Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353160
Mehreen Wahab, Hassan Amin, F. Ahmed
Development of optical character recognition for the cursive script such as Pashto requires detailed knowledge of shape variation within Pashto script. The development of image dataset is essential for training/testing of various OCR approaches. This paper outlines various features of Pashto script, and describes the development of an image dataset for an optical character recognition system.
{"title":"Shape analysis of Pashto script and creation of image database for OCR","authors":"Mehreen Wahab, Hassan Amin, F. Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353160","url":null,"abstract":"Development of optical character recognition for the cursive script such as Pashto requires detailed knowledge of shape variation within Pashto script. The development of image dataset is essential for training/testing of various OCR approaches. This paper outlines various features of Pashto script, and describes the development of an image dataset for an optical character recognition system.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132270050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353133
Umer Rashid, I. A. Niaz, Muhammad Waqas Amin, M. A. Bhatti
Human Computer Interaction (HCI) based interface modeling techniques can be employed in designing interactions. They provide complete mechanism for the design of an interactive interface in analysis and design phases of interface development. Interface design using these techniques incorporates usability and utility aspects. Object Action Interface (OAI) model is an interaction modeling technique. Our investigation revealed that existing model lacks interface responses, change of the interface states, relationship among interface constructs and mapping of sequence of actions on sequence of objects. OAI model may not be efficiently employed in designing interactions due to the investigated shortcomings. In this study we propose an enhancement in the existing OAI model. Response is introduced in the existing OAI model that will provide an improved mechanism for the design of interactions. The proposed mechanism can be employed as a new interface modeling paradigm. This modeling paradigm will lead to better interface response, improved relationships among interface constructs and better mapping of sequence of actions on sequence of objects.
{"title":"Designing interactions using OAI model: A new interface modeling paradigm","authors":"Umer Rashid, I. A. Niaz, Muhammad Waqas Amin, M. A. Bhatti","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353133","url":null,"abstract":"Human Computer Interaction (HCI) based interface modeling techniques can be employed in designing interactions. They provide complete mechanism for the design of an interactive interface in analysis and design phases of interface development. Interface design using these techniques incorporates usability and utility aspects. Object Action Interface (OAI) model is an interaction modeling technique. Our investigation revealed that existing model lacks interface responses, change of the interface states, relationship among interface constructs and mapping of sequence of actions on sequence of objects. OAI model may not be efficiently employed in designing interactions due to the investigated shortcomings. In this study we propose an enhancement in the existing OAI model. Response is introduced in the existing OAI model that will provide an improved mechanism for the design of interactions. The proposed mechanism can be employed as a new interface modeling paradigm. This modeling paradigm will lead to better interface response, improved relationships among interface constructs and better mapping of sequence of actions on sequence of objects.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127804415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353189
V. Fathabadi, M. Shahbazian, K. Salahshoor, Lotfollah Jargani
This paper presents the state estimation problem for a nonlinear industrial plant using asynchronous measurements. A novel approach based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed to deal with estimation problem of sensors having different time delays and different sampling rates. The main idea of the suggested method is to update state and covariance without filter recalculation. The performance of the proposed method will be investigated through a simulation case study conducted on a continues stirred tank reactor as an industrial nonlinear benchmark. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with a previously reported approach [15].
{"title":"Performance monitoring of a CSTR plant using asynchronous data fusion based on Extended Kalman Filter","authors":"V. Fathabadi, M. Shahbazian, K. Salahshoor, Lotfollah Jargani","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353189","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the state estimation problem for a nonlinear industrial plant using asynchronous measurements. A novel approach based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed to deal with estimation problem of sensors having different time delays and different sampling rates. The main idea of the suggested method is to update state and covariance without filter recalculation. The performance of the proposed method will be investigated through a simulation case study conducted on a continues stirred tank reactor as an industrial nonlinear benchmark. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with a previously reported approach [15].","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128123484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353175
Waqas Ali Khan, Talha Khan, M. Ali, Shahid Abbas
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system with ranges of 4–10 m become popular in replacing wire system, technologies such as Bluetooth and ZigBee used for this purpose but due to its low data rate of 1 Mbps which is not enough for large file transfer and applications like video streaming there is a need of technology which address all these issues, Ultra Wideband is such a emerging wireless technology which support data rates up to 0.5 Gbps. UWB with its Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) infrastructure is an ultimate choice for the transmission of high speed data by dividing its wide frequency spectrum into sub 14-bands. The architecture of MB-OFDM transmitter baseband is presented in this paper and its modeling in MATLAB is discussed in detail. Modeling of UWB PHY transmitter baseband in MATLAB is helpful for designing its commercial product by optimizing various parameters.
{"title":"High level modeling of an ultra wide-band baseband transmitter in MATLAB","authors":"Waqas Ali Khan, Talha Khan, M. Ali, Shahid Abbas","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353175","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system with ranges of 4–10 m become popular in replacing wire system, technologies such as Bluetooth and ZigBee used for this purpose but due to its low data rate of 1 Mbps which is not enough for large file transfer and applications like video streaming there is a need of technology which address all these issues, Ultra Wideband is such a emerging wireless technology which support data rates up to 0.5 Gbps. UWB with its Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) infrastructure is an ultimate choice for the transmission of high speed data by dividing its wide frequency spectrum into sub 14-bands. The architecture of MB-OFDM transmitter baseband is presented in this paper and its modeling in MATLAB is discussed in detail. Modeling of UWB PHY transmitter baseband in MATLAB is helpful for designing its commercial product by optimizing various parameters.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131546682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353151
Umm-e-Habiba, S. Asghar
Over the past few decades, decision-making has gained popularity due to its frequent implications in managerial domains as it enables decision makers to come up with preeminent decisions. This explicit the importance of improved decision making processes given the competitive and dynamic business environment these days. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) — a well known decision making process is based on the progression of using methods and procedures of multiple conflicting criteria into management planning processes, whereas, Decision Support Systems (DSS) are considered powerful tools for decision-making. MCDM is widely used in conjunction with Decision support systems (DSS) by a large number of decision makers in variety of fields, such as financial analysis, flood risk management, housing evaluation, disaster management and Customer relationship management. Apart from several diversified advantages of using MCDM-DSS architecture, certain issues are also attached to this highly useful decision-making methodology. The main objective of this study is to provide critical evaluation by reviewing and synthesizing the available literature on MCDM-DSS architecture. This study will act as a landmark in providing in-depth knowledge on strength and weaknesses of several models and methodologies reviewed for articulation of this study.
{"title":"A survey on multi-criteria decision making approaches","authors":"Umm-e-Habiba, S. Asghar","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353151","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, decision-making has gained popularity due to its frequent implications in managerial domains as it enables decision makers to come up with preeminent decisions. This explicit the importance of improved decision making processes given the competitive and dynamic business environment these days. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) — a well known decision making process is based on the progression of using methods and procedures of multiple conflicting criteria into management planning processes, whereas, Decision Support Systems (DSS) are considered powerful tools for decision-making. MCDM is widely used in conjunction with Decision support systems (DSS) by a large number of decision makers in variety of fields, such as financial analysis, flood risk management, housing evaluation, disaster management and Customer relationship management. Apart from several diversified advantages of using MCDM-DSS architecture, certain issues are also attached to this highly useful decision-making methodology. The main objective of this study is to provide critical evaluation by reviewing and synthesizing the available literature on MCDM-DSS architecture. This study will act as a landmark in providing in-depth knowledge on strength and weaknesses of several models and methodologies reviewed for articulation of this study.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131869885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353179
Irfan ul Haq, E. Schikuta, Kevin Kofler
Automated composition and optimization of workflows in Service Oriented Computing (SOC) is a challenging research area. However, there are numerous problems yet to be completely resolved, such as: How to automate the solution in a service oriented environment with redundant services competing with each other? How to formally quantify the performance metrics based on user requirements both at the task level and at the overall workflow level? How to select the optimal set of services in order to maximize the user happiness? How to cope with the dynamic behaviors such as user changing his requirements and failing resources? We present a smart approach based on the Blackboard Systems for the generation of workflows in service enriched environments such as the Grid and the Cloud Computing. We devise a mathematical model to automate the blackboard based workflow generation. Our model defines a ”happiness measure”, that, on the basis of user specified requirements and priorities for various activities in the abstract workflow, identifies optimal possibilities of service orchestrations. Then we discuss an example scenario to demonstrate these formal techniques and show a speedup analysis of our parallelized Branch and Bound algorithm based implementation. We also discuss possibilities of other more efficient algorithms.
{"title":"Using blackboard system to automate and optimize workflow orchestrations","authors":"Irfan ul Haq, E. Schikuta, Kevin Kofler","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353179","url":null,"abstract":"Automated composition and optimization of workflows in Service Oriented Computing (SOC) is a challenging research area. However, there are numerous problems yet to be completely resolved, such as: How to automate the solution in a service oriented environment with redundant services competing with each other? How to formally quantify the performance metrics based on user requirements both at the task level and at the overall workflow level? How to select the optimal set of services in order to maximize the user happiness? How to cope with the dynamic behaviors such as user changing his requirements and failing resources? We present a smart approach based on the Blackboard Systems for the generation of workflows in service enriched environments such as the Grid and the Cloud Computing. We devise a mathematical model to automate the blackboard based workflow generation. Our model defines a ”happiness measure”, that, on the basis of user specified requirements and priorities for various activities in the abstract workflow, identifies optimal possibilities of service orchestrations. Then we discuss an example scenario to demonstrate these formal techniques and show a speedup analysis of our parallelized Branch and Bound algorithm based implementation. We also discuss possibilities of other more efficient algorithms.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116429318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353124
A. Irshad, M. Shafiq, Ashfaqur Rahman, S. Khurram, M. Usman, E. Irshad
The research in Mobile Ad hoc Networks has been gaining ground for its ease of random deployment. There might be more than a single MANET group around, operating independently. The mobility factor cannot restrict the nodes to a single location or a MANET group that aggravates the authentication issues. The authentication of nodes among different MANET groups is not trivial when considered in a broad global scenario and has to withstand the same key management problems as in a single MANET group. In proposed model the scope of the scheme [4] has been extended beyond a single MANET group. The model highlights the role of 4G for secure interaction of nodes from different MANET groups. The modes of interaction and authentication among nodes from different groups, identified or unidentified, has been defined and analyzed.
{"title":"A secure interaction among nodes from different MANET groups using 4G technologies","authors":"A. Irshad, M. Shafiq, Ashfaqur Rahman, S. Khurram, M. Usman, E. Irshad","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353124","url":null,"abstract":"The research in Mobile Ad hoc Networks has been gaining ground for its ease of random deployment. There might be more than a single MANET group around, operating independently. The mobility factor cannot restrict the nodes to a single location or a MANET group that aggravates the authentication issues. The authentication of nodes among different MANET groups is not trivial when considered in a broad global scenario and has to withstand the same key management problems as in a single MANET group. In proposed model the scope of the scheme [4] has been extended beyond a single MANET group. The model highlights the role of 4G for secure interaction of nodes from different MANET groups. The modes of interaction and authentication among nodes from different groups, identified or unidentified, has been defined and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353155
R. Kashif, I. Safwat, A. A. Khan
In this paper we consider symbol detection in Alamouti's space-time block coding (STBC) scheme by using Adaptive Sphere Decoder (ASD) which carries out adaptive radius search over time-selective fading channels. Once the channel is time-varying in nature, the channel co-efficients vary from one signaling interval to another, a conventional Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector carries out exhaustive search and thus becomes computationally expensive specially for higher modulation schemes in a multi-antenna system. Use of SD in time-selective fading channel results in optimal performance with moderate computational complexity. We evaluate the bit-error rate (BER) performance of ASD as compared to the exhaustive search ML detector as well as the generalized simplified ML (GSML) detector, proposed by Tran et al. over time-varying channels. Simulation results suggest that the use of ASD algorithm based on Fincke and Pohst method improves system performance but at expense of marginal computational complexity.
{"title":"Efficient detection of space time block codes in time-selective channels via Adaptive Sphere Decoder","authors":"R. Kashif, I. Safwat, A. A. Khan","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353155","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we consider symbol detection in Alamouti's space-time block coding (STBC) scheme by using Adaptive Sphere Decoder (ASD) which carries out adaptive radius search over time-selective fading channels. Once the channel is time-varying in nature, the channel co-efficients vary from one signaling interval to another, a conventional Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector carries out exhaustive search and thus becomes computationally expensive specially for higher modulation schemes in a multi-antenna system. Use of SD in time-selective fading channel results in optimal performance with moderate computational complexity. We evaluate the bit-error rate (BER) performance of ASD as compared to the exhaustive search ML detector as well as the generalized simplified ML (GSML) detector, proposed by Tran et al. over time-varying channels. Simulation results suggest that the use of ASD algorithm based on Fincke and Pohst method improves system performance but at expense of marginal computational complexity.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"31 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124728354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353171
S. Kayani
In this research paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been used to determine the mineralogical and elemental composition of a stone sample recovered from a location near village Lehri in district Jhelum, Pakistan. The test data is compared with previous findings (as reported in literature and included in references) to identify this sample stone as part of a meteorite ablation debris.
{"title":"Using combined XRD-XRF analysis to identify meteorite ablation debris","authors":"S. Kayani","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353171","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been used to determine the mineralogical and elemental composition of a stone sample recovered from a location near village Lehri in district Jhelum, Pakistan. The test data is compared with previous findings (as reported in literature and included in references) to identify this sample stone as part of a meteorite ablation debris.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120846559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2009.5353128
Razia Nisar Noorani
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), is an autonomous mobile nodes forming network in an infrastructure less environment and has dynamic topology, also called short lived networks. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used to discover routes between them. In MANET, temporary link failures and route changes happen frequently. With the assumption that all packet losses are due to congestion, Transport Control Protocol (TCP) performs poorly in such an environment. Many TCP variants have been developed for the improved performance of TCP in MANET. In this paper, through simulations that were carried out by using Network Simulator-2 (NS-2), two selected MANET Reactive Routing protocols i.e. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance-vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Protocol were analyzed in accordance with their finest performance of packets delivery rate, average end-to-end delay, and packet dropping, under TCP Vegas with mobility consideration at different pause time values. The simulation results indicate that AODV has a better throughput performance and low average end to end delay as compared to DSR, but AODV suffers from high packet drop.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of Reactive MANET Routing protocols under the traffic of TCP VEGAS with mobility considerations","authors":"Razia Nisar Noorani","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2009.5353128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2009.5353128","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), is an autonomous mobile nodes forming network in an infrastructure less environment and has dynamic topology, also called short lived networks. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used to discover routes between them. In MANET, temporary link failures and route changes happen frequently. With the assumption that all packet losses are due to congestion, Transport Control Protocol (TCP) performs poorly in such an environment. Many TCP variants have been developed for the improved performance of TCP in MANET. In this paper, through simulations that were carried out by using Network Simulator-2 (NS-2), two selected MANET Reactive Routing protocols i.e. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance-vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Protocol were analyzed in accordance with their finest performance of packets delivery rate, average end-to-end delay, and packet dropping, under TCP Vegas with mobility consideration at different pause time values. The simulation results indicate that AODV has a better throughput performance and low average end to end delay as compared to DSR, but AODV suffers from high packet drop.","PeriodicalId":307661,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130063695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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