EnergyChem最新文献

Pore space partition (PSP) concept is a synthetic design concept and can also serve as a structure analysis method useful for next-step synthetic planning and execution. PSP provides an integrated chemistry-topology-focused tool to design new materials platforms. While PSP is no less effective for making large-pore materials, the growing importance of small-molecule gas storage and separation for green-energy applications provides impetus for developing small-pore materials for which the PSP strategy is uniquely suited. Currently, the best embodiment of the PSP concept is the partitioned-acs (pacs) platform in which both fine or coarse adjustments to the building blocks have sparked a transformation of a prototype framework into a huge and continuously expanding family of chemically robust materials with controllable pore metrics and functionalities suitable for tailored applications. The pacs compositional diversity results from the platform's intrinsic multi-module nature, geometric flexibility and tolerance towards individual module variations, and mutual structure-directing effects among various modules, all of which combine to enable the molecular-level uniform co-assemblies of chemical components rarely seen together elsewhere. In this contribution, we present an overview of different pore space engineering methods and how different MOF materials have contributed to important advances in chemical stability, industrial gas storage and gas separation. In particular, we will focus on synthetic assembly of the pacs system, highlighting the differences of pacs materials from other MOF platforms and advantages of pacs materials in enhancing various MOF properties.

Membrane separation technology is of great research interest in industry owing to its unparalleled merits such as high selectivity with unsuppressed permeability, reduced carbon footprint, small capital investment, and low energy consumption in comparison to traditional separation techniques. In the last few decades, polyamide membranes dominate the membrane industry until the porous organic polymers (POPs) get a ticket into the area of membrane separation. POPs bearing rich pore architectures and feasible functionalization are ready for fabricating novel membranes for rapid and precise molecular sieving. Here, a background overview of separation technology is provided, followed by a brief introduction of various POP-based membranes and the fabrication approaches of these membranes. Then, recent advancements of POP-bases membranes in energy-saving applications including gas separation and liquid separation are highlighted together with discussions about membrane design and generation involved. Finally, a concise conclusion with our perspective and challenges remaining for the future development of POP-based membranes are outlined.

Photocatalysis has been widely studied because it can use inexhaustible solar energy as an energy source while solving the problems of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution facing the 21st century. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with many advantages such as high physical/chemical stability, tunable bandgap, structural diversity, large specific surface area, etc., are considered important propellants for building better photocatalytic platforms and achieving breakthroughs. This review outlines the applications of MOFs and COFs for photocatalysis in CO₂ reduction, H₂ generation, and environmental pollution treatment, and elucidates the relevant photocatalytic mechanisms. In particular, the methods and mechanisms for improving the photocatalytic performance of MOFs and COFs are summarized and discussed from the three aspects. Finally, the current limitations, challenges, perspectives and future development opportunities of COFs/MOFs and COF-/MOF-based photocatalysts are summarized and prospected.

The development of future energy devices that exhibit high safety, sustainability, and high energy densities to replace the currently dominant lithium-ion batteries has gained significant attention in recent years. Although the various energy devices available have different technological requirements, electrolyte formulation still remains a fundamental element of these state-of-the-art systems. Among the trending electrolyte contenders, ionic liquids, which are entirely comprised of cations and anions, provide a combination of several unique physicochemical and electrochemical properties, and exceptional safety. In this review, the fundamental properties of IL, their progress and milestones, and the directions for their future development and applications in next-generation energy devices are summarized. Each section will comprehensively review the latest progress and technology trends utilizing IL electrolytes focusing on Li-, Na-, K-ion batteries, metal anode batteries, sulfur and oxygen batteries, multivalent metal-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, with early studies mentioned where relevant. The benefits of using ionic liquid electrolytes on each system and pertinent improvements in performance are delineated in comparison to systems utilizing conventional electrolytes. Finally, prospects and challenges associated with the applications of ionic liquid electrolytes to future energy devices are also discussed.

Carbon-based materials are widely studied for their unique advantages in electrocatalysis. Despite significant progress, the precise interface construction and mechanism exploration of carbon-based materials in the field of electrocatalysis is still in the early stages. Recently, our group and other peers demonstrated that by introducing heterogeneous components into carbon-based materials, and the forming of specific interfaces will serve as active sites or major reaction sites for electrochemical reactions (OER, HER, ORR, CO₂RR, NRR, etc.). Modulating the catalyst interface environment and chemical adsorption behavior through interface engineering is an effective strategy to improve the catalytic activity. This review summarizes the latest progress in the field of carbon-based electrocatalyst in a timely and comprehensive manner, including the classification of carbon-based materials and the interface problems involved, as well as the preparation methods of carbon-based materials in recent years. The interface engineering strategies of carbon-based materials, the structure-activity relationship between interface structure and performance, as well as the potential applications of carbon-based materials in heterogeneous catalytic reactions and energy conversion are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the current challenges and identify the opportunities facing this emerging sector.

The ever-growing market for electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage is boosting the development of high energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are not only nonflammable to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of liquid electrolytes, but also mechanically strong enough to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites, whose development could greatly promote the safety and performance of LMBs. Crystalline porous materials (CPMs) with high surface area, adjustable pores, ordered channels, and versatile functionality have not only provided a promising structural platform for designing fast ionic conducting materials, but also offered great opportunities for manipulating their physicochemical and electrochemical properties, which have shown great potential to fabricate high-performance SSEs and have become an emerging research direction in recent years. In this review, the latest progress of CPMs-based SSEs for LMBs, including pristine CPMs and CPMs-based composites, is systematically summarized. By discussing the pioneer work, both merits and issues arising from CPMs are emphasized as well as an outlook for the development of CPMs-based SSEs with high-performance and reliable safety are presented.

Benefiting from high thermal storage density, wide temperature regulation range, operational simplicity, and economic feasibility, latent heat-based thermal energy storage (TES) is comparatively accepted as a cutting-edge TES concept, especially solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs). However, liquid phase leakage, low thermal/electrical conductivities, weak photoabsorption capacity, and intrinsic rigidity of pristine PCMs are long-standing bottlenecks in both industrial and domestic application scenarios. Towards these goals, emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials containing regions of empty nanospace are ideal alternatives to efficiently encapsulate PCMs molecules and rationalize physical phase transformation, especially graphene, MXene and BN. Herein, we provide a timely and comprehensive review highlighting versatile roles of 2D materials in composite PCMs and relationships between their architectures and thermophysical properties. In addition, we provide an in-depth understanding of the energy conversion mechanisms and rationalize routes to high-efficiency energy conversion PCMs. Finally, we also introduced critical considerations on the challenges and opportunities in the development of advanced high-performance and multifunctional 2D material-based composite PCMs, hoping to provide constructive references and facilitate their significant breakthroughs in both fundamental researches and commercial applications.

Water electrolysis has aroused extensive research efforts due to its potential applications of sewage disposal, microorganism treatment and direct electrolysis for large-scale hydrogen production. At this background, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have raised lots of attention, because their physical properties are similar to those of metallic elements and TMNs have unique electron orbital structures. The inner nitrogens can increase the electron density of d-bands of transition metals, so that the electronic structures of TMNs are similar with some precious metals, whose density of states can cross the Fermi level. Therefore, TMNs have similar conductivities with metals and possess superior electrocatalytic performance. Nanostructured TMNs tend to have relatively large dispersion and more exposed active sites, which have direct improvement for catalytic activity and stability as electrochemical catalysts. This review summarizes the representative progress of TMNs based catalysts on both synthetic strategies of structural engineering and electronic engineering for improving electrocatalytic performance, especially in hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution and water splitting. Finally, we further propose the future challenges and research directions of nanostructured TMNs in the electrochemical energy fields of efficient preparations and performance enhancements.

Dealloying, which is traditionally originated in the research of alloy corrosion, has recently been developed as a robust and generic method for fabricating functional 3D nanoporous materials. Endorsed by the unique 3D bicontinuous porous structure, they exhibit remarkable properties such as large surface area, high conductivity, efficient mass transport, and high catalytic activity, which render them as advanced nanomaterials with enormous potential for a variety of applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of dealloying and dealloyed nanoporous materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Beginning with an overview of the modern understanding of dealloying mechanisms, the unique structural and physical properties of dealloyed nanoporous materials are introduced. Then, we discuss the established dealloying techniques and how they enable the versatile fabrication of a diverse variety of nanoporous materials, ranging from unary metals and alloys to the latest high-entropy alloys and two-dimensional materials. Following that, the electrochemical applications of dealloyed nanoporous materials for fuel cells, supercapacitors, metal-ion batteries, alkali metal batteries, non-aqueous metal-oxygen batteries, electrochemical CO₂ reduction, and electrocatalytic N₂ reduction are highlighted. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges in this field and offer perspectives on potential directions for future research.