smart city and 5th generation of mobile networks. To sum up some challenges and research directions related to compressive spectrum sensing technique are given at the end.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123666235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071776
Jiabin Wei, Shiyu Sun
The clusters of stores and shops in the city are the main spatial carrier for commercial activities. For urban planners, a deep and clear understanding of the present aggregating features and the commercial activities is the fundamental premise for formulating a rational and promising planning. Nowadays, the volunteered geographic information, like POIs, provides researchers a more complete and realistic data source to analyse the commercial agglomerations. Yet, few of the researches pay attention to the scale of the commercial agglomerations while the majority of researches use density estimation method to visualize and describe the commercial agglomerations of different activity types at same scale. This paper aims to propose a modified DBSCAN method to analyse the distribution structures of commercial activity clusters through multiple scales, so as to find the optimum parameters and minPts to identify the unique aggregating features for each type of activity. The proposed DBSCAN is able to determine the global minimum points (minPts) automatically by detecting the “elbow” of the maximum cluster groups change curve through a series combination of and minPts. With the global optimum minPts, this modified DBSCAN will further find optimum from where the commercial activities form stable aggregations. In this paper, the commercial activities in Milan is taken as an example. Overall, 149234 POIs from the Milan Bureau of Industry and Commerce and Google place service are collected and be further classified into 25 categories. The result of the analysis shows that 1) commercial activities show five different types of spatial patterns: central aggregation pattern, ring around center pattern, high-density aggregation distribution, disperse distribution pattern and hierarchical distribution pattern. 2) Bars and clothing stores have the highest aggregating density of 2.7 POIs per hectare, while takeaway and repair activities have the lowest density. 3) Beauty stores and health service have the smallest unit cluster size around 3ha, the supermarkets and fuel stations have largest unit cluster size. 4) the spatial shapes of different activity agglomeration areas are varied.
{"title":"Commercial Activity Cluster Recognition with Modified DBSCAN Algorithm: A Case Study of Milan","authors":"Jiabin Wei, Shiyu Sun","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071776","url":null,"abstract":"The clusters of stores and shops in the city are the main spatial carrier for commercial activities. For urban planners, a deep and clear understanding of the present aggregating features and the commercial activities is the fundamental premise for formulating a rational and promising planning. Nowadays, the volunteered geographic information, like POIs, provides researchers a more complete and realistic data source to analyse the commercial agglomerations. Yet, few of the researches pay attention to the scale of the commercial agglomerations while the majority of researches use density estimation method to visualize and describe the commercial agglomerations of different activity types at same scale. This paper aims to propose a modified DBSCAN method to analyse the distribution structures of commercial activity clusters through multiple scales, so as to find the optimum parameters and minPts to identify the unique aggregating features for each type of activity. The proposed DBSCAN is able to determine the global minimum points (minPts) automatically by detecting the “elbow” of the maximum cluster groups change curve through a series combination of and minPts. With the global optimum minPts, this modified DBSCAN will further find optimum from where the commercial activities form stable aggregations. In this paper, the commercial activities in Milan is taken as an example. Overall, 149234 POIs from the Milan Bureau of Industry and Commerce and Google place service are collected and be further classified into 25 categories. The result of the analysis shows that 1) commercial activities show five different types of spatial patterns: central aggregation pattern, ring around center pattern, high-density aggregation distribution, disperse distribution pattern and hierarchical distribution pattern. 2) Bars and clothing stores have the highest aggregating density of 2.7 POIs per hectare, while takeaway and repair activities have the lowest density. 3) Beauty stores and health service have the smallest unit cluster size around 3ha, the supermarkets and fuel stations have largest unit cluster size. 4) the spatial shapes of different activity agglomeration areas are varied.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124536742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071775
H. Sta
The concept “Smart Cities” knows as a form of sustainable development. It represents an urban model and performance of urban service. This concept is based on distributed and autonomous information infrastructure contains millions of information sources that will be expected more than 50 billion devices connected by using IoT or other similar technologies. In Information Technology, we often need to process and reason with information coming from various sources. Information is almost always tainted with various kinds of imperfection: imprecision, uncertainty, ambiguity, we need a strategy to allow for the representation, propagation and combination of all kinds of imperfect information. One of them is the theory of belief functions. Real-time data generated from autonomous and distributed sources can contain all sorts of imperfections regarding on the quality of data as the imprecision, the uncertainty, the ignorance and/or the incompleteness. For example any imperfection in data within smart city can have an adverse effect over the performance of urban services and decision making. This article is addressed in this context, and we address in this article the problem of imperfection in smart city data. We will focus on handling imperfection during the process of information retrieval and data integration and we will create an evidential database by using the evidence theory in order to improve the efficiency of smart city. The expected outcomes from this paper are 1) to focus on handling imperfection during the process of information retrieval and data integration 2) to create an evidential database by using the evidence theory in order to improve the efficiency of smart city. As experimentation we present a special case of modelling imperfect data in the Transport field. An evidential database will be built which will contain all the perfect and imperfect data. These data come from several Heterogeneous sources. Imperfect aspects in the evidential database expressed by the theory of beliefs.
{"title":"Strategy for Evaluation the Data in the Context of Smart Cities: Case Study of Transport System","authors":"H. Sta","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071775","url":null,"abstract":"The concept “Smart Cities” knows as a form of sustainable development. It represents an urban model and performance of urban service. This concept is based on distributed and autonomous information infrastructure contains millions of information sources that will be expected more than 50 billion devices connected by using IoT or other similar technologies. In Information Technology, we often need to process and reason with information coming from various sources. Information is almost always tainted with various kinds of imperfection: imprecision, uncertainty, ambiguity, we need a strategy to allow for the representation, propagation and combination of all kinds of imperfect information. One of them is the theory of belief functions. Real-time data generated from autonomous and distributed sources can contain all sorts of imperfections regarding on the quality of data as the imprecision, the uncertainty, the ignorance and/or the incompleteness. For example any imperfection in data within smart city can have an adverse effect over the performance of urban services and decision making. This article is addressed in this context, and we address in this article the problem of imperfection in smart city data. We will focus on handling imperfection during the process of information retrieval and data integration and we will create an evidential database by using the evidence theory in order to improve the efficiency of smart city. The expected outcomes from this paper are 1) to focus on handling imperfection during the process of information retrieval and data integration 2) to create an evidential database by using the evidence theory in order to improve the efficiency of smart city. As experimentation we present a special case of modelling imperfect data in the Transport field. An evidential database will be built which will contain all the perfect and imperfect data. These data come from several Heterogeneous sources. Imperfect aspects in the evidential database expressed by the theory of beliefs.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121612326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071698
A. Musa, B. Paul
This work demonstrates wireless transmission over the Frequency Modulation (FM) broadcast band using piezoelectric energy harvesting. In some operations, usually covert or hidden, recording devices are installed in remote areas to pick up ambient human voice signals and record them. However, such voice signals are only recorded and cannot be listened to in real-time. This problem can be remedied using a remote listening device based on FM transmitter operations comprising a microphone (for receiving the ambient voice signals), FM transmitter device, and a microcontroller device such as the ATmega328P. In order to have the remotely installed system to function for extended periods of time, a piezoelectric energy harvester is integrated with the transmitter device. Thus, powering the device from the environmental vibrations or stresses making it suitable for high vibration environments like vehicles, machine rooms, air conditioner sets, appliances with rotating parts such as fans. etc. The result shows that the piezoelectric harvester can be suitable to power the FM transmitter efficiently.
{"title":"Design of an FM Transmitter Powered By Piezoelectric Energy","authors":"A. Musa, B. Paul","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071698","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates wireless transmission over the Frequency Modulation (FM) broadcast band using piezoelectric energy harvesting. In some operations, usually covert or hidden, recording devices are installed in remote areas to pick up ambient human voice signals and record them. However, such voice signals are only recorded and cannot be listened to in real-time. This problem can be remedied using a remote listening device based on FM transmitter operations comprising a microphone (for receiving the ambient voice signals), FM transmitter device, and a microcontroller device such as the ATmega328P. In order to have the remotely installed system to function for extended periods of time, a piezoelectric energy harvester is integrated with the transmitter device. Thus, powering the device from the environmental vibrations or stresses making it suitable for high vibration environments like vehicles, machine rooms, air conditioner sets, appliances with rotating parts such as fans. etc. The result shows that the piezoelectric harvester can be suitable to power the FM transmitter efficiently.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123974091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071772
Eladio Montero Porras, B. Lievens, R. Heyman, P. Ballon
Our understanding of how a city works is changing as more and more activities and interactions of citizens with and within the city are being tracked. It is estimated that by 2020, 1.7MB of data will be created every second for each person [1]. These data are created by different actors, including businesses that collect information to fuel their services. Cities can enrich the understanding of their citizen dynamics and improve data-driven decision-making using these data. However, cities do not have the resources or skills (yet) to handle and analyze this new type of information. In this paper, we propose a methodology for cities to map and identify different sources of existing data, in order to give them a new meaning in the urban planning context. Also, we present our empirical experience with the methodology in solving issues at the city management level. Results show that cities can not only gather new insights by exploring existing datasets from businesses but also give them a new purpose to support and evaluate decision-making on the urban space and its development.
{"title":"Performing smart cities research based on existing datasets: a methodology framework","authors":"Eladio Montero Porras, B. Lievens, R. Heyman, P. Ballon","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071772","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of how a city works is changing as more and more activities and interactions of citizens with and within the city are being tracked. It is estimated that by 2020, 1.7MB of data will be created every second for each person [1]. These data are created by different actors, including businesses that collect information to fuel their services. Cities can enrich the understanding of their citizen dynamics and improve data-driven decision-making using these data. However, cities do not have the resources or skills (yet) to handle and analyze this new type of information. In this paper, we propose a methodology for cities to map and identify different sources of existing data, in order to give them a new meaning in the urban planning context. Also, we present our empirical experience with the methodology in solving issues at the city management level. Results show that cities can not only gather new insights by exploring existing datasets from businesses but also give them a new purpose to support and evaluate decision-making on the urban space and its development.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115965316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071649
H. Raoui, M. Oudani, D. Pelta, A. Alaoui, A. E. Aroudi
In this paper, a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Fuzzy Time Windows and multiple Paths (CVRPFTW-P) for the distribution of perishable food in urban area is proposed and solved. We adopt the real road network modeling approach considering alternative paths to find efficient routes based on real spatial data. The parametric approach is used to decompose the original fuzzy problem into a set of crisp models (CVRPFTW-P). Experiments based on a designed case study in Casablanca city of Morocco was conducted to evaluate the impact of flexible time windows on distribution costs and results show that CVRPFTW-P model can attain significant cost-saving while ensuring a good level of service.
{"title":"Vehicle routing problem on a road-network with fuzzy time windows for perishable food","authors":"H. Raoui, M. Oudani, D. Pelta, A. Alaoui, A. E. Aroudi","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071649","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Fuzzy Time Windows and multiple Paths (CVRPFTW-P) for the distribution of perishable food in urban area is proposed and solved. We adopt the real road network modeling approach considering alternative paths to find efficient routes based on real spatial data. The parametric approach is used to decompose the original fuzzy problem into a set of crisp models (CVRPFTW-P). Experiments based on a designed case study in Casablanca city of Morocco was conducted to evaluate the impact of flexible time windows on distribution costs and results show that CVRPFTW-P model can attain significant cost-saving while ensuring a good level of service.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126631341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071652
Wassim Youssef, A. O. Zaid, Mohamed Sami, M. H. Kammoun
In this work, we address the problem of logistic management of Implantable Medical Devices (IMD) at hospital centers in Tunisia. Our goal is to propose a radio frequency identification (RFID) based framework to secure and automate the management of IMD between the pharmacy and the care units. The RFID technology has been widely used in various fields, including the health care sector, to quickly identify moving and/or remote objects. Yet, to date there is no recognized RFID based system appropriate for the purpose of IMD management. For this reason and due to the pressing need to improve safety and traceability in public health care environment, we propose a tailored solution to adapt RFID technology to the logistic management of IMD at La Rabta university health centre which is the prominent cornerstone of the health sector in Tunisia. This solution may be considered as a prototype that might be extended and deployed either inside or outside the region of Tunis.
{"title":"RFID-based System for Secure Logistic Management of Implantable Medical Devices in Tunisian Health Centres","authors":"Wassim Youssef, A. O. Zaid, Mohamed Sami, M. H. Kammoun","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071652","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we address the problem of logistic management of Implantable Medical Devices (IMD) at hospital centers in Tunisia. Our goal is to propose a radio frequency identification (RFID) based framework to secure and automate the management of IMD between the pharmacy and the care units. The RFID technology has been widely used in various fields, including the health care sector, to quickly identify moving and/or remote objects. Yet, to date there is no recognized RFID based system appropriate for the purpose of IMD management. For this reason and due to the pressing need to improve safety and traceability in public health care environment, we propose a tailored solution to adapt RFID technology to the logistic management of IMD at La Rabta university health centre which is the prominent cornerstone of the health sector in Tunisia. This solution may be considered as a prototype that might be extended and deployed either inside or outside the region of Tunis.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128869350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071704
Q. Gao, S. Ekin, K. Qaraqe, E. Serpedin
Advances in visible light communication (VLC) technology and its smart-city applications have gained great interest, e.g., indoor light-fidelity (LiFi) and outdoor vehicle to vehicle (V2V). In order to fully explore the benefits of VLC under diverse channel/noise environments, it is important to schedule power efficiently so that the capacity is maximized or the error rate is minimized. We propose efficient optical power allocation algorithms for multi-channel single-user VLC capacity bounds maximization and error rate minimization for multi-user VLC with the existence of signal-dependent noise (SDN) for potential city applications. It is pointed out in this paper that the wellknown water-filling algorithm and its generalizations do not apply straightforwardly to the capacity bound optimization for VLC and other communication systems based on the intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD).
{"title":"Capacity Maximizing Power Allocation for Multi-Channel Visible Light Communications","authors":"Q. Gao, S. Ekin, K. Qaraqe, E. Serpedin","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071704","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in visible light communication (VLC) technology and its smart-city applications have gained great interest, e.g., indoor light-fidelity (LiFi) and outdoor vehicle to vehicle (V2V). In order to fully explore the benefits of VLC under diverse channel/noise environments, it is important to schedule power efficiently so that the capacity is maximized or the error rate is minimized. We propose efficient optical power allocation algorithms for multi-channel single-user VLC capacity bounds maximization and error rate minimization for multi-user VLC with the existence of signal-dependent noise (SDN) for potential city applications. It is pointed out in this paper that the wellknown water-filling algorithm and its generalizations do not apply straightforwardly to the capacity bound optimization for VLC and other communication systems based on the intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD).","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122274788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071786
Khaleel W. Mershad, Ali Hamieh
A Learning Management Systems (LMS) is a tool for creating, distributing, tracking, and managing various types of educational and training material. In a previous work, the authors proposed a framework for a future LMS enhanced by Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. The authors outlined the expected enhancements that IoT will bring to the LMS functionalities. In this paper, the authors explain the detailed implementation of an LMS application that enables a student to perform a lab experiment remotely via the LMS while using IoT and robotic tools to control and monitor the experiment. The authors explain the implementation details of the application, including the software; hardware; and IoT devices that were used to realize the application objectives and the methods used to connect the LMS to the IoT equipment. In addition, the authors explain the experiments that were made to test the feasibility and efficiency of the application, which was implemented on top of the Moodle LMS using a custom Plugin that was used to connect Moodle to the IoT tools and execute the functionalities of the application.
{"title":"Using Internet of Things to Enhance Remote Experiments in Learning Management Systems","authors":"Khaleel W. Mershad, Ali Hamieh","doi":"10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071786","url":null,"abstract":"A Learning Management Systems (LMS) is a tool for creating, distributing, tracking, and managing various types of educational and training material. In a previous work, the authors proposed a framework for a future LMS enhanced by Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. The authors outlined the expected enhancements that IoT will bring to the LMS functionalities. In this paper, the authors explain the detailed implementation of an LMS application that enables a student to perform a lab experiment remotely via the LMS while using IoT and robotic tools to control and monitor the experiment. The authors explain the implementation details of the application, including the software; hardware; and IoT devices that were used to realize the application objectives and the methods used to connect the LMS to the IoT equipment. In addition, the authors explain the experiments that were made to test the feasibility and efficiency of the application, which was implemented on top of the Moodle LMS using a custom Plugin that was used to connect Moodle to the IoT tools and execute the functionalities of the application.","PeriodicalId":306836,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122455400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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