During quick developing and increasing the requirement of the human life, with the progressing civilization in history, glass instruments (different types, sizes, shapes, and equipment) were one of the helpful parameters in human life. With increasing population and developing equipment, increase the production of glass in the world and recycling of waste glass become one of the main subjected by researchers to develop a quick and economic way to reuse waste glass especially color glass. This article includes a review of previous work for using a different type of waste glass (cathode ray tube, heavy glass, food, medical glass, door and window's glass, spent fluorescent glass, color and un-color glass) as a replacement to fine aggregate in mortar and showing its effect on the fresh and mechanical properties of mortar. The results show that, based on the chemical composition and grinding of particles had a different effect on the early and mechanical properties. The optimum percentage range of using waste glass which can provide property near to control mix vary between 20-30%. The effect of glass granular on fresh and mechanical properties of the mortar is dependent on the particle grading and its chemical composition in which, when 25% of waste glass from brawn bottle used in mortar increase 10% in compressive strength and decrease flexural strength by 6% while using 25% of heavy weight waste glass decrease 10% of compressive strength and 9% of flexural strength of the mortar.
{"title":"Evaluating the effect of waste glass on the fresh and mechanical properties of mortar: A review","authors":"S. Ahmad, S. Rafiq","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10151","url":null,"abstract":"During quick developing and increasing the requirement of the human life, with the progressing civilization in history, glass instruments (different types, sizes, shapes, and equipment) were one of the helpful parameters in human life. With increasing population and developing equipment, increase the production of glass in the world and recycling of waste glass become one of the main subjected by researchers to develop a quick and economic way to reuse waste glass especially color glass. This article includes a review of previous work for using a different type of waste glass (cathode ray tube, heavy glass, food, medical glass, door and window's glass, spent fluorescent glass, color and un-color glass) as a replacement to fine aggregate in mortar and showing its effect on the fresh and mechanical properties of mortar. The results show that, based on the chemical composition and grinding of particles had a different effect on the early and mechanical properties. The optimum percentage range of using waste glass which can provide property near to control mix vary between 20-30%. The effect of glass granular on fresh and mechanical properties of the mortar is dependent on the particle grading and its chemical composition in which, when 25% of waste glass from brawn bottle used in mortar increase 10% in compressive strength and decrease flexural strength by 6% while using 25% of heavy weight waste glass decrease 10% of compressive strength and 9% of flexural strength of the mortar.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114648602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The addition is one of the important concepts that accompanied the history of human civilizations since ancient times. It represents a civilized product that embodies human cognition as well as social and utilitarian demands throughout history. Designing for the historic context inherently brings challenges and necessitates a comprehensive understanding and sympathetic analysis of all aspects of the existing structure or buildings. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of heritage structures, as well as conservation philosophy, may help guide interventions or new additions. Will result in the most efficient adaptation process, preserving the original characteristics while developing the new structure. The aim of this study is to determine the compatibility of the new addition's architectural expression in relation to the characteristics of a heritage building. This technique is based on architectural and statistical analysis, which considers the heritage character of a historical structure in relation to its values. According to the results, the nature of additions should first be clearly characterized, and each new addition should reflect the identification of its own time. Rather of changing the scale or shape of the old structure, a new addition should complement and contribute to the feeling of proportion, emotion, and historical formation.
{"title":"The Impact of Exterior Additions on Cohesive Design Relationships: Heritage Buildings of Sulaimani City as a Case Study","authors":"Yousor Fakhri, Raz S. Faraj","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10152","url":null,"abstract":"The addition is one of the important concepts that accompanied the history of human civilizations since ancient times. It represents a civilized product that embodies human cognition as well as social and utilitarian demands throughout history. Designing for the historic context inherently brings challenges and necessitates a comprehensive understanding and sympathetic analysis of all aspects of the existing structure or buildings. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of heritage structures, as well as conservation philosophy, may help guide interventions or new additions. Will result in the most efficient adaptation process, preserving the original characteristics while developing the new structure. The aim of this study is to determine the compatibility of the new addition's architectural expression in relation to the characteristics of a heritage building. This technique is based on architectural and statistical analysis, which considers the heritage character of a historical structure in relation to its values. According to the results, the nature of additions should first be clearly characterized, and each new addition should reflect the identification of its own time. Rather of changing the scale or shape of the old structure, a new addition should complement and contribute to the feeling of proportion, emotion, and historical formation.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114171775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to numerically trace the behavior of concrete deep beams reinforced with internal Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars and containing no web reinforcement by using ANSYS program. For this purpose, a finite element model is used for concrete deep beams that previously examined in an experimental study and its predicted failure loads were compared with the actual failure loads. The results of the finite element model were in a good agreement with observations from the experimental study. The comparisons showed that the used model has the ability to capture the shear behavior, as well as load-deflection response and crack patterns of deep beams reinforced with internal GFRP bars in the entire range of loading. The paper is also covered a parametric study on shear span-to-depth (a/d) ratio, GFRP reinforcement ratio and concrete compressive strength which they usually have high impacts on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete beams. The results of the parametric study showed that the ultimate failure load of beams reinforced with GFRP bars was higher than that of steel-reinforced concrete beams. The maximum failure load was observed to decrease by decreasing the a/d ratio. The stiffness and ductility of the beams were increasing by increasing the reinforcement ratio.
{"title":"Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Shear Behavior of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Internal Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars by ANSYS","authors":"Shuaaib A. Mohammed, S. Rafiq, Zana Aziz","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10149","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to numerically trace the behavior of concrete deep beams reinforced with internal Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars and containing no web reinforcement by using ANSYS program. For this purpose, a finite element model is used for concrete deep beams that previously examined in an experimental study and its predicted failure loads were compared with the actual failure loads. The results of the finite element model were in a good agreement with observations from the experimental study. The comparisons showed that the used model has the ability to capture the shear behavior, as well as load-deflection response and crack patterns of deep beams reinforced with internal GFRP bars in the entire range of loading. The paper is also covered a parametric study on shear span-to-depth (a/d) ratio, GFRP reinforcement ratio and concrete compressive strength which they usually have high impacts on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete beams. The results of the parametric study showed that the ultimate failure load of beams reinforced with GFRP bars was higher than that of steel-reinforced concrete beams. The maximum failure load was observed to decrease by decreasing the a/d ratio. The stiffness and ductility of the beams were increasing by increasing the reinforcement ratio.","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127130448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Natural Lighting on Fostering Sustainable Behavior in Educational Buildings - Mosul University Buildings of as a case study","authors":"Nahedh Taha Al-Qemaqchi, Madyan Maher Rashan","doi":"10.17656/sjes.10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307862,"journal":{"name":"Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128603496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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