EnergyChem最新文献

{"title":"Functional additives for proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Weihao Liu ,&nbsp;Dandan Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Wan ,&nbsp;Jianglan Shui","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2025.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2025.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical energy conversion system with remarkable efficiency and eco-friendly operation. It holds immense promise and application potential in facilitating the transition towards sustainable energy solutions. Nevertheless, the widespread commercial adoption of PEMFCs is hindered by the immaturity of individual components within the system. Chief among these obstacles are the high cost and inadequate activity of the cathode catalyst, limited proton conductivity of the PEM, and fuel starvation issues at the anode. Furthermore, concerns regarding the mass transport limitation and the degradation of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) during practical operation collectively impede performance optimization and lifetime extension. Despite the advancements in delicate catalyst design, the complex synthesis processes coupled with trial-and-error methodologies complicate scalability for large-scale applications. In response to these multifaceted challenges, incorporating functional additives (FAs) has emerged as a promising and versatile strategy. These smart additives, with diverse and unique functions, have rapidly gained traction and are being applied across nearly all components of the MEA. However, research efforts to utilize FAs to achieve high-performance and durable PEMFCs are not comprehensively documented, particularly concerning the underlying operational mechanisms. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by consolidating current understanding, providing a detailed analysis of the diverse mechanisms at play, and highlighting both the merits and limitations associated with the FA strategy. We aspire to offer valuable insights into this emerging field and contribute to the innovation of next-generation functional additives tailored for advanced PEMFC systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"7 2","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143207228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance optimization by antioxidant strategies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Recent progress and future","authors":"Xianghui Yu ,&nbsp;Shuxing Bai ,&nbsp;Qinzhu Li ,&nbsp;Ziyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Qi Sun ,&nbsp;Shuang Cao ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Cui ,&nbsp;Mingxu Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Xu ,&nbsp;Chun-Chao Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have become a potential replacement for traditional energy sources because of their minimal environmental impact and superior efficiency, their vulnerability to degradation caused by in situ generated peroxide and oxygen radical species has seriously hindered their widespread application. To mitigate the negative effects of chemical attack on components of PEMFCs, especially on proton exchange membranes (PEMs), there has been significant efforts devoted in employing antioxidant strategies as the preferred solution, which can directly eliminate and remove harmful peroxide and oxygen radical species. However, due to the rigorous operating conditions, such as low pH, electric potential, water flow, and ion exchange/concentration gradient, undesirable degradation occurred for antioxidant additives. Moreover, the diminished activity and capability of antioxidants resulting from alterations in the physical state, such as migration, agglomeration, and dissolution, are also crucial factors to be taken into account. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent advancements in antioxidant therapy in enhancing the durability of PEMs, especially offering a comprehensive overview of advanced techniques for designing synthetic compounds and conducting thorough analyses of antioxidants to enhance activity-stability factors, aiming to inspire further advancements in this exciting field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in two-dimensional metal pnictogenide nanosheets and their nanohybrids with diverse energy applications","authors":"Jihyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Taehoon Kim ,&nbsp;Dong Hoon Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Jin ,&nbsp;Seong-Ju Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional inorganic nanosheets have received prime attention because of their intriguing physicochemical properties and diverse functionalities. The reactivity and properties of inorganic nanosheets are influenced by their bonding characteristics and electronic structures. Consequently, controlling their chemical compositions and crystal structures can enhance the electrochemical and catalytic functionalities of these two-dimensional nanosheets. As an emerging family of inorganic nanosheets, two-dimensional transition metal pnictogenide nanosheets, characterized by highly covalent bonding, have attracted emerging attention owing to their excellent catalyst and electrode performances resulting from their high electrical conductivity, high surface reactivity, and high stability. Additionally, transition metal pnictogenide nanosheets are promising hybridization matrices that enhance various functionalities of hybridized species via the effective formation of interfacial coordinative bonds. This review highlights the exceptional advantages of transition metal pnictogenide nanosheets in developing efficient energy-functional materials, with an in-depth discussion of dominant governing factors for improving their performances. Depending on the synthesis methods and application fields, this review surveys a wide range of two-dimensional transition metal pnictogenide nanosheets and their nanohybrids, along with various characterization tools. Future research directions for designing and synthesizing high-performance metal-pnictogenide-nanosheet-based materials are discussed, providing valuable insights for optimizing their functionalities crucial for many energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchically ordered meso-/macroporous MOF-based materials for catalysis and energy applications","authors":"Anqian Hu ,&nbsp;Qiongyi Xie ,&nbsp;Liyu Chen,&nbsp;Yingwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention due to their tunable structures and ease of functionalization. However, the predominance of micropores in most MOFs limits their effectiveness in diffusion-controlled applications. Recent developments in the construction of hierarchically ordered macro-/mesoporous MOFs, as well as their composites and derivatives, have broadened the application scope of traditional MOF-based materials. These ordered meso-/macropore structures enhance the exposure of active sites and improve mass transfer efficiency, thereby boosting reaction performance. This review discusses recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and catalysis and energy applications of ordered macro-/mesoporous MOF-based materials. Compared to conventional microporous materials, ordered macro-/mesoporous MOF-based materials demonstrate superior performance in applications including photo-, electro-, and thermocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage. The review also explores current challenges and future direction in the development of ordered macro-/mesoporous MOF-based materials, providing valuable insights for creating new materials with greater efficiency and broader applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between electronic behavior of single atom catalysts and CO2 reduction to oxygenates","authors":"Fenghai Cao ,&nbsp;Guangbo Liu ,&nbsp;Xianbiao Wang ,&nbsp;Li Tan ,&nbsp;Noritatsu Tsubaki","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-atom catalysts (SACs), with 100% atomic efficiency and distinctive electronic properties, show excellent catalytic performance for CO₂ reduction to oxygenates. However, the electronic structure of active sites and key intermediates undergo continuous changes during the reaction on SACs. It is challenging to explain these phenomena through structure-activity relationship. Herein, the “electronic behavior” elucidates the dynamic nature of electronic interactions between active sites and key intermediates. In this review, we invesitgate the transformation of the electronic structure within the CO₂ molecule and the active site of SACs during CO₂ activation, elucidating the complex interplay between these two entities. Then, we delve into the electronic change processes involved in thermal, electro-, and photo-catalytic CO₂ conversion, providing in-depth discussions. Additionally, the influence of the catalyst's electronic behavior on the structure-activity relationship is delineated with precision. At last, the challenges and future perspectives of electronic behavior for SACs are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion effects in ammonia synthesis over ruthenium catalysts: A review","authors":"Hsin-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Shih-Yuan Chen ,&nbsp;Yves Ira A. Reyes ,&nbsp;Martin Keller ,&nbsp;Takehisa Mochizuki ,&nbsp;Chien-Neng Liao ,&nbsp;Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haber-Bosch (HB) process for industrial NH₃ synthesis operated at high temperature (500 °C) and pressure conditions (100–300 atm) with iron ore catalysts. Ru-based catalysts promoted by 1A and 2A elements, particularly Ba and Cs, show promise in electrolysis-driven HB operating under intermittent conditions. However, the roles of these promoters, traditionally classified as structural and electronic promoters based on trial-and-error study, remain controversial and lack a comprehensive literature review. This paper systematically examined these promotion effects, integrating conventional knowledge with recent experimental and computational advancements. It highlighted new insights into the composition and intrinsic roles of Ba, Cs, and other 1A/2A elements. The reaction mechanism of thermo-catalyzed NH₃ synthesis, including recent theories on spin promotion effects at active sites, is extensively discussed. This review provides a thorough understanding of promotion effects and guides the rational design of advanced metal catalysts with promoters for industrial NH₃ synthesis and various energy-related processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in the development of self-assembled porphyrin derivatives for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Govardhana Babu Bodedla ,&nbsp;Xunjin Zhu ,&nbsp;Wai-Yeung Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) offers a promising solution to mitigate environmental pollution and address the global energy crisis. Porphyrin derivatives have been extensively explored as photocatalysts for PHE, owing to their efficient light-harvesting ability in the UV–Vis absorption region, stable photoexcited states, reversible redox properties, high photo and chemical stabilities, and tailorable optoelectronic properties via structural engineering. However, the monomeric porphyrin photocatalysts typically exhibit a narrow absorption range in the visible spectrum, susceptibility to light corrosion, and difficulty in loading cocatalysts such as Pt due to limited interface contact area. These issues lead to a low electron transfer efficiency between monomeric porphyrin photocatalyst and cocatalyst and thus inferior PHE performance. In addition, porphyrin photocatalysts in their bulk powder form usually possess uncontrolled morphologies and thus inefficient separation and migration of photoinduced charge carriers, which subsequently lowers the PHE performance. To address these challenges, the development of self-assembled porphyrin derivatives with well-defined sizes and shapes in the solid state presents a promising strategy. Over the past decade, significant advancements have been made in creating porphyrin-based self-assembled materials for efficient PHE. In this review, we summarize the progress in developing porphyrin-based self-assembled materials for PHE, highlighting how the morphology of self-assembled porphyrins affects their light-harvesting abilities, electronic properties, and separation and migration of photoinduced charge carriers, ultimately impacting their PHE performances. We are optimistic that this review will guide the future development of innovative self-assembled porphyrins, enhancing their efficacy for PHE and broadening their applications across various areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass towards low-carbon development: Production of high-value-added bioproducts","authors":"Caiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenli Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueqing Qiu ,&nbsp;Chunbao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The comprehensive and efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is of great significance to humanity due to its low-carbon and sustainable characteristics. Hydrothermal treatment is a low-carbon technology for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass toward diverse value-added bioproducts through the disintegration and conversion of lignocellulosic biomasses. This review first introduces the chemical compositions of lignocellulosic biomasses and the operating principles of hydrothermal treatment. Then, the transformation of the chemical compositions during hydrothermal treatment (&lt;300 °C) is elucidated comprehensively. In addition, the recent advances in the hydrothermal valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil, wood vinegar, briquette fuels, absorbents, carbonaceous electrode materials, and catalysts are introduced and discussed emphatically. The bridge between the hydrothermal treatment and the physicochemical properties and performances of the obtained value-added bioproducts is further built. The precise removal of chemical compositions and the followed directional conversion are the keys affecting the structure and physiochemical properties of the bioproducts. It is difficult to regulate the extraction and decomposition of chemical compositions in one step because of the heterogeneous structure and recalcitrant cross-linking barrier of lignocellulosic biomass. In this regard, a multi-step process is promising undoubtedly, while tailoring the specific application is necessary for industrialization due to the diversity of bioproducts. The future direction of fully efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is proposed for the researches on the multipurpose valorization of high-value-added bioproducts. We believe this review would provide valuable guidance for the exploitation of biomass-derived high-value-added bioproducts through multipurpose production processes, ideally towards the achievement of a low-carbon blueprint.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hole transport materials for scalable p-i-n perovskite solar modules","authors":"Sibo Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Nuanshan Huang ,&nbsp;Sisi He ,&nbsp;Longbin Qiu ,&nbsp;Yabing Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising avenue for sustainable energy production, offering high efficiency at a low cost. However, the commercialization of PSCs is significantly influenced by the characteristics and properties of the perovskite bottom layers. In this review, we explore the implications of the perovskite bottom layers of inverted p-i-n PSCs, specifically the hole transport layer (HTL) and the HTL/perovskite interface, which plays an important role in the commercial viability of PSCs, including the key factors such as scalability, stability, and environmental safety. We examine the scalability challenge, which is essential for moving from lab-scale prototypes to mass production, through layer uniformity and compatibility with broad-scale manufacturing techniques. Stability issues include both the operational lifespan and environmental durability of PSCs, highlighting the significance of the bottom layers in safeguarding against degradation. Furthermore, we venture into environmental safety measures, emphasizing the approaches to curtailing lead leakage via sophisticated HTL and HTL/perovskite interface engineering. Through a holistic evaluation of these pivotal aspects, this review aims to establish a blueprint for forthcoming enhancements in PSC technology, highlighting the imperative of optimizing the HTL and HTL/perovskite interface to navigate commercialization obstacles and fully explore the potential of PSCs in sustainable energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"6 5","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly asymmetrically configured single atoms anchored on flame-roasting deposited carbon black as cathode catalysts for ultrahigh power density Zn-air batteries","authors":"Yu-Chieh Ting ,&nbsp;Chih-Chieh Cheng ,&nbsp;Fan-Yu Yen ,&nbsp;Guan-Ru Li ,&nbsp;Shao-I Chang ,&nbsp;Chih-Heng Lee ,&nbsp;Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen ,&nbsp;Shih-Yuan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron group element-based single atom (SA) catalysts are highly regarded as promising alternatives to commercial Pt/C for catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). For applications in rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs), achieving the necessary high catalytic efficiency of the SAs toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) however remains a significant challenge. Here, highly asymmetrically configured Fe SAs created with N,S co-coordination and anchored on flame-roasting deposited carbon black (CB), Fe-N₃S₁/CB, are developed, achieving outstanding bifunctional oxygen catalytic efficiency, with an ultra-small potential gap of 0.661 V at 10 mA cm^-2 (ΔE₁₀), outperforming the (Pt/C+RuO₂) composite catalyst (0.697 V). With a newly proposed binder-free composite air cathode design, the Fe-N₃S₁/CB based ZAB achieves an ultrahigh power density of 365.7 mW cm^-2 at a current density of 511.3 mA cm^-2, largely outperforming the (Pt/C+RuO₂) based ZAB (225.9 mW cm^-2 at 344.7 mA cm^-2). Furthermore, the Fe-N₃S₁/CB based ZAB demonstrates excellent long-term stability, with only 8.2 % decay in round-trip efficiency over 1000 (333.3 h) charge-discharge cycles at 10 mA cm^-2. Density functional theory calculations elucidate that incorporation of sulfur into the coordination sphere of Fe facilitates the electrochemical dehydroxylation step for ORR and accelerates the electrochemical O₂ desorption step for OER, thereby reducing the corresponding free energy differences on Fe SAs for largely enhanced catalytic efficiency.</div><div>1. A large size hetero-atom element, sulfur, is introduced to create highly asymmetrically configured Fe single atoms for enhancements in catalytic efficiency toward both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, and a binder-free composite air cathode design is proposed to improve electrochemical performances of zinc-air batteries.</div><div>2. An ultra-small potential gap of 0.661 V at 10 mA cm^-2 (ΔE₁₀) is achieved for the air cathode, and an ultrahigh discharge power density of 365.7 mW cm^-2 at a current density of 511.3 mA cm^-2 is acquired for the zinc-air battery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":307,"journal":{"name":"EnergyChem","volume":"6 5","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":22.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}