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Shore Times, Cycles and Rhythms 海岸时代,周期和节奏
Pub Date : 2021-02-02 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2021.13.555855
Francesca Dal Cin
Coastal cities will suffer the increasing effects of the rise in average sea level caused by climate change. The mediating space between the urban agglomeration and the water body, the shore, acts as a barrier and protection for the city’s public space, the seashore street. However, the low and sandy shore, due to erosive phenomena caused by extreme events, is losing mass and exposing the coastal settlement to flooding. In predicting extreme scenarios caused by climate change, knowing the times, cycles and rhythms of the shoreline and the effects of sea level rise is necessary to decode new approaches to urban edge adaptation.
气候变化导致平均海平面上升,沿海城市将受到越来越大的影响。城市群与水体——海岸之间的中介空间,作为城市公共空间——海滨街道的屏障和保护。然而,由于极端事件造成的侵蚀现象,低沙海岸正在失去质量,使沿海定居点暴露于洪水之中。在预测由气候变化引起的极端情景时,了解海岸线的时间、周期和节奏以及海平面上升的影响对于解读适应城市边缘的新方法是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Ecology of Hydrocorals-An Overview of the Relevance of New Conservation Strategies to Counteract Coral Reef Threats 水生珊瑚生态学——新保护策略与对抗珊瑚礁威胁的相关性综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2021.13.555854
Víctor Hugo Hernández Elizárraga
Hydrocorals (Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa, Genus Millepora ) are recognized as the second most important reef-builders. However, despite their ecological and toxicological relevance, very little scientific research has been conducted on these organisms. Overall, the current landscape of reef-building organisms in the Anthropocene result in discouraging due to climate change. Up to date, the scientific community has proposed some strategies to ameliorate the damage induced to marine species by climate change. However, these efforts have been poorly effective and only considered scleractinian corals (Class Anthozoa), while Hydrocorals remain neglected.
水珊瑚(刺胞门,水螅纲,千孔虫属)被认为是第二重要的珊瑚礁建造者。然而,尽管它们具有生态和毒理学意义,但对这些生物的科学研究却很少。总的来说,由于气候变化,目前人类世造礁生物的景观令人沮丧。迄今为止,科学界已经提出了一些改善气候变化对海洋物种损害的策略。然而,这些努力的效果很差,只考虑了硬核珊瑚(珊瑚虫纲),而水珊瑚仍然被忽视。
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引用次数: 0
Sandstone Reefs in Pernambuco Brazil, Macroalgae and Invertebrates Ecology field Considerations 巴西伯南布哥的砂岩礁,大型藻类和无脊椎动物生态学领域的考虑
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2021.13.555853
M. A. Guimaraens
Environmental impacts are causing changes in community structure of different coastal ecosystems. The purpose of this review is to discuss such changes in sandstone reefs intertidal. Pollution and bio invasion are some of the impacts causing reef community changes with the dominance of competitors. Therefore, this shows the need of management strategies to protect reef community diversity and functional structure.
环境影响正在引起不同沿海生态系统群落结构的变化。本文旨在探讨潮间带砂岩礁的这种变化。污染和生物入侵是引起珊瑚礁群落变化的一些影响因素,竞争对手占主导地位。因此,这表明需要采取管理策略来保护珊瑚礁群落多样性和功能结构。
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引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Ketamine as an Anesthetic for Fish (Rainbow Trout – Oncorhynchus mykiss) 氯胺酮对虹鳟麻醉效果的研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-12 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2021.13.555852
M. Ganjoor
Ketamine was evaluated as water-soluble anesthetics drug for a species of fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (size ~20 - ~240 gr.) were exposed to a 100-ppm concentration of Ketamine solution (dissolved in water), they were arranged in 4 treatments based on their weight range (Treatment-1= 22.8±3.4 g; Treatment-2= 51.7±4.4 g; Treatment-3= 69.8±5.2 g and Treatment-4= 243.8±20.7 g). Elapsed time for anesthesia duration (stage1 to 3) and recovery duration was recorded. Also, surveillance was evaluated after recovery. Ketamine was effective to cause anesthesia in the fish as 100 ppm concentration. 10 fishes of each treatment (%100) were anesthetized and were induced in stageIII-Plane3 of anesthesia within 2-3 min after exposure to anesthetic solution (Treatment-1= 110.3±3.5 seconds; Treatment-2= 140.0±5.9 sec; Treatment-3= 180.0±5.8 sec and Treatment-4= 190.0±5.8 sec). Anesthesia lasted for 5-6 min while fish were immersed in clean water (water without drug). So, Anesthesia continued for about 5-6 minutes (Treatment-1= 370.3±10 seconds; Treatment-2= 329.6±22 sec; Treatment-3= 300.0±12 sec and Treatment-4= 280.0±5 sec). All fish were alive after recovery. The result shows that Ketamine can produce anesthesia in the fish as a water- soluble drug and it is safe and effective. It may show that Ketamine can be absorbed through gills and can reach the nervous system of fish by blood circulation. The anesthesia duration in every treatment was showed a significant difference compared with other treatments (p<0.05).
氯胺酮对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的水溶性麻醉效果进行了评价。将大小为20 ~240克的鱼暴露于浓度为100 ppm的氯胺酮溶液(溶解在水中)中,根据鱼的体重范围将其分为4个处理(处理1= 22.8±3.4 g;治疗组2= 51.7±4.4 g;治疗组-3= 69.8±5.2 g,治疗组-4= 243.8±20.7 g)。记录麻醉时间(1 ~ 3期)和恢复时间。同时,康复后进行监测评估。氯胺酮浓度为100ppm时,对鱼的麻醉效果较好。每种处理10条鱼(%100)麻醉,在麻醉液暴露后2 ~ 3 min内诱导进入麻醉阶段(治疗-1= 110.3±3.5秒;处理-2= 140.0±5.9秒;治疗组3= 180.0±5.8秒,治疗组4= 190.0±5.8秒)。麻醉持续5-6分钟,鱼浸泡在清水中(不含药物的水)。因此,麻醉持续约5-6分钟(治疗-1= 370.3±10秒;处理-2= 329.6±22秒;处理-3= 3000.0±12秒,处理-4= 280.0±5秒)。所有的鱼在恢复后都是活的。结果表明,氯胺酮作为一种水溶性药物对鱼类产生麻醉作用,是安全有效的。这可能表明氯胺酮可以通过鱼鳃吸收,并通过血液循环到达鱼的神经系统。各治疗组麻醉时间与其他治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Meiofaunal Adaptation to Environmental Variability and Human Trampling of Tropical Sandy Beaches at Goa, India 印度果阿热带沙滩对环境变异和人类践踏的小动物适应
Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.19080/ofoaj.2021.13.555851
Z. Ansari
Physical disturbances have direct impact on sandy beach ecosystem. The old hypothesis of meiofauna as indicator of disturbance was tested for the assessment of health of sandy beaches. Two sandy beaches in Goa were sampled for meiofauna and sediment properties covering three seasons of the year. There were differences in physical and chemical properties of the sediment of two beaches. The meiofaunal density varied from 386 to 1222⁄ 10 cm2 (mean 712) at Caranzalem and 185 to 662⁄ 10 cm2 (mean 387) at Candolim. The meiofaunal assemblage revealed similar seasonal pattern but significant variation (p<0.01) in total abundance at two beaches. Percent composition of taxa differ at two beaches. The nematodes were the most dominant group with contribution of > 50% followed by harpacticoida polychaeta and turbellaria. General linear model of correlation matrix parameter revealed different relation on two beaches. The N:C ratio suggested its usefulness in disturbance study. The differences in meiofaunal abundance of the two beaches, could be attributed to variability in the physical environment. The trampling has led to changes in relative abundance of meiofaunal taxa at Candolim beach. This study further demonstrated the use of meiofauna in the health assessment of sandy beaches.
物理干扰对沙滩生态系统有直接影响。在沙地健康评价中,检验了以微量动物群作为干扰指标的旧假设。在果阿邦的两个沙滩上采样了覆盖一年三个季节的珍稀动物和沉积物特性。两个海滩沉积物的物理化学性质存在差异。小虫密度在Caranzalem为386 ~ 1222 / 10 cm2(平均712),Candolim为185 ~ 662 / 10 cm2(平均387)。小动物群落的季节分布相似,但差异显著(p > 50%),其次是多毛藻和湍流藻。相关矩阵参数的一般线性模型揭示了两个海滩的不同关系。N:C比值在扰动研究中是有用的。这两个海滩在生物多样性方面的差异可归因于自然环境的变化。踩踏导致了坎多林海滩小动物类群相对丰度的变化。本研究进一步证明了在沙滩健康评价中使用微量动物群。
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引用次数: 0
Fishiness of Piscine Birds Linked to Absence of Poisonous Fungi but not Pizza 鱼鸟的腥味与没有有毒真菌有关,但与披萨无关
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2020.12.555850
Martin Stervander
What is a species? That is one of the main questions in evolutionary biology, ecology, and conservation biology. Another question is this one: Can the degree of fish-likeness in birds be linked to the absence of poisonous fungi? Sparked by recent major ornithological advances we set out to assess whether the reason that some birds are more morphologically like fish than others could be explained by the prevalence of fungi of mild to severe toxicity. Whereas birds of several taxonomic orders are partly or predominantly aquatic, few have adapted so strongly to an underwater lifestyle as penguins (Sphenisciformes).
什么是物种?这是进化生物学、生态学和保护生物学的主要问题之一。另一个问题是:鸟类与鱼的相似程度是否与没有有毒真菌有关?受到最近鸟类学重大进展的启发,我们开始评估一些鸟类在形态上比其他鸟类更像鱼的原因是否可以用轻度到重度毒性真菌的流行来解释。虽然有几个分类目的鸟类部分或主要是水生的,但很少有像企鹅(蝶形目)这样强烈地适应了水下的生活方式。
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引用次数: 0
Image Classification by Deep Neural Network of Event-Type Anomalies in The Southwestern Baltic Sea 波罗的海西南部事件型异常的深度神经网络图像分类
Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2020.12.555849
E. Shchekinova
In the paper we propose a binary classification method to identify episodes of anomalies in physicochemical parameters related to mixing and exchange of water masses. For training and validation of classifier we use high resolution time series from the Boknis Eck monitoring station in the southwestern Baltic Sea. To study the role of air ocean coupling, in addition to ocean parameters, we use high resolution wind speed observations from the Kiel lighthouse weather station. The detection accuracy of anomalies relies upon training of deep neural network on image data generated from historical data interval of ocean parameters. Our data driven analysis suggests strong causality between variations in atmospheric wind and ocean physiochemistry that underlies short term ocean exchange processes in the study area.
本文提出了一种二元分类方法来识别与水团混合和交换有关的物理化学参数异常事件。为了训练和验证分类器,我们使用了波罗的海西南部Boknis Eck监测站的高分辨率时间序列。为了研究气海耦合的作用,除了海洋参数外,我们还使用了基尔灯塔气象站的高分辨率风速观测数据。异常的检测精度依赖于对海洋参数历史数据区间生成的图像数据进行深度神经网络训练。我们的数据驱动分析表明,大气风和海洋物理化学变化之间存在很强的因果关系,这是研究区域短期海洋交换过程的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Bioeconomic Analysis of a Pilot Commercial Production for Frogs (Lithobates Catesbeianus), In Greece 希腊青蛙(Lithobates Catesbeianus)试点商业化生产的生物经济分析
Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2020.12.555848
M. Hatziioannou
In the present paper the viability of a pilot commercial production of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianu s in Greece was examined. Data were collected through personal interviews (in-depth interviews) with the entrepreneurs of six companies. A comparative presentation of profits and expenses was conducted, and the Net Present Value criterion was applied, as an indication of potential profitability of the investment plan. For the viable scenario NPV, was +464258€ and IRR was 72.8%. A larger produced amount, due to the lower density of the individuals (240 individuals/m2), and the better board management with automatic troughs. One couple of forg legs weighed 140 gr and for the production of 1kg of frog legs seven individuals are required. With food convertibility of 2:1, each animal consumes 750gr of food until it reaches the trading weight of 350gr. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing sectors of agriculture in Greece and the development of frog farming interest, both financially as well as in protecting and preserving the natural populations of amphibians.
本文研究了在希腊进行美洲牛蛙(Lithobates catesbeianu s)商业化生产试验的可行性。通过对六家公司的企业家进行个人访谈(深度访谈)来收集数据。进行了利润和费用的比较表示,并采用净现值标准,作为投资计划潜在盈利能力的指示。对于可行方案,NPV为+464258欧元,内部收益率为72.8%。更大的产量,因为个体密度较低(240个体/m2),更好的板管理与自动槽。一对青蛙腿重140克,生产1公斤的青蛙腿需要7个人。食物可兑换性为2:1,每头动物消耗750克食物,直到达到交易重量350克。水产养殖是希腊发展最快的农业部门之一,在经济上以及保护和保存两栖动物的自然种群方面,青蛙养殖的发展都很有趣。
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引用次数: 1
Multidimensional Analysis of Fish Diversity on Lake Issyk-Kul Issyk-Kul湖鱼类多样性的多维分析
Pub Date : 2020-11-13 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2020.12.555847
Aliiaskarov Mail Aliiaskarovich
Studying the biodiversity of Issyk-Kul lake is one of the most important issues for assessing the state of its ecosystem, as well as determining the strategy for managing and preserving the bioresources of the lake. To study the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem, there are various ap-proaches and methods for determining it. This article presents a research paper that was conducted to determine the biodiversity of fish species on lake Issyk-Kul and methods for calculating them through the Shannon-Weiner biodiversity index, the Simpson index (D) and the Simpson diversity index (1 - D). Biodiversity indices are a measure of species richness (the number of species in situ) and their uniformity of distribution in a body of water. The analysis of data on catches was carried out using a multidimensional analysis of the main components of PCA (principle component analysis). The statistical software package MINITAB (version 16) was used to perform PCA analysis. In this regard, the results of the above methods determined the species and dominant composition of fish species, their uniformity and distribution in the studied areas of lake Issyk-Kul.
研究Issyk-Kul湖的生物多样性是评价其生态系统状况,确定湖泊生物资源管理和保护策略的重要问题之一。为了研究水生生态系统的生物多样性,有各种各样的途径和方法来确定它。本文通过Shannon-Weiner生物多样性指数、Simpson生物多样性指数(D)和Simpson生物多样性指数(1 - D)来确定Issyk-Kul湖鱼类物种的生物多样性及其计算方法。生物多样性指数是衡量水体中物种丰富度(原地物种数量)及其分布均匀性的指标。渔获量数据的分析采用主成分分析(PCA)主成分的多维分析。采用统计软件包MINITAB (version 16)进行主成分分析。因此,上述方法的结果确定了Issyk-Kul湖研究区域鱼类的种类、优势组成、均匀性和分布。
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引用次数: 0
Devices for Monitoring Operating Parameters of The Ship Mechanisms 船舶机构运行参数监测装置
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2020.12.555846
Sergey Anatolyevich Putilin
The results of experimental measurement of ship system parameters using new electronic devices are presented. The surface temperature of the compressor, oil separator, and linear receiver was measured using a thermal imager. The obtained thermograms clearly visualize the operational characteristics of the tested equipment. In addition, the description of obtaining the temperature of the internal environment based on the results of measuring the temperature of the outer surface of the pipeline using a pyrometer is presented.
介绍了利用新型电子设备对舰船系统参数进行测量的实验结果。利用热成像仪测量了压缩机、油分离器和线性接收器的表面温度。获得的热像图清楚地显示了被测设备的工作特性。此外,还介绍了利用高温计测量管道外表面温度的结果来获取管道内环境温度的方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Oceanography & Fisheries Open access Journal
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