The call for post disaster reconstruction may look very elementary and naive, but the question is regarding, the common agreement on procedure priorities of this reconstruction, availability of sufficient premises, sharing and gathering of the available documentations of the destroyed sectors voluntarily, and to how extent may Mosul society accept 21st century technologies and built environment in reconstruction procedure, taking into consideration the local identity of the old city. These questions may lead to the necessity for a concrete justification for any decision to be made, these decisions are to be acceptable by majority of Mosul city society, this can be done by detecting the collaborative unconscious perception for the matter of disastrous status of the destroyed old city, and available collaborative image for reconstruction procedures, to detect such an image, perception scales can be used, especially ones that were adopted to detect the rate of architecture vocabulary perception. Finally the paper aims to be able to determine indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People, the research started with building a theoretical framework by reviewing similar studies regarding perception, semantic differential scale and built heritage, the field survey was started by determining the survey society that represent various Mosul city social ranks, then this survey society was furnished with copies of the questionnaires, results of the survey were gathered, analyzed and discussed, coming out with a conclusion that, the results of this paper, represents indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People
{"title":"The role of collaborative perception in determining procedure priorities of reconstruction (Mosul old city)","authors":"M. Khayat, R. Sultan, Banaz Muhealddin","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10133","url":null,"abstract":"The call for post disaster reconstruction may look very elementary and naive, but the question is regarding, the common agreement on procedure priorities of this reconstruction, availability of sufficient premises, sharing and gathering of the available documentations of the destroyed sectors voluntarily, and to how extent may Mosul society accept 21st century technologies and built environment in reconstruction procedure, taking into consideration the local identity of the old city. These questions may lead to the necessity for a concrete justification for any decision to be made, these decisions are to be acceptable by majority of Mosul city society, this can be done by detecting the collaborative unconscious perception for the matter of disastrous status of the destroyed old city, and available collaborative image for reconstruction procedures, to detect such an image, perception scales can be used, especially ones that were adopted to detect the rate of architecture vocabulary perception. Finally the paper aims to be able to determine indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People, the research started with building a theoretical framework by reviewing similar studies regarding perception, semantic differential scale and built heritage, the field survey was started by determining the survey society that represent various Mosul city social ranks, then this survey society was furnished with copies of the questionnaires, results of the survey were gathered, analyzed and discussed, coming out with a conclusion that, the results of this paper, represents indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"149 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126127540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technological advancements over the last decade has led to changes in people`s preferences and lifestyle which needs to be reflected in the design and planning of urban environments. It has become essential to pursue, create homes with greater agility, better interrelationships of components and more open systems. Contemporary homes are hugely difficult to modify as most building have fixed and static structure. The most common concept of space in current dwellings is its categorization by functions, such as sleeping rooms, bathroom and living room. Rather than requiring users to shift, twist, and surrender to fit into static environments, the new architecture should technologically adapt to support the building sustainability by ensuring users‟ wellbeing and safety, long term value of the building and its efficiency. In this context, Efficiency indicates Spatial Flexibility which enhances the quality of inner space. Spatial Flexibility is the capacity of inner spaces to be: Adaptive, Responsive and Resilient. The main aim of the research is: to clarify the impact of smart technology to improve flexibility in inner spaces and to evaluate the level of spatial flexibility between smart and contemporary apartment. The researcher employed qualitative analysis methodology to test experimental prototypes designed by researcher and investigate the impact of use of Smart technology on spatial flexibility in contemporary house and in future smart house in Sulaymaniyah (Kurdistan region of Iraq). The empirical nature of our case study led us to organize the research into two levels: theoretical level to form conceptual structure and practical level in which we chose two models smart and contemporary. Results explained that smart homes display an improved spatial flexibility than contemporary homes by the effective use of space for the full range of functions using smart devices.
{"title":"Comparative Study between the Spatial Flexibility in Contemporary Apartments and Future Smart Apartments in Iraq","authors":"Raz Kamaran, A. Tayib, Ibtisam Mohammed","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10134","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advancements over the last decade has led to changes in people`s preferences and lifestyle which needs to be reflected in the design and planning of urban environments. It has become essential to pursue, create homes with greater agility, better interrelationships of components and more open systems. Contemporary homes are hugely difficult to modify as most building have fixed and static structure. The most common concept of space in current dwellings is its categorization by functions, such as sleeping rooms, bathroom and living room. Rather than requiring users to shift, twist, and surrender to fit into static environments, the new architecture should technologically adapt to support the building sustainability by ensuring users‟ wellbeing and safety, long term value of the building and its efficiency. In this context, Efficiency indicates Spatial Flexibility which enhances the quality of inner space. Spatial Flexibility is the capacity of inner spaces to be: Adaptive, Responsive and Resilient. The main aim of the research is: to clarify the impact of smart technology to improve flexibility in inner spaces and to evaluate the level of spatial flexibility between smart and contemporary apartment. The researcher employed qualitative analysis methodology to test experimental prototypes designed by researcher and investigate the impact of use of Smart technology on spatial flexibility in contemporary house and in future smart house in Sulaymaniyah (Kurdistan region of Iraq). The empirical nature of our case study led us to organize the research into two levels: theoretical level to form conceptual structure and practical level in which we chose two models smart and contemporary. Results explained that smart homes display an improved spatial flexibility than contemporary homes by the effective use of space for the full range of functions using smart devices.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129158566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cultural heritage plays an important role in determining the identity of any community, and the architectural output is at the forefront of this subject since it‟s the direct visual product of a cumulative result of the experience led by the communities within a given time and place which is compatible with the cultural structure and social life. From this point of view, the academic curriculum in many architectural schools tries to enhance the students‟ vision for the cultural heritage by introducing that heritage as a main source of inspiration in the creation of their design product. This comes in various ways, most of which are based on the employing of visual elements and external details showing their impact on the facades of the design projects as a blind repetition of that legacy, while some schools are investigating more deeply the ideology behind the production of that legacy and direct their students to study the deep structure of that heritage and reproduce it differently from previous to more contemporary architecture. The process of evaluating student‟s architectural products supports those approaches of inspiring heritage-based projects as those processes considered as an evaluating means for the outputs. One of the most important sources for those evaluations were students‟ project competitions and awards, which play a vital role in implicitly inspiring the cultural values of that heritage. Tamayouz Excellence Award for Graduation Projects stands on the head of these awards for the final stage output of Iraqi students. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the academic output of the students' products which were chosen as a shortlist by (Tamayouz Excellence Award for Iraqi Students) can reflect the iconic, canonic, pragmatic, and analogy depiction of that heritage, and thus its ability to create a product with a deep local cultural vision. This is done by examining those output of several Iraqi architectural final stage students by analyzing those projects according to the structural elements that formulate their concepts, to point out those trends that help the promoting out values of identity within their works. The research found that the projects which inspire the heritage were not the most likely to run for the final positions. The reason for this lies in the superficial approach in which these projects dealt with the heritage values, and the local culture has been limited to the inspiration of the just formal elements without going deeply into the intellectual depth of that heritage
{"title":"The Role of Architectural Awards for Enhancing Heritage-Based Graduation Projects Analytical Study of Tamayouz Excellence Award for Iraqi Students","authors":"Nahedh Taha Al-Qemaqchi","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10131","url":null,"abstract":"The cultural heritage plays an important role in determining the identity of any community, and the architectural output is at the forefront of this subject since it‟s the direct visual product of a cumulative result of the experience led by the communities within a given time and place which is compatible with the cultural structure and social life. From this point of view, the academic curriculum in many architectural schools tries to enhance the students‟ vision for the cultural heritage by introducing that heritage as a main source of inspiration in the creation of their design product. This comes in various ways, most of which are based on the employing of visual elements and external details showing their impact on the facades of the design projects as a blind repetition of that legacy, while some schools are investigating more deeply the ideology behind the production of that legacy and direct their students to study the deep structure of that heritage and reproduce it differently from previous to more contemporary architecture. The process of evaluating student‟s architectural products supports those approaches of inspiring heritage-based projects as those processes considered as an evaluating means for the outputs. One of the most important sources for those evaluations were students‟ project competitions and awards, which play a vital role in implicitly inspiring the cultural values of that heritage. Tamayouz Excellence Award for Graduation Projects stands on the head of these awards for the final stage output of Iraqi students. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the academic output of the students' products which were chosen as a shortlist by (Tamayouz Excellence Award for Iraqi Students) can reflect the iconic, canonic, pragmatic, and analogy depiction of that heritage, and thus its ability to create a product with a deep local cultural vision. This is done by examining those output of several Iraqi architectural final stage students by analyzing those projects according to the structural elements that formulate their concepts, to point out those trends that help the promoting out values of identity within their works. The research found that the projects which inspire the heritage were not the most likely to run for the final positions. The reason for this lies in the superficial approach in which these projects dealt with the heritage values, and the local culture has been limited to the inspiration of the just formal elements without going deeply into the intellectual depth of that heritage","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"47 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115630074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heat transfer in fluid-solid fluidized beds is investigated using a combined of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) approach, incorporated with a thermal model. The approach has taken into account almost all the mechanisms in heat transfer in fluidized beds. A comparison and validation of hydrodynamic and thermal data of fluidized bed obtained using CFD-DEM thermal approach with experimental and numerical results data in the literature is carried out. The simulations results reveal a good thermal steady state during the simulation time for calculating the thermal behaviors of fluidized beds like; the mean particle temperature, bed porosity, heat transfer coefficient and mean particle Reynolds number. The simulations results are showed a good agreement and consistency with the experimental and numerical data in the literatures. Thus, the integration of combined CFD-DEM with the thermal model is a step toward for the prediction, development the heat transfer efficiency in fluid-solid system, and the decrease of energy consumption of the industrial applications.
{"title":"Computational Study of Heat Transfer Behavior in Fluid-Solid Fluidized Beds.","authors":"Sherko Flamarz","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10132","url":null,"abstract":"Heat transfer in fluid-solid fluidized beds is investigated using a combined of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) approach, incorporated with a thermal model. The approach has taken into account almost all the mechanisms in heat transfer in fluidized beds. A comparison and validation of hydrodynamic and thermal data of fluidized bed obtained using CFD-DEM thermal approach with experimental and numerical results data in the literature is carried out. The simulations results reveal a good thermal steady state during the simulation time for calculating the thermal behaviors of fluidized beds like; the mean particle temperature, bed porosity, heat transfer coefficient and mean particle Reynolds number. The simulations results are showed a good agreement and consistency with the experimental and numerical data in the literatures. Thus, the integration of combined CFD-DEM with the thermal model is a step toward for the prediction, development the heat transfer efficiency in fluid-solid system, and the decrease of energy consumption of the industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126540592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, physical and mechanical properties of high strength concrete containing PVC waste have been investigated. The fine aggregate was replaced with PVC waste with two different gradings (fine grading and coarse grading) at dosages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% by the volume of aggregate. The properties include physical properties of density and water absorption, mechanical properties of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. Results show that in general, using 5% PVC replacement in high strength concrete has no appreciable effect to damage the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. With increasing PVC aggregate content, the deterioration of the concrete properties was observed. The coarse graded PVC aggregate has some more effect on the deterioration of concrete properties compared to the fine graded PVC aggregate.
{"title":"Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete containing PVC Waste as a Sand Replacement","authors":"Tavga Mohammad, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10139","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, physical and mechanical properties of high strength concrete containing PVC waste have been investigated. The fine aggregate was replaced with PVC waste with two different gradings (fine grading and coarse grading) at dosages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% by the volume of aggregate. The properties include physical properties of density and water absorption, mechanical properties of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. Results show that in general, using 5% PVC replacement in high strength concrete has no appreciable effect to damage the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. With increasing PVC aggregate content, the deterioration of the concrete properties was observed. The coarse graded PVC aggregate has some more effect on the deterioration of concrete properties compared to the fine graded PVC aggregate.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125229505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the major causes to increase traffic accidents is traffic violations from drivers that occur on road networks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of traffic violation and demographic characteristics of the drivers on the traffic safety in Sulaymaniyah urban street networks. A questionnaire survey approach was used to collect data from 244 drivers; 143 male and 101 female drivers. The questionnaire form included ten questions; six of the questions were related to the traffic violations types and four of them were related to the demographic parameters of the drivers. Each of the drivers answer scored on a six-point Likert scale (1 = never, to 6 = almost always). Statistical Minitab 16 software was used to statistically evaluate the data and compare the scores using z-test, then obtain the descriptive statistics. There were significant differences between the violation scores from male and female drivers. It was realized that the male drivers drive their vehicles in more violative manner than female drivers because male drivers had higher scores in all types of the moving vehicle violations and overall violations compared to female drivers. The female drivers had a smaller number of accidents, age, and travelling distance than male drivers. The old age drivers do fewer violations than young drivers. Drivers having high travelling distance per week do more violations than drivers having less driving distance per week. The overall violation score correlates with the age of drivers (rs = 0.247), number of accidents (rs = 0.265). All types of the violation measurements are highly correlated with the overall average value of the violation. However, the overall value of the violation score for all of the drivers was 18.1 out of 100. Efforts should be spent by traffic police to reduce number of traffic accidents and improving efficiency of the traffic flows in Sulaymaniyah City for the street networks. Rather than stopping traffic police on intersections, it is preferred to traffic police observe the drivers’ violation on the streets during driving. Regarding to the driving license, traffic police can concentrate more to male and young drivers.
{"title":"Effects of Traffic Violation and Demographic Characteristics on Traffic Safety in Sulaymaniyah City","authors":"Burhanudin Muhamad, Hardy Karim, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10142","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major causes to increase traffic accidents is traffic violations from drivers that occur on road networks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of traffic violation and demographic characteristics of the drivers on the traffic safety in Sulaymaniyah urban street networks. A questionnaire survey approach was used to collect data from 244 drivers; 143 male and 101 female drivers. The questionnaire form included ten questions; six of the questions were related to the traffic violations types and four of them were related to the demographic parameters of the drivers. Each of the drivers answer scored on a six-point Likert scale (1 = never, to 6 = almost always). Statistical Minitab 16 software was used to statistically evaluate the data and compare the scores using z-test, then obtain the descriptive statistics. There were significant differences between the violation scores from male and female drivers. It was realized that the male drivers drive their vehicles in more violative manner than female drivers because male drivers had higher scores in all types of the moving vehicle violations and overall violations compared to female drivers. The female drivers had a smaller number of accidents, age, and travelling distance than male drivers. The old age drivers do fewer violations than young drivers. Drivers having high travelling distance per week do more violations than drivers having less driving distance per week. The overall violation score correlates with the age of drivers (rs = 0.247), number of accidents (rs = 0.265). All types of the violation measurements are highly correlated with the overall average value of the violation. However, the overall value of the violation score for all of the drivers was 18.1 out of 100. Efforts should be spent by traffic police to reduce number of traffic accidents and improving efficiency of the traffic flows in Sulaymaniyah City for the street networks. Rather than stopping traffic police on intersections, it is preferred to traffic police observe the drivers’ violation on the streets during driving. Regarding to the driving license, traffic police can concentrate more to male and young drivers.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125286797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, almost all forms that surround us, in our building's environment and even on papers became similar to each other. The problems with the form are related to the inability of creating it from scratch because the process of creating form today is a process of displacement of a previous formal perception towards a new formal one, or by the aid of computer, and that leads to creating the monotony in forms due to their similarities. What is predominantly accepted as logical may not necessarily be true. The idea that is generally accepted by all architects is that the role of the architect is to build by adding, it sounds illogical to expect architects to focus on the question of builds by subtracting. Our initial hypothesis assumed that the paradoxical soul of “less and more” in architectural form is revealed in the rhetorical figures, where the subtraction strategy is alternative of the addition strategy. For that, the concept of form in architecture in this research has been deconstructed to its primary elements: Type „deep structure‟ and style „surface structure‟. In addition, the research clarified and set up the primary variable represented by the subtraction, and secondary variables (Fragmentation and segmentation, Transparency, Geometrical rigor, Distortion of scale, Identical repetition, Erosion) which help of creating rhetorical forms, in another word, it makes us get 'More' from 'Less'. As a conclusion, the distinctive thing that the research revealed about the strategies of architectural form besides the subtraction strategy and the concept of rhetorical numbers, is the concept of the conceptual golden subtraction, where the research detected it in Islamic architectural design and interpreted and connected it with the disconnected letters of the holy Quran, Al-Jarjani theory of subtraction, and the design language of the architect Sinan.
{"title":"Paradoxical relationships between Less and More in architectural Form","authors":"A. Ahmed, A. Tayib","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10140","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, almost all forms that surround us, in our building's environment and even on papers became similar to each other. The problems with the form are related to the inability of creating it from scratch because the process of creating form today is a process of displacement of a previous formal perception towards a new formal one, or by the aid of computer, and that leads to creating the monotony in forms due to their similarities. What is predominantly accepted as logical may not necessarily be true. The idea that is generally accepted by all architects is that the role of the architect is to build by adding, it sounds illogical to expect architects to focus on the question of builds by subtracting. Our initial hypothesis assumed that the paradoxical soul of “less and more” in architectural form is revealed in the rhetorical figures, where the subtraction strategy is alternative of the addition strategy. For that, the concept of form in architecture in this research has been deconstructed to its primary elements: Type „deep structure‟ and style „surface structure‟. In addition, the research clarified and set up the primary variable represented by the subtraction, and secondary variables (Fragmentation and segmentation, Transparency, Geometrical rigor, Distortion of scale, Identical repetition, Erosion) which help of creating rhetorical forms, in another word, it makes us get 'More' from 'Less'. As a conclusion, the distinctive thing that the research revealed about the strategies of architectural form besides the subtraction strategy and the concept of rhetorical numbers, is the concept of the conceptual golden subtraction, where the research detected it in Islamic architectural design and interpreted and connected it with the disconnected letters of the holy Quran, Al-Jarjani theory of subtraction, and the design language of the architect Sinan.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130432378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to increase traffic safety on our roads, certain forms of behavior and personality traits of passenger car drivers were studied. As an attempt to understand the potential contribution of drivers’ impulsiveness and aggressiveness in traffic accidents in Sulaimaniyah City, this study was conducted. The correlation between drivers’ impulsiveness and aggressiveness were also explored. Participants, who filled Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Aggressive Driving Behavior Questionnaire (ADBQ), were 244 drivers. The male drivers who answered the questionnaires were 143, while female drivers were 101. The results of the statistical analyses showed that male drivers are driving more aggressively than female drivers; as a result, male drivers faced higher numbers of traffic accidents than female drivers. There were no significant differences between male and female drivers regarding drivers’ impulsivity. Speeding as a measuring scale of the aggressive driving is significantly correlated with second-order impulsiveness subscales. The attentional and motor impulsiveness subscales are more correlated with the total score of the driving aggressiveness than non-planning subscale. There was moderate correlation between the impulsiveness total score and the overall aggressiveness score. The impulsiveness of the drivers was negatively correlated with the drivers’ ages and positively correlated with number of crashes; while the driving aggressiveness was significantly correlated with number of crashes and negatively with gender and age of the drivers. The traffic police in Sulaimaniyah City can benefit from the results of this paper during permitting driving license and enforcement processes.
{"title":"Analyses of Aggressiveness, Impulsiveness, and Demographics of the Drivers in Sulaimaniyah City Using Questionnaire Forms","authors":"Hardy Karim","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10143","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase traffic safety on our roads, certain forms of behavior and personality traits of passenger car drivers were studied. As an attempt to understand the potential contribution of drivers’ impulsiveness and aggressiveness in traffic accidents in Sulaimaniyah City, this study was conducted. The correlation between drivers’ impulsiveness and aggressiveness were also explored. Participants, who filled Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Aggressive Driving Behavior Questionnaire (ADBQ), were 244 drivers. The male drivers who answered the questionnaires were 143, while female drivers were 101. The results of the statistical analyses showed that male drivers are driving more aggressively than female drivers; as a result, male drivers faced higher numbers of traffic accidents than female drivers. There were no significant differences between male and female drivers regarding drivers’ impulsivity. Speeding as a measuring scale of the aggressive driving is significantly correlated with second-order impulsiveness subscales. The attentional and motor impulsiveness subscales are more correlated with the total score of the driving aggressiveness than non-planning subscale. There was moderate correlation between the impulsiveness total score and the overall aggressiveness score. The impulsiveness of the drivers was negatively correlated with the drivers’ ages and positively correlated with number of crashes; while the driving aggressiveness was significantly correlated with number of crashes and negatively with gender and age of the drivers. The traffic police in Sulaimaniyah City can benefit from the results of this paper during permitting driving license and enforcement processes.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128161961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes two workability tests, compressive strength and tensile strength tests of high strength flowable concrete containing plastic fiber prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles. For the high fluidity mix Vebe time and V-funnel time tests were carried out. Results show that there is a Vebe time increase with PET fiber addition to concrete being increased with increasing fiber volume and fiber length. V-funnel time was found to reduce when up to 0.75% fiber volume is added to concrete, followed by an increase for larger fiber volumes. When fiber length is increase, there is more time increase, but in general, V-funnel time increase was lower than that of Vebe time, indicating a different influence of PET fiber on the compatibility and flowability. The measured V-funnel time for all mixes was found to conform to the limits of European specifications on the flowability of self compacting concrete. Small descending in compressive strength was recorded for RPET fiber reinforced concrete that reached 15.74 % for 1.5 percent fiber content with 10 mm fiber length. Attractive results was recorded in split tensile strength of RPET fibrous samples which resulted in improvement up to 63.3 % for 1.5 percent of 40 mm fiber length content.
{"title":"Tests on workability and strength of high strength-flowable concrete containing PET waste fiber","authors":"Sarkawt H. Karim, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10137","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes two workability tests, compressive strength and tensile strength tests of high strength flowable concrete containing plastic fiber prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles. For the high fluidity mix Vebe time and V-funnel time tests were carried out. Results show that there is a Vebe time increase with PET fiber addition to concrete being increased with increasing fiber volume and fiber length. V-funnel time was found to reduce when up to 0.75% fiber volume is added to concrete, followed by an increase for larger fiber volumes. When fiber length is increase, there is more time increase, but in general, V-funnel time increase was lower than that of Vebe time, indicating a different influence of PET fiber on the compatibility and flowability. The measured V-funnel time for all mixes was found to conform to the limits of European specifications on the flowability of self compacting concrete. Small descending in compressive strength was recorded for RPET fiber reinforced concrete that reached 15.74 % for 1.5 percent fiber content with 10 mm fiber length. Attractive results was recorded in split tensile strength of RPET fibrous samples which resulted in improvement up to 63.3 % for 1.5 percent of 40 mm fiber length content.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114576547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a method of calculating of asymmetrical modes of operation of electrical installations where simple and adequate loads equivalent circuits are available with working electrical equipment. So the mathematical model of equation system is derived as universal way for calculating the systems operating modes when it is subjected to a disturbance due to asymmetry. With the help of the obtained model we can calculate different cases of symmetry disturbances, all types of short circuits, between phase short circuits, any type of longitudinal asymmetry, open circuits when there is a resistance for the fault current at the place of damage In the given method, specific types of asymmetry are considered as particular cases and easily calculated from the generalized formula, which is essentially reduces the calculation and allows us to consider cases of asymmetry of any complexity. Therefore this method is offered as a basic for calculation of asymmetry when the system is subjected to a disturbance.
{"title":"Development of the methods of calculation of the electrical installations working operation in case of quality supply disturbance","authors":"I. Saeed, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10138","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method of calculating of asymmetrical modes of operation of electrical installations where simple and adequate loads equivalent circuits are available with working electrical equipment. So the mathematical model of equation system is derived as universal way for calculating the systems operating modes when it is subjected to a disturbance due to asymmetry. With the help of the obtained model we can calculate different cases of symmetry disturbances, all types of short circuits, between phase short circuits, any type of longitudinal asymmetry, open circuits when there is a resistance for the fault current at the place of damage In the given method, specific types of asymmetry are considered as particular cases and easily calculated from the generalized formula, which is essentially reduces the calculation and allows us to consider cases of asymmetry of any complexity. Therefore this method is offered as a basic for calculation of asymmetry when the system is subjected to a disturbance.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114298893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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