Deployment of cellular system with frequency reuse of one is critical to support increased data traffic and high data rate applications in 4G and beyond radio interface technologies. Such deployment leads to substantial increase in Inter-Cell Interference (ICI). Therefore, this paper investigates and evaluates the capacity performance of mobile cellular system with a frequency reuse of one and three-sector per Base Station (BS). The communication channel between the BSs and user equipment links is modeled using ITU-R channel model. The study considers different carrier frequencies and different cell ranges. The system performance is assessed in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and ergodic capacity. The SNR and ergodic capacity improve significantly as the cell range and carrier frequency decreases for ICI free scenario. However, for ICI scenario, there are slight variation in the performance when changing the cell range and the carrier frequency. The study recommends a cell size of 800 m.
{"title":"Impact of Inter Cell Interference on the Performance of Homogenous Cellular Systems","authors":"Shanga Mohammed, A. Ameen","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10159","url":null,"abstract":"Deployment of cellular system with frequency reuse of one is critical to support increased data traffic and high data rate applications in 4G and beyond radio interface technologies. Such deployment leads to substantial increase in Inter-Cell Interference (ICI). Therefore, this paper investigates and evaluates the capacity performance of mobile cellular system with a frequency reuse of one and three-sector per Base Station (BS). The communication channel between the BSs and user equipment links is modeled using ITU-R channel model. The study considers different carrier frequencies and different cell ranges. The system performance is assessed in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and ergodic capacity. The SNR and ergodic capacity improve significantly as the cell range and carrier frequency decreases for ICI free scenario. However, for ICI scenario, there are slight variation in the performance when changing the cell range and the carrier frequency. The study recommends a cell size of 800 m.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130704243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulaymaniyah city has no wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the sewage is discharged into a stream (Qilyasan Stream) without treatment. Wastewater disposal problem has been a major concern in many developing countries because of the high rate of population growth. The aim of this study is to find the best location for a wastewater treatment plant in Sulaymaniyah city. The city consists of three major areas which are; Sulaymaniyah Central, Bakrajo, Rapareen, and Tasluja. Linear combination Mulita Criteria Decision Model (MCDM) is applied using GIS integrated with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). In the GIS model nine suitable criteria are used; distance to the agricultural areas, distance to the wells, distance to the sewer outlets, distance to the main roads, the area slope, the area elevation, distance to the water body, depth to the groundwater table and distance to the industrial area. Moreover, two restricted layers are considered; the distance from the residential areas and the distance from other buildings such as; educational buildings, sports centers, commercial areas, and the airport. The buffer distance of the restricted distances is taken 1,220 m. FAHP is used to find the weights of the suitable criteria that applied in the linear combination equation. The result showed five final suitable classifications; not suitable, low suitable, moderately suitable, highly suitable, and extremely suitable.
{"title":"Geospatial Analysis Model for Locating Optimum Centralized Wastewater Treatment Plant for Sulaimania City","authors":"Shakhawan Majed, Z. Ghafour","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10156","url":null,"abstract":"Sulaymaniyah city has no wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the sewage is discharged into a stream (Qilyasan Stream) without treatment. Wastewater disposal problem has been a major concern in many developing countries because of the high rate of population growth. The aim of this study is to find the best location for a wastewater treatment plant in Sulaymaniyah city. The city consists of three major areas which are; Sulaymaniyah Central, Bakrajo, Rapareen, and Tasluja. Linear combination Mulita Criteria Decision Model (MCDM) is applied using GIS integrated with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). In the GIS model nine suitable criteria are used; distance to the agricultural areas, distance to the wells, distance to the sewer outlets, distance to the main roads, the area slope, the area elevation, distance to the water body, depth to the groundwater table and distance to the industrial area. Moreover, two restricted layers are considered; the distance from the residential areas and the distance from other buildings such as; educational buildings, sports centers, commercial areas, and the airport. The buffer distance of the restricted distances is taken 1,220 m. FAHP is used to find the weights of the suitable criteria that applied in the linear combination equation. The result showed five final suitable classifications; not suitable, low suitable, moderately suitable, highly suitable, and extremely suitable.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134068461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human interest in building design has become general, including the design of artificial lighting for building facades. Therefore, in the priorities of many owners and designers. Commercial buildings are always looking for different means that contribute to improving the process of displaying products and providing the right environment to attract customers. This paper investigates the role of artificial lighting in architectural aspects. So, the objectives of the research are to evaluate the properties of artificial lighting, and its role in the formation of the building facade elements during the night, in order to make the building successful in terms of form and function (reviving architecture at night). The research problem arises in the lack of interest in applying the role of artificial lighting properties such as (intensity, beam angle, and color) in studying the dynamic state of the commercial building facade elements (line, shape, and texture). A hypothesis should be formed: If the characteristics of artificial lighting are adjusted, it will have an effect on achieving the dynamic state of the elements of the commercial building facade. The results determined the role and effects of artificial lighting properties on the dynamic situation, such as the elements forming the facades of commercial buildings during the night period.
{"title":"The Role of Artificial Lighting in Achieving Dynamism in Commercial Building","authors":"Hersh Jaza, H. Rasul","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10155","url":null,"abstract":"Human interest in building design has become general, including the design of artificial lighting for building facades. Therefore, in the priorities of many owners and designers. Commercial buildings are always looking for different means that contribute to improving the process of displaying products and providing the right environment to attract customers. This paper investigates the role of artificial lighting in architectural aspects. So, the objectives of the research are to evaluate the properties of artificial lighting, and its role in the formation of the building facade elements during the night, in order to make the building successful in terms of form and function (reviving architecture at night). The research problem arises in the lack of interest in applying the role of artificial lighting properties such as (intensity, beam angle, and color) in studying the dynamic state of the commercial building facade elements (line, shape, and texture). A hypothesis should be formed: If the characteristics of artificial lighting are adjusted, it will have an effect on achieving the dynamic state of the elements of the commercial building facade. The results determined the role and effects of artificial lighting properties on the dynamic situation, such as the elements forming the facades of commercial buildings during the night period.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ahmed, Dalya F. Ibrahim, Rozhno Mustafa, Rabar H. Faraj
Nanotechnology can be regarded as one of the new research fields having novelty and important applications that recently gained attention, especially during the last twenty years. The implementation of nanotechnology produces materials with novel characteristics and recently many works were conducted to include nanoparticles (NPs) in cement-based materials to improve performance and manufacture concrete with better behavior under different mechanical and environmental conditions. Previous studies demonstrated that different waste ashes such as, fly ash, cement kiln dust, palm oil fuel ash, eggshell ash, Metakaolin, and waste ceramic ash can be efficiently converted to sustainable nano ashes. The chemical and physical properties of the produced nano ashes were significantly different from their parent ashes. Therefore, the concrete produced with these nano ashes had superior properties compared to the normal concrete made with traditional waste ashes. This paper presents a systematic overview of the synthesis and characterization of different nano ashes and their impacts on the performance of concrete mixtures. Based on the results from the comprehensive review, it was illustrated that the specific surface to volume ratio was considerably increased by converting the ashes to nano ashes, thus the properties of concrete were also improved. Moreover, due to the higher specific surface area of nano ashes and their reaction with undesirable C-H which is present in the cement paste matrix to produce additional C-S-H, the microstructure of concrete was considerably enhanced.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Nano ashes from different waste materials and their effects on the compressive strength of sustainable concrete: A systematic review","authors":"H. Ahmed, Dalya F. Ibrahim, Rozhno Mustafa, Rabar H. Faraj","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10153","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology can be regarded as one of the new research fields having novelty and important applications that recently gained attention, especially during the last twenty years. The implementation of nanotechnology produces materials with novel characteristics and recently many works were conducted to include nanoparticles (NPs) in cement-based materials to improve performance and manufacture concrete with better behavior under different mechanical and environmental conditions. Previous studies demonstrated that different waste ashes such as, fly ash, cement kiln dust, palm oil fuel ash, eggshell ash, Metakaolin, and waste ceramic ash can be efficiently converted to sustainable nano ashes. The chemical and physical properties of the produced nano ashes were significantly different from their parent ashes. Therefore, the concrete produced with these nano ashes had superior properties compared to the normal concrete made with traditional waste ashes. This paper presents a systematic overview of the synthesis and characterization of different nano ashes and their impacts on the performance of concrete mixtures. Based on the results from the comprehensive review, it was illustrated that the specific surface to volume ratio was considerably increased by converting the ashes to nano ashes, thus the properties of concrete were also improved. Moreover, due to the higher specific surface area of nano ashes and their reaction with undesirable C-H which is present in the cement paste matrix to produce additional C-S-H, the microstructure of concrete was considerably enhanced.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128765820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The requirement of using DC motor for driven water pump has gained more attention in the irrigation system due to high performance and wide range of speed control of DC motor and difficult improvement in physical behavior of water pump system. This paper studies on modeling and practical implementation of a separately excited DC motor (SEDCM) driven water pump system. The pump capacity and charge flow has been increased by manipulating shaft speed of the SEDCM using field weakening control. The mathematical model is derived for electro mechanical equations of motor as well as the pump equations. Three different tests have been carried out to prove the simulated model performances and validate the system response. For each particular test, the speed and armature current of the motor has been measured as well as the flow rate at constant pump head. Performance of the model has been compared with the practical implementation and they’re matched well.
{"title":"Modeling and Practical Implementation of Separately Excited DC Motor Water Pump System","authors":"Rawaz Karim, A. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10160","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement of using DC motor for driven water pump has gained more attention in the irrigation system due to high performance and wide range of speed control of DC motor and difficult improvement in physical behavior of water pump system. This paper studies on modeling and practical implementation of a separately excited DC motor (SEDCM) driven water pump system. The pump capacity and charge flow has been increased by manipulating shaft speed of the SEDCM using field weakening control. The mathematical model is derived for electro mechanical equations of motor as well as the pump equations. Three different tests have been carried out to prove the simulated model performances and validate the system response. For each particular test, the speed and armature current of the motor has been measured as well as the flow rate at constant pump head. Performance of the model has been compared with the practical implementation and they’re matched well.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134242556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concrete material softening response curve is essential for accurate numerical analysis of concrete. The tensile strength, initial fracture energy, and total fracture energy are the three parameters of interest in defining such softening response. Among them, the fracture energy is usually regarded in any analytical program that attempts to model reinforced concrete (RC) structures' behavior. The brittleness and fracture characteristics of lightweight concrete (LWC) produced from 19 mm maximum size natural pumice stone aggregate were investigated via testing notched beam specimens under three-point bending test. Fracture parameters were analyzed and explained using the size effect method (SEM) and the work of fracture method (WFM), and the results were compared to those found in the published literature. The results show mean total fracture energy (GF) of 145.65 N/m and a mean characteristic length (Lch) of 590.34 mm. Later, by correlating the result obtained via this method to the SEM approach, the initial fracture energy (Gf) was determined with a mean value of 58.26 N/m and the fracture toughness (KIC) was found to be 38.47 MPa.mm 0.5. Lightweight concrete was found to be more ductile and need more energy to propagate fracture across the specimen, as shown by a comparison of current data to that acquired from literature.
{"title":"Evaluation of Fracture Mechanics Parameters of Light-weight Concrete by Implementing Natural Pumice Stone as Coarse Aggregate","authors":"Azhar Nimat, A. Mohammed, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10162","url":null,"abstract":"The concrete material softening response curve is essential for accurate numerical analysis of concrete. The tensile strength, initial fracture energy, and total fracture energy are the three parameters of interest in defining such softening response. Among them, the fracture energy is usually regarded in any analytical program that attempts to model reinforced concrete (RC) structures' behavior. The brittleness and fracture characteristics of lightweight concrete (LWC) produced from 19 mm maximum size natural pumice stone aggregate were investigated via testing notched beam specimens under three-point bending test. Fracture parameters were analyzed and explained using the size effect method (SEM) and the work of fracture method (WFM), and the results were compared to those found in the published literature. The results show mean total fracture energy (GF) of 145.65 N/m and a mean characteristic length (Lch) of 590.34 mm. Later, by correlating the result obtained via this method to the SEM approach, the initial fracture energy (Gf) was determined with a mean value of 58.26 N/m and the fracture toughness (KIC) was found to be 38.47 MPa.mm 0.5. Lightweight concrete was found to be more ductile and need more energy to propagate fracture across the specimen, as shown by a comparison of current data to that acquired from literature.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125597188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To increase the capacity load carrying of the beams, post tensioned metal straps are fully wrapped around the beams in their tensile zone in this study. In total four normal R.C beams with the depth of 160 mm, height of 240 mm and total length of 2100 mm are cast and tested under four-point load testing. The number of variables is kept to minimum of two which are the number and location of the straps. It is found that using post tensioned metal straps fully wrapped around the beams can increase the load-carrying capacity of the beams by 36% at least and 39% at a max. The main factor in influencing the rate is the location of the straps. A complete guide on using the material along with its application on the beams are explicitly described in the paper.
{"title":"Experimental Work on Using Fully Wrapped Post-Tensioned Metal Straps Around Normal Steel Reinforced Beams to Increase Flexural Strength of R.C Beams","authors":"Wrya Abdullah, Avesta Omer, S. Rafiq","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10147","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the capacity load carrying of the beams, post tensioned metal straps are fully wrapped around the beams in their tensile zone in this study. In total four normal R.C beams with the depth of 160 mm, height of 240 mm and total length of 2100 mm are cast and tested under four-point load testing. The number of variables is kept to minimum of two which are the number and location of the straps. It is found that using post tensioned metal straps fully wrapped around the beams can increase the load-carrying capacity of the beams by 36% at least and 39% at a max. The main factor in influencing the rate is the location of the straps. A complete guide on using the material along with its application on the beams are explicitly described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete containing polypropylene fiber (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste fiber and a combination between them were experimentally investigated. For this reason, laboratory experiments were performed on a total of 40 mixes. Results show that compressive strength property of concrete reinforced with PET waste fiber is not comparable to that of concrete reinforced with PP fiber, in which there is a compressive strength reduction, and the effect of PET fiber length on the strength is not important. Behavior of concrete contained PET waste fiber in flexure was found better. There is a good opportunity to use a hybrid fiber (25% PET and 75% PP) to enhance flexural strength of concrete.
{"title":"Mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with hybrid polypropylene- PET waste fibers","authors":"Sary Hussein, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10144","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete containing polypropylene fiber (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste fiber and a combination between them were experimentally investigated. For this reason, laboratory experiments were performed on a total of 40 mixes. Results show that compressive strength property of concrete reinforced with PET waste fiber is not comparable to that of concrete reinforced with PP fiber, in which there is a compressive strength reduction, and the effect of PET fiber length on the strength is not important. Behavior of concrete contained PET waste fiber in flexure was found better. There is a good opportunity to use a hybrid fiber (25% PET and 75% PP) to enhance flexural strength of concrete.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126935815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper different fire detection systems and techniques has been reviewed, many techniques have been developed for the purpose of early fire detection in different scenarios. The most accurate technique used among all these methods is Image Processing based Techniques. Different color models like RGB, HSI, CIE L*a*b and YCbCr have been used along with different edge detection algorithms like Sobel and Novel edge detection, finally the color segmentation technique was discussed in the review paper. All the mentioned methods in these papers have significantly proved to detect fire and flame edges in digital images with a timely manner, which has a huge impact on saving life and reducing loss of life.
{"title":"Image Processing Techniques-based fire detection","authors":"Awadallah M. Ahmed, O. Sharif","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10145","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper different fire detection systems and techniques has been reviewed, many techniques have been developed for the purpose of early fire detection in different scenarios. The most accurate technique used among all these methods is Image Processing based Techniques. Different color models like RGB, HSI, CIE L*a*b and YCbCr have been used along with different edge detection algorithms like Sobel and Novel edge detection, finally the color segmentation technique was discussed in the review paper. All the mentioned methods in these papers have significantly proved to detect fire and flame edges in digital images with a timely manner, which has a huge impact on saving life and reducing loss of life.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126194634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of different types of waste materials on the mechanical properties of normal strength concrete was investigated. Three types of waste material crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and crushed brick with different percentage up to 15% ( by weight of coarse aggregate) were used. The effect of waste material on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and static elastic modulus of hardened concrete for 28 days of curing with constant w/c= 0.45 were studied. The maximum loss in concrete compressive strength was recorded to be 54.95%, 50.31%, and 20.41% for concrete mix with 15% crumbed rubber and plastic aggregate and 5% crushed brick particles. Maximum reduction in splitting tensile strength noticed to be 65%, 43.15%, and 13.59% for 15% replacement of crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and crushed brick respectively. The maximum loss in static elastic modulus was found to be 48.29%, 27.14, and 11.23% for concrete mix with 15% crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and 5% crushed brick. From test results it is concluded that up to 15% waste material can be safely used to produce this type of recycled concrete.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Normal Strength Concrete Containing Different Types of Waste Material as Coarse Aggregate Replacement","authors":"P. Aziz, M. Abdulkadir","doi":"10.17656/SJES.10141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/SJES.10141","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of different types of waste materials on the mechanical properties of normal strength concrete was investigated. Three types of waste material crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and crushed brick with different percentage up to 15% ( by weight of coarse aggregate) were used. The effect of waste material on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and static elastic modulus of hardened concrete for 28 days of curing with constant w/c= 0.45 were studied. The maximum loss in concrete compressive strength was recorded to be 54.95%, 50.31%, and 20.41% for concrete mix with 15% crumbed rubber and plastic aggregate and 5% crushed brick particles. Maximum reduction in splitting tensile strength noticed to be 65%, 43.15%, and 13.59% for 15% replacement of crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and crushed brick respectively. The maximum loss in static elastic modulus was found to be 48.29%, 27.14, and 11.23% for concrete mix with 15% crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and 5% crushed brick. From test results it is concluded that up to 15% waste material can be safely used to produce this type of recycled concrete.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125746565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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