Background/Aim: Increased consumption of corn syrup has been linked to various metabolic diseases. The Mediterranean diet, one of the healthiest known diets, is renowned for its cardioprotective effects. We investigated the possible roles of new molecules such as spexin (SPX) and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) in the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), one of the primary main components of olive oil, in rats fed corn syrup. Methods: The animals were divided into four groups of n=6 rats each: Group I (Control), Group II (HT), Group III (Corn Syrup), and Group IV (Corn Syrup+HT). The rats were given 30% corn syrup with drinking water for 6 weeks. Liquid containing HT (4 ml/kg/day) was applied by oral gavage alone and together with corn syrup for 6 weeks. SPX and PTX-3 were examined histopathologically in the animals’ heart tissue after the rats were sacrificed, and histoscores were created for SPX and PTX-3 immunoreactivity. The data were analyzed using both one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: We detected a decrease in SPX (P<0.001) and an increase in PTX-3 (P=0.013) in the Corn Syrup group compared with the Control group. After HT treatment, an increase in SPX (P=0.025) and a decrease in PTX-3 (P<0.001) were detected. There were no differences between the HT and Control groups. Conclusion: The protective effects of HT against heart damage might be conferred via SPX and PTX-3. These molecules are considered to be important target molecules involved in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases.
{"title":"The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol on the heart in rats fed corn syrup: The role of spexin, pentraxin-3","authors":"Elif Onat, Ahmet Türk","doi":"10.28982/josam.7940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7940","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Increased consumption of corn syrup has been linked to various metabolic diseases. The Mediterranean diet, one of the healthiest known diets, is renowned for its cardioprotective effects. We investigated the possible roles of new molecules such as spexin (SPX) and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) in the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), one of the primary main components of olive oil, in rats fed corn syrup. Methods: The animals were divided into four groups of n=6 rats each: Group I (Control), Group II (HT), Group III (Corn Syrup), and Group IV (Corn Syrup+HT). The rats were given 30% corn syrup with drinking water for 6 weeks. Liquid containing HT (4 ml/kg/day) was applied by oral gavage alone and together with corn syrup for 6 weeks. SPX and PTX-3 were examined histopathologically in the animals’ heart tissue after the rats were sacrificed, and histoscores were created for SPX and PTX-3 immunoreactivity. The data were analyzed using both one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: We detected a decrease in SPX (P<0.001) and an increase in PTX-3 (P=0.013) in the Corn Syrup group compared with the Control group. After HT treatment, an increase in SPX (P=0.025) and a decrease in PTX-3 (P<0.001) were detected. There were no differences between the HT and Control groups. Conclusion: The protective effects of HT against heart damage might be conferred via SPX and PTX-3. These molecules are considered to be important target molecules involved in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135245833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Murat Bıçakcıoğlu, Mevlüt Doğukan, Mehmet Duran, Zümrüt Doğan, Bilge Aydın Türk
Background/Aim: Lung injury is frequently observed in cases with sepsis, which can lead to conditions that progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causing mortality. There is no specific treatment for sepsis or sepsis-induced lung injury. Antioxidant therapy has been one of the most prominent options for treatment, according to pathophysiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin, a powerful antioxidant, on sepsis and sepsis-related lung injury. Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The control group (CNRL) received 1.5 ml saline via the intragastric route. The quercetin group (QUER [n=5]) underwent no sepsis procedure and received 20 mg/kg quercetin via the intragastric route starting 15 days before the procedure. The sham group (SHAM [n=6]) underwent a surgical incision and received 1.5 ml intragastric olive oil (quercetin dissolves in oil). The sepsis group (SEPS [n=7]) underwent the sepsis procedure. The sepsis and quercetin group (SEPS+QUER [n=7]) underwent the sepsis procedure and received 20 mg/kg quercetin via the intragastric route for 15 days before the procedure. Cecal ligation and puncture methods were used to induce sepsis. While ALT, AST, LDH, GGT and CRP values were analyzed from rat blood, MDA and GSH levels were analyzed from lung tissue. Results: The results showed that quercetin reduced neutrophil infiltration (TLIS 3.5 [0.26] in the SEPS group vs TLIS 2.75 [0.29] in the SEPS+QUER group [P=0.01]), intra-alveolar macrophage count (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01]) and cell proliferation (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01]), and that it helped to preserve lung anatomy during sepsis. It was observed that MDA levels in the lung tissue decreased with the treatment of quercetin to septic rats (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.046]). Conclusion: These findings suggest that quercetin may be a potential treatment option for sepsis. However, more studies are needed to determine whether quercetin is a viable option as a therapeutic strategy in patients.
背景/目的:肺损伤在脓毒症患者中经常观察到，这可能导致病情进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)，导致死亡。脓毒症或脓毒症引起的肺损伤没有特定的治疗方法。根据病理生理学研究，抗氧化疗法一直是最突出的治疗选择之一。本研究的目的是研究槲皮素，一种强大的抗氧化剂，对败血症和败血症相关肺损伤的影响。方法:32只成年雄性大鼠分为5组。对照组(CNRL)灌胃生理盐水1.5 ml。槲皮素组(QUER [n=5])未进行脓毒症手术，并在手术前15天开始给予20 mg/kg槲皮素灌胃。假手术组(sham [n=6])手术切口，灌胃橄榄油1.5 ml(槲皮素溶于油中)。脓毒症组(SEPS [n=7])行脓毒症手术。脓毒症和槲皮素组(SEPS+QUER [n=7])接受脓毒症手术，术前15天给予20 mg/kg槲皮素灌胃。采用盲肠结扎法和穿刺法诱导脓毒症。分析大鼠血液中ALT、AST、LDH、GGT和CRP值，分析肺组织中MDA和GSH水平。结果:槲皮素可降低中性粒细胞浸润(SEPS组TLIS为3.5[0.26]，而SEPS+QUER组TLIS为2.75 [0.29][P=0.01])、肺泡内巨噬细胞计数(SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01])和细胞增殖(SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01])，并有助于保护脓毒症期间的肺部解剖结构。我们观察到，槲皮素治疗脓毒症大鼠肺组织MDA水平降低(SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.046])。结论:这些发现提示槲皮素可能是脓毒症的潜在治疗选择。然而，需要更多的研究来确定槲皮素是否是一种可行的治疗策略。
{"title":"The effect of quercetin, a flavonoid, on lung injury caused by sepsis","authors":"Murat Bıçakcıoğlu, Mevlüt Doğukan, Mehmet Duran, Zümrüt Doğan, Bilge Aydın Türk","doi":"10.28982/josam.7926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7926","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Lung injury is frequently observed in cases with sepsis, which can lead to conditions that progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causing mortality. There is no specific treatment for sepsis or sepsis-induced lung injury. Antioxidant therapy has been one of the most prominent options for treatment, according to pathophysiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin, a powerful antioxidant, on sepsis and sepsis-related lung injury. Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The control group (CNRL) received 1.5 ml saline via the intragastric route. The quercetin group (QUER [n=5]) underwent no sepsis procedure and received 20 mg/kg quercetin via the intragastric route starting 15 days before the procedure. The sham group (SHAM [n=6]) underwent a surgical incision and received 1.5 ml intragastric olive oil (quercetin dissolves in oil). The sepsis group (SEPS [n=7]) underwent the sepsis procedure. The sepsis and quercetin group (SEPS+QUER [n=7]) underwent the sepsis procedure and received 20 mg/kg quercetin via the intragastric route for 15 days before the procedure. Cecal ligation and puncture methods were used to induce sepsis. While ALT, AST, LDH, GGT and CRP values were analyzed from rat blood, MDA and GSH levels were analyzed from lung tissue. Results: The results showed that quercetin reduced neutrophil infiltration (TLIS 3.5 [0.26] in the SEPS group vs TLIS 2.75 [0.29] in the SEPS+QUER group [P=0.01]), intra-alveolar macrophage count (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01]) and cell proliferation (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01]), and that it helped to preserve lung anatomy during sepsis. It was observed that MDA levels in the lung tissue decreased with the treatment of quercetin to septic rats (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.046]). Conclusion: These findings suggest that quercetin may be a potential treatment option for sepsis. However, more studies are needed to determine whether quercetin is a viable option as a therapeutic strategy in patients.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Pilonidal sinus (PS) is a benign chronic condition that primarily affects young people and can have a significant impact on their social life and work. Treatment options range from minimally invasive methods to surgical interventions involving wide excision. This study evaluates the outcomes of Kite excision, which aims to preserve healthy tissues, in cases of complicated PS extending along the natal cleft line. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included cases of complicated PS extending along the intergluteal sulcus. Patients with minimally extended PS, sinus openings extending laterally, or patients in whom the defect area was closed using other methods (e.g., rotation flap or Limberg flap) were excluded. Patient data were obtained from medical records and the hospital information system: patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), length of hospital stay, duration of drainage, follow-up period, presence of flap necrosis or flap edema, wound dehiscence, and presence of seroma, hematoma, or surgical-site infections. Results: A total of 41 patients were included in the study; five (12%) were female. Twenty-three patients (56%) had recurrent PS; 18 patients (44%) underwent surgery for the first time. The mean age of the cohort was 28.5 years (standard deviation: 5.1 years). The mean BMI of the group was 30.2 kg/m2 (standard deviation: 2.9 kg/m2), and the mean hospital stay was 1.3 days (standard deviation: 0.6 days). Wound dehiscence was observed in two patients (4.9%), and hematoma beneath the flap was observed in one patient (2.4%). Seroma was detected in one patient (2.4%). A surgical-site infection was identified in two patients (4.9%). The overall postoperative complication rate was 14.6%, and recurrence was observed in one patient (2.4%). Conclusion: Kite excision performed along the natal cleft line in cases of complicated PS is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure that preserves healthy tissues. It is a recommended surgical treatment option in cases of complicated PS with vertical extension, and it will reduce the incidence of recurrence and increase patient comfort.
{"title":"Kite excision in complicated pilonidal sinuses: A retrospective cohort study of a tissue-sparing technique","authors":"Zehra Ünal Özdemir","doi":"10.28982/josam.7938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7938","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Pilonidal sinus (PS) is a benign chronic condition that primarily affects young people and can have a significant impact on their social life and work. Treatment options range from minimally invasive methods to surgical interventions involving wide excision. This study evaluates the outcomes of Kite excision, which aims to preserve healthy tissues, in cases of complicated PS extending along the natal cleft line. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included cases of complicated PS extending along the intergluteal sulcus. Patients with minimally extended PS, sinus openings extending laterally, or patients in whom the defect area was closed using other methods (e.g., rotation flap or Limberg flap) were excluded. Patient data were obtained from medical records and the hospital information system: patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), length of hospital stay, duration of drainage, follow-up period, presence of flap necrosis or flap edema, wound dehiscence, and presence of seroma, hematoma, or surgical-site infections. Results: A total of 41 patients were included in the study; five (12%) were female. Twenty-three patients (56%) had recurrent PS; 18 patients (44%) underwent surgery for the first time. The mean age of the cohort was 28.5 years (standard deviation: 5.1 years). The mean BMI of the group was 30.2 kg/m2 (standard deviation: 2.9 kg/m2), and the mean hospital stay was 1.3 days (standard deviation: 0.6 days). Wound dehiscence was observed in two patients (4.9%), and hematoma beneath the flap was observed in one patient (2.4%). Seroma was detected in one patient (2.4%). A surgical-site infection was identified in two patients (4.9%). The overall postoperative complication rate was 14.6%, and recurrence was observed in one patient (2.4%). Conclusion: Kite excision performed along the natal cleft line in cases of complicated PS is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure that preserves healthy tissues. It is a recommended surgical treatment option in cases of complicated PS with vertical extension, and it will reduce the incidence of recurrence and increase patient comfort.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Vestibular disorders are common and can negatively affect quality of life and result in workforce losses; they can also be life-threatening diseases. As a result, studies of their etiology and treatment approaches are of particular importance. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiological, demographic, and seasonal characteristics of patients presenting to the Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) clinic in Kastamonu, Turkey complaining of vertigo/dizziness. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the files of 1033 patients who presented at the clinic with a report of vertigo/dizziness between September 2020 and September 2021 were examined. The patients’ demographic characteristics, presentation dates, and diagnoses were recorded. Results: Six hundred and fifty-one patients (63%) were female, and the mean age of the patient cohort was 50.3 years (standard deviation: 16.0 years). Six hundred and twenty-seven patients (60.7%) were identified with chronic subjective dizziness, 302 (29.2%) were identified with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 18 (1.7%) were identified with vestibular migraine, 7 (0.7%) were identified with bilateral vestibulopathy, 41 (4.0%) were identified with unilateral vestibulopathy, 16 (1.5%) were identified with vestibular neuritis, 6 (0.6%) were identified with Meniere’s disease, 10 (1.0%) were identified with central vertigo/dizziness, 3 (0.3%) were identified with labyrinthitis and 3 (0.3%) were identified with another form of vertigo/dizziness. An increase in the number of cases was observed in the spring, and the number of patients presenting with vertigo/dizziness decreased thereafter and reached a minimum in the fall (P<0.001). Conclusion: The most common vestibular disorder was chronic subjective dizziness. Vestibular disorders are more common in women and in the spring season. Although ENT specialists generally focus on pathologies of the ear, vertigo/dizziness are symptoms that may involve several etiologies. Meticulous clinical examinations should be performed; the etiological cause and clinical diagnosis in these cases will dictate additional tests to be requested and therapeutic strategies. Due to the broad diagnostic spectrum of these cases, a multidisciplinary approach is also critical.
{"title":"The etiological, demographic, and seasonal characteristics of patients with dizziness and vertigo","authors":"Fatma Atalay, Ayhan Kars, Kubra Topal, Sezai Sacid Anbar, Zeynep Yavuz","doi":"10.28982/josam.7562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7562","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Vestibular disorders are common and can negatively affect quality of life and result in workforce losses; they can also be life-threatening diseases. As a result, studies of their etiology and treatment approaches are of particular importance. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiological, demographic, and seasonal characteristics of patients presenting to the Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) clinic in Kastamonu, Turkey complaining of vertigo/dizziness. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the files of 1033 patients who presented at the clinic with a report of vertigo/dizziness between September 2020 and September 2021 were examined. The patients’ demographic characteristics, presentation dates, and diagnoses were recorded. Results: Six hundred and fifty-one patients (63%) were female, and the mean age of the patient cohort was 50.3 years (standard deviation: 16.0 years). Six hundred and twenty-seven patients (60.7%) were identified with chronic subjective dizziness, 302 (29.2%) were identified with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 18 (1.7%) were identified with vestibular migraine, 7 (0.7%) were identified with bilateral vestibulopathy, 41 (4.0%) were identified with unilateral vestibulopathy, 16 (1.5%) were identified with vestibular neuritis, 6 (0.6%) were identified with Meniere’s disease, 10 (1.0%) were identified with central vertigo/dizziness, 3 (0.3%) were identified with labyrinthitis and 3 (0.3%) were identified with another form of vertigo/dizziness. An increase in the number of cases was observed in the spring, and the number of patients presenting with vertigo/dizziness decreased thereafter and reached a minimum in the fall (P<0.001). Conclusion: The most common vestibular disorder was chronic subjective dizziness. Vestibular disorders are more common in women and in the spring season. Although ENT specialists generally focus on pathologies of the ear, vertigo/dizziness are symptoms that may involve several etiologies. Meticulous clinical examinations should be performed; the etiological cause and clinical diagnosis in these cases will dictate additional tests to be requested and therapeutic strategies. Due to the broad diagnostic spectrum of these cases, a multidisciplinary approach is also critical.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Increased frailty with age along with an increase in comorbidities heighten mortality in intensive care units. According to the World Health Organization, old age is divided into three stages: 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and older. The lengthened human lifespan leads to a growth in the number of elderly patients in intensive care units, and the need to know the factors associated with prognosis in the three stages of old age. We aimed to define factors affecting mortality in these three stages of aging and the factors that can help predict prognoses. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, data of patients over the age of 65 who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Bolu Izzet Baysal State Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were recorded using the hospital's automation system. Demographic data, blood tests, diagnoses and inflammatory biomarkers, such as RDW, NLR, and CAR were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, 46.2% of the 1566 patients died. The most common diagnosis for admission to the intensive care unit was sepsis, and the most common comorbidity was hypertension. While neurological impairment (P<0.001), malignancy (P=0.006), and cardiac disease (P=0.004) were associated with mortality in all three stages of old age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with mortality in the 85 years and older age group (P=0.011) and diabetes in those aged 65–74 years and 75–84 years. The APACHE II score (P<0.001) and red cell distribution width (P<0.001) were highly effective in predicting prognoses in all three stages of old age. Conclusion: In examining the factors associated with mortality in older age intensive care unit patients, we found that the APACHE II score and red cell distribution width were effective in establishing prognoses for all age groups.
{"title":"Factors affecting the outcome of older adults followed in the intensive care unit according to age stages","authors":"Mustafa Deniz, Pınar Ayvat","doi":"10.28982/josam.7925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7925","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Increased frailty with age along with an increase in comorbidities heighten mortality in intensive care units. According to the World Health Organization, old age is divided into three stages: 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and older. The lengthened human lifespan leads to a growth in the number of elderly patients in intensive care units, and the need to know the factors associated with prognosis in the three stages of old age. We aimed to define factors affecting mortality in these three stages of aging and the factors that can help predict prognoses. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, data of patients over the age of 65 who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Bolu Izzet Baysal State Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were recorded using the hospital's automation system. Demographic data, blood tests, diagnoses and inflammatory biomarkers, such as RDW, NLR, and CAR were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, 46.2% of the 1566 patients died. The most common diagnosis for admission to the intensive care unit was sepsis, and the most common comorbidity was hypertension. While neurological impairment (P<0.001), malignancy (P=0.006), and cardiac disease (P=0.004) were associated with mortality in all three stages of old age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with mortality in the 85 years and older age group (P=0.011) and diabetes in those aged 65–74 years and 75–84 years. The APACHE II score (P<0.001) and red cell distribution width (P<0.001) were highly effective in predicting prognoses in all three stages of old age. Conclusion: In examining the factors associated with mortality in older age intensive care unit patients, we found that the APACHE II score and red cell distribution width were effective in establishing prognoses for all age groups.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases first emerged in Turkey in March 2020, spreading rapidly and peaking in April and May. This study aimed to assess individuals with loss of taste and smell who were admitted to our hospital with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods: Between March and June 2020, we retrospectively assessed 6966 patients who visited Kartal Dr. Lütfi Krdar City Hospital’s Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology COVID-19 outpatient clinics; 137 patients with loss of taste and smell were included in the study. We enrolled 18-year-old patients who were admitted to the infection emergency outpatient clinics. Results: Out of the 6966 patients hospitalized with a pre-diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, 137 (0.19%) complained of poor taste and smell. Among these, 69 (50.4%) were female, and 68 (49.6%) were male. Of the 137 patients, 100 (73%) reported a loss of smell, while 94 (68.6%) reported a loss of taste. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) was positive in approximately one-third (n=2672, 38.4%) of the 6966 patients and roughly half (n=62, 48.4%) of the patients with loss of taste and smell. The most common symptoms observed in patients with anosmia were fever (n=123, 91%), cough (n=102, 75%), shortness of breath (n=411, 30%), sore throat (n=12, 9%), malaise (n=12, 9%), myalgia (n=11, 8%), nausea/vomiting (n=6, 5%), diarrhea (n=4, 3%), loss of smell (n=2, 2%), and loss of taste (n=2, 2%). Comorbidities included hypertension (n=4, 3%), diabetes mellitus (n=4, 2%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=2, 2%), and coronary artery disease (n=1, 1%). Conclusion: Patients admitted to our hospital during the initial wave of the pandemic experienced typical and prevalent symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, and loss of taste and smell. Further large cohort studies are required to address the “tasteless” COVID-19 more fully.
{"title":"Demographic characteristics of patients with anosmia consulting to the COVID-19 outpatient clinic","authors":"Sibel Doğan Kaya, Suzan Şahin, Bülent Kaya, Gülfem Akengin Öcal, Sabahat Çağan Aktaş, Müge Tokatlı Çoban, Pınar Öngörü, Öznur Ak, Ayşe Batırel","doi":"10.28982/josam.7809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7809","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases first emerged in Turkey in March 2020, spreading rapidly and peaking in April and May. This study aimed to assess individuals with loss of taste and smell who were admitted to our hospital with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods: Between March and June 2020, we retrospectively assessed 6966 patients who visited Kartal Dr. Lütfi Krdar City Hospital’s Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology COVID-19 outpatient clinics; 137 patients with loss of taste and smell were included in the study. We enrolled 18-year-old patients who were admitted to the infection emergency outpatient clinics. Results: Out of the 6966 patients hospitalized with a pre-diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, 137 (0.19%) complained of poor taste and smell. Among these, 69 (50.4%) were female, and 68 (49.6%) were male. Of the 137 patients, 100 (73%) reported a loss of smell, while 94 (68.6%) reported a loss of taste. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) was positive in approximately one-third (n=2672, 38.4%) of the 6966 patients and roughly half (n=62, 48.4%) of the patients with loss of taste and smell. The most common symptoms observed in patients with anosmia were fever (n=123, 91%), cough (n=102, 75%), shortness of breath (n=411, 30%), sore throat (n=12, 9%), malaise (n=12, 9%), myalgia (n=11, 8%), nausea/vomiting (n=6, 5%), diarrhea (n=4, 3%), loss of smell (n=2, 2%), and loss of taste (n=2, 2%). Comorbidities included hypertension (n=4, 3%), diabetes mellitus (n=4, 2%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=2, 2%), and coronary artery disease (n=1, 1%). Conclusion: Patients admitted to our hospital during the initial wave of the pandemic experienced typical and prevalent symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, and loss of taste and smell. Further large cohort studies are required to address the “tasteless” COVID-19 more fully.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Local anesthetics are frequently used and often considered harmless, but they can precipitate local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) when accidentally administered intravascularly or when a toxic dose is rapidly absorbed, which can result in mortality. In cases of renal function impairment, the altered pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics lead to a lowered toxicity threshold. In this study, the aim was to histopathologically investigate the increase in neurotoxicity in the central nervous system due to bupivacaine in experimental renal failure. Methods: In the study, a total of 28 male Wistar albino rats, aged 8-10 weeks, were evenly divided into four groups: Group C (control group) received intraperitoneal 1 mL/kg saline; Group G (glycerol group) received intramuscular 10 mL/kg glycerol, Group GB (glycerol+bupivacaine group) received intramuscular 10 mL/kg glycerol followed by intraperitoneal 4 mg/kg bupivacaine; and Group B (bupivacaine group) received intraperitoneal 4 mg/kg bupivacaine. All rats were sacrificed after the experimental period. Tissue samples were preserved and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological analyses. TRPM2 and Reelin levels in brain tissue were measured using immunohistochemical methods. Results: In the histopathological examination, Group G exhibited higher Reelin and TRPM2 levels compared to all other groups (P<0.001). In Group GB, both Reelin and TRPM2 immunoreactivity were significantly higher compared to Group B (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that renal dysfunction increases neurotoxicity in brain tissue associated with bupivacaine.
{"title":"Examination of the effect of bupivacaine on brain tissue in rats with induced experimental renal failure","authors":"Nezir Yılmaz, Mehmet Tepe, Öznur Uludağ","doi":"10.28982/josam.7924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7924","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Local anesthetics are frequently used and often considered harmless, but they can precipitate local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) when accidentally administered intravascularly or when a toxic dose is rapidly absorbed, which can result in mortality. In cases of renal function impairment, the altered pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics lead to a lowered toxicity threshold. In this study, the aim was to histopathologically investigate the increase in neurotoxicity in the central nervous system due to bupivacaine in experimental renal failure. Methods: In the study, a total of 28 male Wistar albino rats, aged 8-10 weeks, were evenly divided into four groups: Group C (control group) received intraperitoneal 1 mL/kg saline; Group G (glycerol group) received intramuscular 10 mL/kg glycerol, Group GB (glycerol+bupivacaine group) received intramuscular 10 mL/kg glycerol followed by intraperitoneal 4 mg/kg bupivacaine; and Group B (bupivacaine group) received intraperitoneal 4 mg/kg bupivacaine. All rats were sacrificed after the experimental period. Tissue samples were preserved and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological analyses. TRPM2 and Reelin levels in brain tissue were measured using immunohistochemical methods. Results: In the histopathological examination, Group G exhibited higher Reelin and TRPM2 levels compared to all other groups (P<0.001). In Group GB, both Reelin and TRPM2 immunoreactivity were significantly higher compared to Group B (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that renal dysfunction increases neurotoxicity in brain tissue associated with bupivacaine.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: The probability of infection, especially from hospitals, and fear of contracting a disease caused changes in the clinical courses of many emergency diseases during the pandemic period. This article aimed to compare the histopathological and laboratory investigation results of acute appendicitis cases in a state hospital working as a pandemic hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Patients undergoing appendectomy between March 2019 and March 2021 in the General Surgery Department of our hospital were included in the study. The period between March 2019 and March 2020 and the period between March 2020 and March 2021 were considered as the period before the pandemic and the pandemic period, respectively. Patients in the period before the pandemic were classified as Group A and the ones in the pandemic period as Group B. The patients were randomly selected from the computer system. Data of all patients, including ages, genders, presentation times to the hospital after initiation of pain, laboratory values, and histopathological investigation results were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 400 patients, including 200 patients in the period before the pandemic and 200 patients during the pandemic period, were included in the study. The mean age of patients who participated in the study before the pandemic was 35.85 (12.40) years, and during the pandemic period was 35.13 (12.30) years (P=0.558). The mean leukocyte values in the period before the pandemic, 13.23 (4.32), and during the pandemic period, 14.67 (4.09), were statistically different (P<0.001). The mean neutrophil value in the period before the pandemic, 10.08 (4.39), was found to be statistically lower than during the pandemic period, 11.26 (4.41) (P=0.007). In the histopathological investigation, one hundred and sixty patients were evaluated to be complicated and 40 patients to be non-complicated in the period before the pandemic. One hundred and ninety-six patients were evaluated to be complicated and 4 patients to be non-complicated during the pandemic period. Conclusion: The fear of transmission of the virus has caused patients to be admitted to hospitals late. Therefore, the number of complicated appendicitis has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on acute appendicitis: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Tuba Atak","doi":"10.28982/josam.7955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7955","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: The probability of infection, especially from hospitals, and fear of contracting a disease caused changes in the clinical courses of many emergency diseases during the pandemic period. This article aimed to compare the histopathological and laboratory investigation results of acute appendicitis cases in a state hospital working as a pandemic hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Patients undergoing appendectomy between March 2019 and March 2021 in the General Surgery Department of our hospital were included in the study. The period between March 2019 and March 2020 and the period between March 2020 and March 2021 were considered as the period before the pandemic and the pandemic period, respectively. Patients in the period before the pandemic were classified as Group A and the ones in the pandemic period as Group B. The patients were randomly selected from the computer system. Data of all patients, including ages, genders, presentation times to the hospital after initiation of pain, laboratory values, and histopathological investigation results were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 400 patients, including 200 patients in the period before the pandemic and 200 patients during the pandemic period, were included in the study. The mean age of patients who participated in the study before the pandemic was 35.85 (12.40) years, and during the pandemic period was 35.13 (12.30) years (P=0.558). The mean leukocyte values in the period before the pandemic, 13.23 (4.32), and during the pandemic period, 14.67 (4.09), were statistically different (P<0.001). The mean neutrophil value in the period before the pandemic, 10.08 (4.39), was found to be statistically lower than during the pandemic period, 11.26 (4.41) (P=0.007). In the histopathological investigation, one hundred and sixty patients were evaluated to be complicated and 40 patients to be non-complicated in the period before the pandemic. One hundred and ninety-six patients were evaluated to be complicated and 4 patients to be non-complicated during the pandemic period. Conclusion: The fear of transmission of the virus has caused patients to be admitted to hospitals late. Therefore, the number of complicated appendicitis has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory illness with a poorly known pathogenesis. Current biomarkers that are used to estimate inflammation are normal in some patients despite having active disease. Recent studies have revealed that oxidative stress may have a role in AS and that there is a close relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a promising new biomarker for oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess IMA levels and their relationship with disease activity and other inflammatory markers in patients with AS. Methods: This prospective case-control study included 48 patients with AS and 25 healthy controls (HCs). The measured serum levels of IMA, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-23 were compared between patients with AS and the HC group. We also analyzed the correlation between IMA and disease activity, acute phase reactants, and HLA-B27 positivity. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) were used to determine disease activity. Results: There was no difference in serum IMA levels between the AS and HC groups (25.08 [20.49-46.83] vs. 29.89 [29.89-42.0], P=0.146). Only IL-23 was significantly higher in patients with AS (10.81 [7.25-14.06] vs. 7.95 [6.85-10.46], P=0.039). Furthermore, there was no correlation between IMA and IL-23, IL-17, CRP, ESR, BASDAI, or ASDAS-CRP (r=-0.079, P=0.593; r=-0.043, P=0.771; r=-0.018, P=0.906; r=0.047, P=0.751; r=0.281, P=0.053; r=0.162, P=0.271). There was no significant difference between IMA, IL-17, and IL-23 levels in patients with low disease activity (BASDAI <4, ASDAS-CRP <2.1) and high disease activity (BASDAI ≥4, ASDAS-CRP ≥2.1) (BASDAI: P=0.146, P=0.303, P=0.071, and ASDAS-CRP: P=0.451, P=0.410, P=0.324, respectively). There was no difference in IMA levels between HLA-B27-positive patients and HLA-B27-negative patients (P=0.070). Conclusion: Although oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in AS pathogenesis, we did not find an increase in serum levels of IMA, an oxidative stress biomarker, in patients with AS. Our results suggest that IMA may not be a reliable indicator of inflammation. Further research is needed to determine whether IMA may have a role as a biomarker in AS.
{"title":"Value of ischemia-modified albumin in ankylosing spondylitis","authors":"Nurdan Orucoglu Yildirim, Senay Balcı, Lulufer Tamer","doi":"10.28982/josam.7887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7887","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory illness with a poorly known pathogenesis. Current biomarkers that are used to estimate inflammation are normal in some patients despite having active disease. Recent studies have revealed that oxidative stress may have a role in AS and that there is a close relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a promising new biomarker for oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess IMA levels and their relationship with disease activity and other inflammatory markers in patients with AS. Methods: This prospective case-control study included 48 patients with AS and 25 healthy controls (HCs). The measured serum levels of IMA, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-23 were compared between patients with AS and the HC group. We also analyzed the correlation between IMA and disease activity, acute phase reactants, and HLA-B27 positivity. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) were used to determine disease activity. Results: There was no difference in serum IMA levels between the AS and HC groups (25.08 [20.49-46.83] vs. 29.89 [29.89-42.0], P=0.146). Only IL-23 was significantly higher in patients with AS (10.81 [7.25-14.06] vs. 7.95 [6.85-10.46], P=0.039). Furthermore, there was no correlation between IMA and IL-23, IL-17, CRP, ESR, BASDAI, or ASDAS-CRP (r=-0.079, P=0.593; r=-0.043, P=0.771; r=-0.018, P=0.906; r=0.047, P=0.751; r=0.281, P=0.053; r=0.162, P=0.271). There was no significant difference between IMA, IL-17, and IL-23 levels in patients with low disease activity (BASDAI <4, ASDAS-CRP <2.1) and high disease activity (BASDAI ≥4, ASDAS-CRP ≥2.1) (BASDAI: P=0.146, P=0.303, P=0.071, and ASDAS-CRP: P=0.451, P=0.410, P=0.324, respectively). There was no difference in IMA levels between HLA-B27-positive patients and HLA-B27-negative patients (P=0.070). Conclusion: Although oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in AS pathogenesis, we did not find an increase in serum levels of IMA, an oxidative stress biomarker, in patients with AS. Our results suggest that IMA may not be a reliable indicator of inflammation. Further research is needed to determine whether IMA may have a role as a biomarker in AS.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: The classification of periampullary adenocarcinomas into pancreatobiliary-type periampullary adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type periampullary adenocarcinoma (PPAC and IPAC, respectively) has gained significant acceptance in the medical community. A patient's prognosis is determined by the degree of differentiation of these tumor types. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy of volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in assessing the degree of differentiation for these two tumor types. Methods: This retrospective cohort research evaluated 54 PPAC (45 well-differentiated and nine poorly differentiated) and 15 IPAC (11 well-differentiated and four poorly differentiated) patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T MRI) scans were used to evaluate the results. The features of the histogram for the ADC values were computed and incorporated several statistical measures, such as the mean, minimum, median, maximum, and percentiles in addition to the skewness, kurtosis, and variance. Results: In both PPAC and IPAC patients, the ADC values exhibited lower values in the poorly differentiated group when compared with the well-differentiated group. However, the changes between groups did not reach statistical significance. Among IPAC patients, the well-differentiated group had a larger kurtosis (P=0.048). In IPAC patients, the calculated value for the area under the curve (AUC) of kurtosis was determined to be 0.818. When the threshold was set at 0.123, the specificity and sensitivity were observed to be 90% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: Our research indicates that the kurtosis of ADC is an effective indicator to determine the level of IPAC differentiation. Analysis of the histogram at increased b values can provide valuable insights to help determine the degree of differentiation of IPAC using a noninvasive technique.
背景/目的:壶腹周围腺癌分为胰胆管型壶腹周围腺癌和肠型壶腹周围腺癌(分别为PPAC和IPAC)已经在医学界得到了很大的认可。患者的预后取决于这些肿瘤类型的分化程度。本研究的目的是评估体积表观扩散系数(ADC)直方图分析在评估这两种肿瘤的分化程度方面的有效性。方法:回顾性队列研究评估54例PPAC(45例高分化，9例低分化)和15例IPAC(11例高分化，4例低分化)患者。采用磁共振成像(1.5 T MRI)扫描评估结果。计算ADC值的直方图特征，并结合几种统计措施，如平均值、最小值、中位数、最大值和百分位数，以及偏度、峰度和方差。结果:在PPAC和IPAC患者中，低分化组的ADC值均低于高分化组。但组间差异无统计学意义。在IPAC患者中，高分化组峰度较大(P=0.048)。IPAC患者峰度曲线下面积(AUC)计算值为0.818。当阈值为0.123时，特异性为90%，敏感性为75%。结论:ADC峰度是判断IPAC分化水平的有效指标。对增加b值的直方图进行分析可以提供有价值的见解，有助于使用无创技术确定IPAC的分化程度。
{"title":"Volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis for determining the degree of differentiation of periampullary carcinomas","authors":"Mustafa Orhan Nalbant, Ercan Inci","doi":"10.28982/josam.7916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7916","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: The classification of periampullary adenocarcinomas into pancreatobiliary-type periampullary adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type periampullary adenocarcinoma (PPAC and IPAC, respectively) has gained significant acceptance in the medical community. A patient's prognosis is determined by the degree of differentiation of these tumor types. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy of volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in assessing the degree of differentiation for these two tumor types. Methods: This retrospective cohort research evaluated 54 PPAC (45 well-differentiated and nine poorly differentiated) and 15 IPAC (11 well-differentiated and four poorly differentiated) patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T MRI) scans were used to evaluate the results. The features of the histogram for the ADC values were computed and incorporated several statistical measures, such as the mean, minimum, median, maximum, and percentiles in addition to the skewness, kurtosis, and variance. Results: In both PPAC and IPAC patients, the ADC values exhibited lower values in the poorly differentiated group when compared with the well-differentiated group. However, the changes between groups did not reach statistical significance. Among IPAC patients, the well-differentiated group had a larger kurtosis (P=0.048). In IPAC patients, the calculated value for the area under the curve (AUC) of kurtosis was determined to be 0.818. When the threshold was set at 0.123, the specificity and sensitivity were observed to be 90% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: Our research indicates that the kurtosis of ADC is an effective indicator to determine the level of IPAC differentiation. Analysis of the histogram at increased b values can provide valuable insights to help determine the degree of differentiation of IPAC using a noninvasive technique.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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