Özlem Özpak Akkuş, Y. Özdemir, Çağla Özbek, B. Öncel, Betül Yapıcı Nane
Background/Aim: In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its complications, along with a growing awareness of healthy nutrition. As a result, consumers are seeking to incorporate more functional foods into their diets. Chia and flax seeds have gained popularity due to their soluble fiber and antioxidant capacity. This study aims to compare the effects of consuming cakes made with the addition of chia and flax seeds on blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as evaluate their impact on post-consumption satiety response in individuals. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, self-controlled experimental study involved 12 volunteers (19–64 years old) who were free from acute or chronic diseases. The participants had a body mass index (BMI) value between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 and a Beck Depression Inventory score of 8 or below. The study investigated the effects of standard and test cakes containing 50 g of digestible carbohydrates, including chia-added cake, flaxseed-added cake, and chia+flaxseed-added cake. Postprandial blood sugar, insulin, and subjective satiety responses were assessed. A standard nutrition program (diet: 60% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) was implemented at least one week before the study, and participants were asked to maintain 24-h food consumption records the day before the test days. Throughout the study period, individuals were instructed to avoid caffeine, medication, nutritional supplements, and heavy physical activity. Cake consumption sessions were conducted at the research center, with participants visiting four times in total, with at least 1-week intervals. Fasting for 10–12 h prior to each visit, saturation responses were measured using a visual analog scale at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Blood samples were also collected to assess blood glucose and insulin levels. Results: The study revealed that cakes containing chia and flaxseeds, compared to the standard cake, as well as flaxseed-added cake compared to chia-added cake, resulted in higher plasma glucose under-curve values and saturation responses and lower hunger responses (P=0.038, P=0.016, P=0.004, respectively). Conclusion: The findings indicate that both chia and flax seeds impact glycemic control and the sensation of satiety, with flaxseed exhibiting greater effectiveness than chia.
{"title":"Does flaxseed and chia use affect postprandial glucose, insulin and subjective saturation response in healthy individuals?","authors":"Özlem Özpak Akkuş, Y. Özdemir, Çağla Özbek, B. Öncel, Betül Yapıcı Nane","doi":"10.28982/josam.7812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7812","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its complications, along with a growing awareness of healthy nutrition. As a result, consumers are seeking to incorporate more functional foods into their diets. Chia and flax seeds have gained popularity due to their soluble fiber and antioxidant capacity. This study aims to compare the effects of consuming cakes made with the addition of chia and flax seeds on blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as evaluate their impact on post-consumption satiety response in individuals.\u0000Methods: This randomized, double-blind, self-controlled experimental study involved 12 volunteers (19–64 years old) who were free from acute or chronic diseases. The participants had a body mass index (BMI) value between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 and a Beck Depression Inventory score of 8 or below. The study investigated the effects of standard and test cakes containing 50 g of digestible carbohydrates, including chia-added cake, flaxseed-added cake, and chia+flaxseed-added cake. Postprandial blood sugar, insulin, and subjective satiety responses were assessed. A standard nutrition program (diet: 60% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) was implemented at least one week before the study, and participants were asked to maintain 24-h food consumption records the day before the test days. Throughout the study period, individuals were instructed to avoid caffeine, medication, nutritional supplements, and heavy physical activity. Cake consumption sessions were conducted at the research center, with participants visiting four times in total, with at least 1-week intervals. Fasting for 10–12 h prior to each visit, saturation responses were measured using a visual analog scale at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Blood samples were also collected to assess blood glucose and insulin levels.\u0000Results: The study revealed that cakes containing chia and flaxseeds, compared to the standard cake, as well as flaxseed-added cake compared to chia-added cake, resulted in higher plasma glucose under-curve values and saturation responses and lower hunger responses (P=0.038, P=0.016, P=0.004, respectively).\u0000Conclusion: The findings indicate that both chia and flax seeds impact glycemic control and the sensation of satiety, with flaxseed exhibiting greater effectiveness than chia.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76005884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservative treatment for esophageal perforations can cause problems related to both nutrition and wound healing in pediatric patients due to its long duration. This case report presents a 14-month-old female patient who underwent endoscopic balloon dilatation for esophageal stricture. The patient had been operated on for esophageal atresia in the neonatal period. Eight hours after discharge, the patient was hospitalized again due to esophageal perforation. Although conservative treatment lasting three weeks was the preferred method, it was unsuccessful. Therefore, a fully covered biliary stent was used instead of an esophageal stent, as the appropriate size stent could not be found. The stent sealed the perforation, and the patient started to be fed orally on the third day. The esophageal stent was removed on the 17th day, and no leakage was observed on the esophagogram. Although conservative methods are the first-line treatment for esophageal perforations in children, their long duration and the inability to feed for a long time are significant disadvantages. Fully covered self-expandable esophageal stents may be a reliable alternative for sealing esophageal perforations in pediatric patients, as they are in adults.
{"title":"Sealing of esophageal perforation with a fully covered biliary stent in a pediatric patient","authors":"M. Okumuş","doi":"10.28982/josam.7369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7369","url":null,"abstract":"Conservative treatment for esophageal perforations can cause problems related to both nutrition and wound healing in pediatric patients due to its long duration. This case report presents a 14-month-old female patient who underwent endoscopic balloon dilatation for esophageal stricture. The patient had been operated on for esophageal atresia in the neonatal period. Eight hours after discharge, the patient was hospitalized again due to esophageal perforation. Although conservative treatment lasting three weeks was the preferred method, it was unsuccessful. Therefore, a fully covered biliary stent was used instead of an esophageal stent, as the appropriate size stent could not be found. The stent sealed the perforation, and the patient started to be fed orally on the third day. The esophageal stent was removed on the 17th day, and no leakage was observed on the esophagogram. Although conservative methods are the first-line treatment for esophageal perforations in children, their long duration and the inability to feed for a long time are significant disadvantages. Fully covered self-expandable esophageal stents may be a reliable alternative for sealing esophageal perforations in pediatric patients, as they are in adults.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81845415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: The differential diagnosis of solitary brain tumors poses challenges for clinicians and radiologists, often leading to invasive biopsy procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the variations in edema volume and diffusion characteristics between the tumor core and peritumoral zone in cases of glioblastoma, brain metastasis, and central nervous system lymphoma. The aim was to identify additional parameters for conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could aid in the differential diagnosis. Methods: A total of 39 patients (13 with central nervous system lymphoma, 13 with glioblastoma, and 13 with brain metastases) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated from the ADC maps obtained from Brain MRI for both the lesion and peritumoral region. Additionally, the largest diameter of the vasogenic edema-mass complex was measured using T2 sequences. In the contrast-enhanced series, the largest diameter of the metastatic lesion was measured. The edema-mass ratio was determined by dividing the diameter of the edema-mass complex by the diameter of the mass. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the edema-mass ratio among the tumor types (P=0.008). Further analysis using Bonferroni correction revealed that this difference was primarily due to glioblastoma. Compared to patients with lymphoma and brain metastases, lesions diagnosed as glioblastoma exhibited a lower edema-mass ratio. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in the ADC value measured from the lesion according to the tumor type (P=0.017). It was determined that lesions associated with central nervous system lymphoma had lower ADC values than those with glioblastoma. Conclusion: Including lesional and perilesional ADC values obtained through diffusion-weighted examination and edema mass ratio measurements may enhance the accuracy of differential diagnosis. Utilizing these imaging characteristics in a multiparametric approach, as suggested by this research, can improve the accuracy of diagnosing malignant cancers, thereby enabling better patient management and treatment decisions.
{"title":"Differentiation of glioblastoma, brain metastases and central nervous system lymphomas using amount of vasogenic edema and diffusion MR imaging of tumor core and peritumoral zone- Searching for a practical approach","authors":"Ezel Yaltırık Bilgin, Ö. Ünal","doi":"10.28982/josam.7504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7504","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: The differential diagnosis of solitary brain tumors poses challenges for clinicians and radiologists, often leading to invasive biopsy procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the variations in edema volume and diffusion characteristics between the tumor core and peritumoral zone in cases of glioblastoma, brain metastasis, and central nervous system lymphoma. The aim was to identify additional parameters for conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could aid in the differential diagnosis.\u0000Methods: A total of 39 patients (13 with central nervous system lymphoma, 13 with glioblastoma, and 13 with brain metastases) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated from the ADC maps obtained from Brain MRI for both the lesion and peritumoral region. Additionally, the largest diameter of the vasogenic edema-mass complex was measured using T2 sequences. In the contrast-enhanced series, the largest diameter of the metastatic lesion was measured. The edema-mass ratio was determined by dividing the diameter of the edema-mass complex by the diameter of the mass.\u0000Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the edema-mass ratio among the tumor types (P=0.008). Further analysis using Bonferroni correction revealed that this difference was primarily due to glioblastoma. Compared to patients with lymphoma and brain metastases, lesions diagnosed as glioblastoma exhibited a lower edema-mass ratio. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in the ADC value measured from the lesion according to the tumor type (P=0.017). It was determined that lesions associated with central nervous system lymphoma had lower ADC values than those with glioblastoma.\u0000Conclusion: Including lesional and perilesional ADC values obtained through diffusion-weighted examination and edema mass ratio measurements may enhance the accuracy of differential diagnosis. Utilizing these imaging characteristics in a multiparametric approach, as suggested by this research, can improve the accuracy of diagnosing malignant cancers, thereby enabling better patient management and treatment decisions.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79668217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Acute cholecystitis most often occurs as an acute exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis. In over 90% of patients, the primary factor in the development of acute cholecystitis is the obstruction of the gallbladder or cystic duct with an impacted calculus. In less than 10% of patients, acute cholecystitis can be attributed to other causes: direct trauma to the biliary tract, torsion of the gallbladder, twisting of the vascular loop after surgical procedures on the abdominal organs, and Salmonella typhi infection. The aim of this study is to compare preoperative variables in patients with acute cholecystitis, which are not only important for diagnosis but also have significance in determining the severity of acute cholecystitis in the preoperative period. Methods: This retrospective systematic research included all clinical cases diagnosed with acute cholecystitis from January 2019 to December 2019, totaling 56 patients at CHC Kosovska Mitrovica. For the study, data from medical records were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 56 patients (mean age 53 years; 26 men and 30 women) were included in this study. Among them, 32 patients (57.15%) had characteristics of simple cholecystitis, while 24 patients (42.85%) had severe cholecystitis. The group with severe cholecystitis consisted of older patients, with equal representation of both sexes, and higher levels of WBC, NE%, PLT, ALT, GGT, total bilirubin, and CRP (P<0.05). Imaging studies showed that the group with severe cholecystitis exhibited significantly more wall distension, particularly in the stratified wall, compared to the group with simple cholecystitis (P<0.05). Severe cholecystitis was associated with statin use (79.2%) and triglyceride values of 1.55 (0.47); both variables showed a statistically significant association with severe cholecystitis (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is extremely important to skillfully identify patients with simple or severe forms of acute cholecystitis. Possible solutions include organizing campaigns to raise public awareness for faster consultations in cases of acute abdominal pain, establishing universal health coverage (diet), and improving technical platforms.
{"title":"Assessment of the risk for cholecystitis when performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Kasalovic Mladen, Jakovljević Aleksandar, Igrutinović Gojko, Miljković Nikola, Rakić Dalibor, Milentijević Milica","doi":"10.28982/josam.7553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7553","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Acute cholecystitis most often occurs as an acute exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis. In over 90% of patients, the primary factor in the development of acute cholecystitis is the obstruction of the gallbladder or cystic duct with an impacted calculus. In less than 10% of patients, acute cholecystitis can be attributed to other causes: direct trauma to the biliary tract, torsion of the gallbladder, twisting of the vascular loop after surgical procedures on the abdominal organs, and Salmonella typhi infection. The aim of this study is to compare preoperative variables in patients with acute cholecystitis, which are not only important for diagnosis but also have significance in determining the severity of acute cholecystitis in the preoperative period.\u0000Methods: This retrospective systematic research included all clinical cases diagnosed with acute cholecystitis from January 2019 to December 2019, totaling 56 patients at CHC Kosovska Mitrovica. For the study, data from medical records were used for statistical analysis.\u0000Results: A total of 56 patients (mean age 53 years; 26 men and 30 women) were included in this study. Among them, 32 patients (57.15%) had characteristics of simple cholecystitis, while 24 patients (42.85%) had severe cholecystitis. The group with severe cholecystitis consisted of older patients, with equal representation of both sexes, and higher levels of WBC, NE%, PLT, ALT, GGT, total bilirubin, and CRP (P<0.05). Imaging studies showed that the group with severe cholecystitis exhibited significantly more wall distension, particularly in the stratified wall, compared to the group with simple cholecystitis (P<0.05). Severe cholecystitis was associated with statin use (79.2%) and triglyceride values of 1.55 (0.47); both variables showed a statistically significant association with severe cholecystitis (P<0.05).\u0000Conclusion: It is extremely important to skillfully identify patients with simple or severe forms of acute cholecystitis. Possible solutions include organizing campaigns to raise public awareness for faster consultations in cases of acute abdominal pain, establishing universal health coverage (diet), and improving technical platforms.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89339564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed a significant psychological burden on healthcare professionals. This study aims to identify the anxiety levels of healthcare professionals and non-healthcare personnel during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare professionals during the pandemic, and we attempted to reach all personnel without setting a specific sample size. Participants completed a survey that included demographic information and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We compared anxiety scores and working conditions between healthcare and non-healthcare personnel during the pandemic. Results: Our study included 204 personnel, with 45.1% being healthcare professionals and 54.9% non-healthcare professionals. The mean state anxiety score for all participants was 44.7 (10.3). Female professionals, those working in intensive care, and personnel who believed they lacked sufficient protection training had significantly higher mean anxiety scores (P=0.001, P=0.006, P<0.001, respectively). Participants with mild or no problems initiating and maintaining sleep and waking up early had lower mean anxiety scores (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between healthcare professionals and non-healthcare personnel in mean scores (P=0.59). Conclusion: Our study found that all personnel experienced medium-level anxiety during the pandemic, indicating an increased risk for hospital staff. The fact that non-healthcare personnel had similar anxiety scores to healthcare professionals highlights the need for psychosocial interventions to support all hospital staff, regardless of their role in patient care.
{"title":"The anxiety level of healthcare professionals and hospital support staff during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. Salcan, Talat Ezmeci","doi":"10.28982/josam.7705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7705","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed a significant psychological burden on healthcare professionals. This study aims to identify the anxiety levels of healthcare professionals and non-healthcare personnel during the pandemic.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare professionals during the pandemic, and we attempted to reach all personnel without setting a specific sample size. Participants completed a survey that included demographic information and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We compared anxiety scores and working conditions between healthcare and non-healthcare personnel during the pandemic.\u0000Results: Our study included 204 personnel, with 45.1% being healthcare professionals and 54.9% non-healthcare professionals. The mean state anxiety score for all participants was 44.7 (10.3). Female professionals, those working in intensive care, and personnel who believed they lacked sufficient protection training had significantly higher mean anxiety scores (P=0.001, P=0.006, P<0.001, respectively). Participants with mild or no problems initiating and maintaining sleep and waking up early had lower mean anxiety scores (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between healthcare professionals and non-healthcare personnel in mean scores (P=0.59).\u0000Conclusion: Our study found that all personnel experienced medium-level anxiety during the pandemic, indicating an increased risk for hospital staff. The fact that non-healthcare personnel had similar anxiety scores to healthcare professionals highlights the need for psychosocial interventions to support all hospital staff, regardless of their role in patient care.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79334338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease with an increasing incidence worldwide and its effects are being seen in many countries. Insulin resistance is the main factor in the pathophysiology. T2DM leads to an increase in mortality and morbidity due to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are effective parameters in monitoring the inflammatory response. The primary aim of this study was to investigate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by focusing on their correlation with inflammatory markers, such as NLR and PLR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose levels. Methods: The present study was carried out in 2022 within the purview of the Internal Medicine Clinic at Balikesir İvrindi State Hospital. Data from the initial annual consultations of patients with T2DM, either newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed and visiting for follow-up, were utilized. Our study excluded patients under the age of 18 and those diagnosed with cirrhosis, heart failure, type 1 diabetes mellitus, malignancy, epilepsy, acute infection, pregnancy, or chronic inflammatory disease. We further excluded those on medications including steroids, antivirals, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antithyroids, and chemotherapeutic drugs that impact the leukocyte count. Based on their HbA1c levels, patients were systematically categorized into two distinct cohorts: those with controlled blood sugar (HbA1c ≤7%) and those with uncontrolled blood sugar (HbA1c >7%). In the ambit of this study, we incorporated data from 205 patients. We employed a cross-sectional study that retrospectively examined the correlation between NLR, PLR, and glycemic regulation in T2DM patients. SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform statistical calculations. Results: It was observed that patients with poor glycemic control had longer disease durations and this disparity bore statistical significance (P=0.005). Patients exhibiting poor glycemic control demonstrated elevated levels of CRP (C-reactive protein), a difference that reached statistical significance (P=0.003). The group exhibiting poor glycemic control demonstrated a notable elevation in NLR, indicating statistical significance (P=0.001). Although it was not statistically significant, PLR was found to be higher in patients with uncontrolled T2DM (P=0.441). Conclusion: This research investigates the correlation between HbA1c levels and inflammatory markers, specifically NLR and TLR, in T2DM patients who exhibit poor control of glycemia. Our findings highlight the potential of these markers as indicators of glycemic control, thus emphasizing the need for integrated strategies for managing inflammation and improving glycemic control in T2DM patients. The novelty of this area of research contributes to the scarcity of available literature, underlining the importance and timeliness of this study. Based on our findin
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and glycemic regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus followed up at an internal medicine outpatient clinic","authors":"Atay Can Kula","doi":"10.28982/josam.7795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7795","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease with an increasing incidence worldwide and its effects are being seen in many countries. Insulin resistance is the main factor in the pathophysiology. T2DM leads to an increase in mortality and morbidity due to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are effective parameters in monitoring the inflammatory response. The primary aim of this study was to investigate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by focusing on their correlation with inflammatory markers, such as NLR and PLR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose levels.\u0000Methods: The present study was carried out in 2022 within the purview of the Internal Medicine Clinic at Balikesir İvrindi State Hospital. Data from the initial annual consultations of patients with T2DM, either newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed and visiting for follow-up, were utilized. Our study excluded patients under the age of 18 and those diagnosed with cirrhosis, heart failure, type 1 diabetes mellitus, malignancy, epilepsy, acute infection, pregnancy, or chronic inflammatory disease. We further excluded those on medications including steroids, antivirals, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antithyroids, and chemotherapeutic drugs that impact the leukocyte count. Based on their HbA1c levels, patients were systematically categorized into two distinct cohorts: those with controlled blood sugar (HbA1c ≤7%) and those with uncontrolled blood sugar (HbA1c >7%). In the ambit of this study, we incorporated data from 205 patients. We employed a cross-sectional study that retrospectively examined the correlation between NLR, PLR, and glycemic regulation in T2DM patients. SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform statistical calculations.\u0000Results: It was observed that patients with poor glycemic control had longer disease durations and this disparity bore statistical significance (P=0.005). Patients exhibiting poor glycemic control demonstrated elevated levels of CRP (C-reactive protein), a difference that reached statistical significance (P=0.003). The group exhibiting poor glycemic control demonstrated a notable elevation in NLR, indicating statistical significance (P=0.001). Although it was not statistically significant, PLR was found to be higher in patients with uncontrolled T2DM (P=0.441).\u0000Conclusion: This research investigates the correlation between HbA1c levels and inflammatory markers, specifically NLR and TLR, in T2DM patients who exhibit poor control of glycemia. Our findings highlight the potential of these markers as indicators of glycemic control, thus emphasizing the need for integrated strategies for managing inflammation and improving glycemic control in T2DM patients. The novelty of this area of research contributes to the scarcity of available literature, underlining the importance and timeliness of this study. Based on our findin","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87737825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to determine the severity of AKI according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and evaluate its relationship with mortality in patients who were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to sepsis and developed AKI. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with sepsis and followed up in the ICU, including all patients with AKI. The severity of AKI was determined for all patients using the KDIGO criteria. The patients were divided into four groups: Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and without AKI. Patients with missing data, COVID-19 patients, patients with chronic kidney insufficiency, and kidney transplant patients were excluded. Results: A total of 1,177 sepsis patients were included in the study, of whom 52.4% were male (n=617). The median age of the study group was 78 years (Q1-Q3: 68-85 years). It was determined that 57.9% of the patients (n=681) developed AKI at any stage. According to the KDIGO criteria, the rates of patients in Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 developing AKI were 23.9%, 16.2%, and 17.8%, respectively. The incidence of hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which are comorbidities, increased as the patients’ KDIGO stage increased (P<0.001). Conclusion: AKI occurred in 57.9% of sepsis patients in the ICU, and 30.4% received renal replacement therapy (RRT). It was determined that mortality increased as the KDIGO stage of our patients increased.
{"title":"The relationship of KDIGO classification and incidence & mortality of acute kidney injury in sepsis patients in intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Bilge Banu Taşdemir Mecit, M. Deniz","doi":"10.28982/josam.7827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7827","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to determine the severity of AKI according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and evaluate its relationship with mortality in patients who were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to sepsis and developed AKI.\u0000Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with sepsis and followed up in the ICU, including all patients with AKI. The severity of AKI was determined for all patients using the KDIGO criteria. The patients were divided into four groups: Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and without AKI. Patients with missing data, COVID-19 patients, patients with chronic kidney insufficiency, and kidney transplant patients were excluded.\u0000Results: A total of 1,177 sepsis patients were included in the study, of whom 52.4% were male (n=617). The median age of the study group was 78 years (Q1-Q3: 68-85 years). It was determined that 57.9% of the patients (n=681) developed AKI at any stage. According to the KDIGO criteria, the rates of patients in Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 developing AKI were 23.9%, 16.2%, and 17.8%, respectively. The incidence of hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which are comorbidities, increased as the patients’ KDIGO stage increased (P<0.001).\u0000Conclusion: AKI occurred in 57.9% of sepsis patients in the ICU, and 30.4% received renal replacement therapy (RRT). It was determined that mortality increased as the KDIGO stage of our patients increased.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"1198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72694307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of various organs. Due to the lack of a widely-accepted biomarker, researchers have explored alternative and previously unexplored parameters in sarcoidosis. This study aimed to investigate the utility of various markers, including the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), in patients with sarcoidosis. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between January 2019 and February 2023. The study included 75 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis, and 93 healthy individuals matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Sarcoidosis-related features, such as lung stage and extrapulmonary involvement, were recorded. The researchers investigated SII, PIV, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), other biochemical results, and complete blood counts (including neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet counts, hemoglobin, mean platelet volume [MPV], and red cell distribution width [RDW]). Results: The age and sex distribution were similar in both the case and control groups (P=0.258 and P=0.196, respectively). The patient group had a significantly lower absolute lymphocyte count than the control group (P=0.035). Patients’ RDW (P=0.007), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.028), and ESR (P<0.001) values were significantly higher compared to controls. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding other variables, including PIV and SII. There was a significant weak positive correlation between PIV and lung stage, as well as between MPV and the presence of erythema nodosum. Conclusion: PIV and SII values in patients with sarcoidosis were similar to controls. The positive correlations between PIV and lung stage and between MPV and erythema nodosum suggest potential relationships with sarcoidosis-related features and demonstrate the value of these readily available and inexpensive markers in patient management. Comprehensive studies are needed to clarify whether SII and/or PIV can be used to assess the characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis.
{"title":"Pan-immune-inflammation value and systemic immune-inflammation index: Are they useful markers in sarcoidosis?","authors":"Adem Ertürk, A. Balcı","doi":"10.28982/josam.7823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7823","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of various organs. Due to the lack of a widely-accepted biomarker, researchers have explored alternative and previously unexplored parameters in sarcoidosis. This study aimed to investigate the utility of various markers, including the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), in patients with sarcoidosis.\u0000Methods: A case-control study was conducted between January 2019 and February 2023. The study included 75 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis, and 93 healthy individuals matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Sarcoidosis-related features, such as lung stage and extrapulmonary involvement, were recorded. The researchers investigated SII, PIV, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), other biochemical results, and complete blood counts (including neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet counts, hemoglobin, mean platelet volume [MPV], and red cell distribution width [RDW]).\u0000Results: The age and sex distribution were similar in both the case and control groups (P=0.258 and P=0.196, respectively). The patient group had a significantly lower absolute lymphocyte count than the control group (P=0.035). Patients’ RDW (P=0.007), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.028), and ESR (P<0.001) values were significantly higher compared to controls. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding other variables, including PIV and SII. There was a significant weak positive correlation between PIV and lung stage, as well as between MPV and the presence of erythema nodosum.\u0000Conclusion: PIV and SII values in patients with sarcoidosis were similar to controls. The positive correlations between PIV and lung stage and between MPV and erythema nodosum suggest potential relationships with sarcoidosis-related features and demonstrate the value of these readily available and inexpensive markers in patient management. Comprehensive studies are needed to clarify whether SII and/or PIV can be used to assess the characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74205954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: The use of doxorubicin is limited due to its toxic effects on normal cells. A substance containing antioxidant properties, such as taraxacum officinale, would be useful in preventing doxorubicin toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taraxacum officinale on doxorubicin-induced damage in the rat liver. Methods: Forty Wistar albino rats were allocated into four groups. In group 1 (control group), no treatment was given. In group 2 (Taraxacum officinale, group T), 100 mg/kg Taraxacum officinale was administered via the gavage route for 10 days. In group 3 (doxorubicin, group D), a single intraperitoneal dose of 40 mg/kg doxorubicin was given. In group 4 (doxorubicin + Taraxacum officinale, group D+T), a single intraperitoneal dose of 40 mg/kg doxorubicin was administered on the eighth day, and 100 mg/kg Taraxacum officinale was administered for 10 days. Blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Histopathology was assessed by examining preparations of hepatic tissue with light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results: MDA levels were significantly higher, and the activities of SOD and CAT were lower in group D than in group D+T (P=0.04). Tissue damage was significantly higher in group D than in group D+T (P=0.03). Conclusion: Our short-term results indicate that oxidative stress could be responsible for the damage to liver tissue due to doxorubicin, and Taraxacum officinale might reverse these harmful effects.
{"title":"Efficacy of Taraxacum officinale in liver damage caused by doxorubicin in rats","authors":"Ö. Kara, A. Kilitçi","doi":"10.28982/josam.7464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7464","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: The use of doxorubicin is limited due to its toxic effects on normal cells. A substance containing antioxidant properties, such as taraxacum officinale, would be useful in preventing doxorubicin toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taraxacum officinale on doxorubicin-induced damage in the rat liver.\u0000Methods: Forty Wistar albino rats were allocated into four groups. In group 1 (control group), no treatment was given. In group 2 (Taraxacum officinale, group T), 100 mg/kg Taraxacum officinale was administered via the gavage route for 10 days. In group 3 (doxorubicin, group D), a single intraperitoneal dose of 40 mg/kg doxorubicin was given. In group 4 (doxorubicin + Taraxacum officinale, group D+T), a single intraperitoneal dose of 40 mg/kg doxorubicin was administered on the eighth day, and 100 mg/kg Taraxacum officinale was administered for 10 days. Blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Histopathology was assessed by examining preparations of hepatic tissue with light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.\u0000Results: MDA levels were significantly higher, and the activities of SOD and CAT were lower in group D than in group D+T (P=0.04). Tissue damage was significantly higher in group D than in group D+T (P=0.03).\u0000Conclusion: Our short-term results indicate that oxidative stress could be responsible for the damage to liver tissue due to doxorubicin, and Taraxacum officinale might reverse these harmful effects.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83945242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many health care workers had to perform jobs that were not in their area of expertise. That the disease is a newly defined disease and that it required health care workers to work outside of their fields may have affected their stress levels. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, the sense of self-efficacy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, and perceived stress levels of physicians working in a university hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The population included in this study was 327 physicians working in a university hospital at the time of the pandemic. No sampling was performed for this study. This study was completed by a total of 108 physicians (participation level: 33.03%). After being informed about this study, the physicians were asked whether they agreed to participate. Research data were collected with a questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. The questionnaire included questions about physicians' sociodemographic characteristics and feelings of self-efficacy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Results: The total number of skills physicians reported they could perform was higher among specialist physicians and faculty members, those 34 years and older, and those who received training on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and virus prevention (P=0.04; P=0.01; P<0.001; P<0.001; P<0.001, respectively). In addition, perceived stress levels (PSLs) were found to be lower among those who reported a high total number of skills they could perform, as assessed by the self-efficacy questions (P=0.04). Conclusion: Although the PSLs of physicians were high, this is expected in a state of emergency such as the pandemic. The sense of self-efficacy regarding COVID-19 improved with training and professional experience. In-service training and shared experiences can both decrease PSLs and improve self-efficacy.
{"title":"The relationship of stress, self-efficacy and sociodemographic factors among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Burcu Beyazgül, Çiğdem Cindoğlu, I. Koruk","doi":"10.28982/josam.7379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7379","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many health care workers had to perform jobs that were not in their area of expertise. That the disease is a newly defined disease and that it required health care workers to work outside of their fields may have affected their stress levels. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, the sense of self-efficacy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, and perceived stress levels of physicians working in a university hospital.\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The population included in this study was 327 physicians working in a university hospital at the time of the pandemic. No sampling was performed for this study. This study was completed by a total of 108 physicians (participation level: 33.03%). After being informed about this study, the physicians were asked whether they agreed to participate. Research data were collected with a questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. The questionnaire included questions about physicians' sociodemographic characteristics and feelings of self-efficacy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.\u0000Results: The total number of skills physicians reported they could perform was higher among specialist physicians and faculty members, those 34 years and older, and those who received training on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and virus prevention (P=0.04; P=0.01; P<0.001; P<0.001; P<0.001, respectively). In addition, perceived stress levels (PSLs) were found to be lower among those who reported a high total number of skills they could perform, as assessed by the self-efficacy questions (P=0.04).\u0000Conclusion: Although the PSLs of physicians were high, this is expected in a state of emergency such as the pandemic. The sense of self-efficacy regarding COVID-19 improved with training and professional experience. In-service training and shared experiences can both decrease PSLs and improve self-efficacy.","PeriodicalId":30878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery and Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74449414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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