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Evading the “Entrepreneurial Blocks” through Entrepreneurial Marketing Education in Vocational High Schools in an Emerging Country 新兴国家职业高中创业营销教育规避“创业障碍”
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i2.1202
Jony Oktavian Haryanto, H. Widyanto, H. Suryanto, A. S. Santoso
Entrepreneurial marketing education is considered an essential platform to stimulate successful entrepreneurs, especially for vocational high school (SMK) graduates in Indonesia, which has the highest open unemployment rate and mostly comes from low-income backgrounds. Hence, the researchers investigated why most SMK graduates, supposedly skilful, do not opt for entrepreneurship. This is an under-researched study that could carry enormous implications. The researchers interviewed participants from SMKs in Mataram, Indonesia, three entrepreneurship teachers and six students of entrepreneurship classes from grades 10 to 12. They referred to the extant literature as a basis for a proposed “Entrepreneurial Blocks” framework to explain the barriers and supporting factors for becoming an entrepreneur. Our findings show that entrepreneurial mindset, starting capital, challenges, risk aversion, and limited skills and resources were part of the entrepreneurial blocks. Conversely, working experience, desire for freedom, and the need for achievements were considered the factors to evade the entrepreneurial blocks for SMK graduates.
创业营销教育被认为是激励成功企业家的重要平台,尤其是对印度尼西亚职业高中毕业生来说,该国的公开失业率最高,大多来自低收入背景。因此,研究人员调查了为什么大多数SMK毕业生,据说技术娴熟,不选择创业。这是一项研究不足的研究,可能会产生巨大的影响。研究人员采访了来自印度尼西亚马塔拉姆SMK的参与者、三名创业教师和六名10至12年级创业班的学生。他们将现有文献作为拟议的“创业块”框架的基础,以解释成为企业家的障碍和支持因素。我们的研究结果表明,创业心态、创业资金、挑战、风险规避以及有限的技能和资源是创业障碍的一部分。相反,工作经验、对自由的渴望和对成就的需求被认为是SMK毕业生规避创业障碍的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Does Live Stream Selling Affect Customer Engagement and Purchase Intention? The Shopee Live Platform Case Study 直播销售会影响客户参与度和购买意愿吗?Shopee直播平台案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i2.1201
Ari Arisman, Salehudin Imam
Manuscript type: Empirical paper Research Aims: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how customer shopping values (utilitarian, hedonic, and symbolic) influence customer trust, engagement, and purchase intention for live stream selling on e-commerce marketplace platforms. Design/methodology/approach: The information was gathered online from 225 valid respondents. Respondents are Shopee users from Indonesia who have watched Shopee Live stream selling within the last two weeks. The data was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with LISREL 8.51. Research Findings: The findings revealed that only symbolic value affects purchase intention, both directly and indirectly, whereas hedonic value affects purchase intention directly. Utilitarian value influences purchase intent indirectly through product trust and customer engagement. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study adds to the body of knowledge about online commerce by expanding on previous research on live stream selling, particularly by small sellers on Indonesian e-commerce platforms. Practitioner/Policy Implication: According to the findings of this study, small sellers doing Live Stream selling should focus on symbolic and hedonic value to increase customer purchase intention. Research limitation/Implications: The study's respondents may only represent some of the population of Indonesian online shoppers. Future research could consider balancing the types of respondents. In addition to enhancing the insight, the research model could be expanded by including additional antecedents or moderators.
手稿类型:实证论文研究目的:本文的目的是调查客户购物价值观(功利性、享乐性和象征性)如何影响电子商务市场平台上直播销售的客户信任、参与度和购买意愿。设计/方法/方法:这些信息是从225名有效的受访者那里在线收集的。受访者是来自印度尼西亚的Shopee用户,他们在过去两周内观看了Shopee直播销售。使用结构方程建模(SEM)和LISREL 8.51对数据进行分析。研究结果:研究结果表明,只有象征价值直接和间接地影响购买意愿,而享乐价值直接影响购买意愿。功利主义价值通过产品信任和客户参与间接影响购买意图。理论贡献/独创性:这项研究通过扩展之前对直播销售的研究,特别是对印尼电子商务平台上的小卖家的研究,增加了关于在线商务的知识。从业者/政策含义:根据这项研究的结果,进行直播销售的小卖家应该关注象征性和享乐价值,以提高客户的购买意愿。研究局限性/影响:该研究的受访者可能只代表印尼网购人群的一部分。未来的研究可以考虑平衡受访者的类型。除了增强洞察力外,研究模型还可以通过包括额外的前因或调节因子来扩展。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Country of Origin and Social Media Opinion Leaders on Purchase Intention for Wuling Vehicles 原产国和社交媒体意见领袖对五菱汽车购买意愿的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i2.1203
Fandis Ekyawan, Marufa Rahman
Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: This research objective was to analyse the influence of country of origin, trust, price perception, perceived quality and social media opinion leader on Wuling purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted quantitatively by distributing questionnaires to 234 respondents who are over 20 years old and know about Wuling and selected YouTube channels. Data was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method with the LISREL software application. Research Findings: The results of this study indicate that there is a positive significant impact relationship between country of origin (country-related products) and trust in the purchase intention of Wuling vehicles as well as the relationship of the negative significant impact of country of origin (country-related effect) on trust and social media opinion leaders on purchase intention of Wuling vehicles. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The findings of this study can explain the importance of country of origin cues and social media opinion leader effect on customer behaviour in their decision-making. Practitioner/Policy Implication: The managerial implication of the research is that Wuling has to reduce brand associations with China to compete in Indonesia, and Wuling has to improve the product quality, after-sales service, ease of getting spare parts and continuous innovation to get an impact and positive response. Research limitation/Implications: This study has limitations; first, the research data only relies on one platform (YouTube) in Indonesia to test hypotheses. Second, the survey was about vehicles.
研究目的:本研究的目的是分析原产国、信任、价格感知、感知质量和社交媒体意见领袖对五菱购买意愿的影响。设计/方法/方法:本研究通过向234名20岁以上、了解五菱和选定YouTube频道的受访者发放问卷进行定量研究。应用LISREL软件,采用结构方程建模(SEM)方法对数据进行分析。研究发现:本研究结果表明,原产国(与国家相关的产品)与信任对五菱汽车购买意愿存在正向显著影响关系,原产国(与国家相关的效应)对信任和社交媒体意见领袖对五菱汽车购买意愿存在负向显著影响关系。理论贡献/独创性:本研究的发现可以解释原产国线索和社交媒体意见领袖对消费者决策行为的重要性。实践者/政策启示:本研究的管理启示是,五菱必须减少与中国的品牌联想,才能在印度尼西亚竞争,五菱必须提高产品质量、售后服务、备件获取便利性和持续创新,才能获得影响和积极的回应。研究局限性/启示:本研究存在局限性;首先,研究数据只依赖于印度尼西亚的一个平台(YouTube)来检验假设。其次,调查是关于车辆的。
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引用次数: 0
Neuromarketing Study: The Effect of Jingle on Consumer Behavior 神经营销学研究:广告歌对消费者行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i2.1204
Hilman Fauzi, Rafif Rizqullah, Maya Ariyanti, Ivy Anindhita Hadyningtyas
Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: This research investigates the impact of a jingle associated with a top-brand product on consumer behavior, as assessed through short-term memory activity in the brain. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from six participants, three men and three women aged 19-24. The Contec KT88-1016 Digital 16-Channel EEG machine and the Mapping System device were used to retrieve the data. The channel selection was employed to identify the optimal channel based on L2-norm energy calculations performed on the EEG channels within the short-term memory area. Research Findings: The frontal area exhibited higher energy levels than other areas, with the highest point observed in channel F4. A jingle in a product was found to stimulate short-term memory, influencing consumer behaviour. This influence was evidenced by the representation of channel energy in the EEG, showing a higher value compared to the average energy value in general. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study successfully demonstrated that EEG signals stimulated by jingles could assess consumer behaviour responses when provided with auditory incentives. The findings are explicitly linked to activating the brain's short-term memory area. Practitioner/Policy Implication: Brands with top brand categories have higher signal energy than non-top brands. Research limitation/Implications: Only limited to the data collection process carried out by environmental engineering, which is made closer to the actual situation.
研究目的:本研究调查了与顶级品牌产品相关的叮当声对消费者行为的影响,通过大脑中的短期记忆活动来评估。设计/方法/方法:数据收集自6名参与者,3名男性和3名女性,年龄19-24岁。使用Contec KT88-1016数字16通道脑电图机和Mapping System设备检索数据。通道选择是基于短期记忆区域内脑电通道的l2范数能量计算来确定最优通道。研究发现:额叶区比其他区域表现出更高的能量水平,其中F4通道最高。研究发现,产品中的叮当声可以刺激短期记忆,影响消费者的行为。这种影响可以通过脑电中通道能量的表示来证明,与一般的平均能量值相比,通道能量的表示显示出更高的值。理论贡献/独创性:本研究成功地证明了在提供听觉刺激的情况下,叮当声刺激的脑电图信号可以评估消费者的行为反应。这些发现与激活大脑的短期记忆区域有明确的联系。从业者/政策启示:顶级品牌类别的品牌比非顶级品牌具有更高的信号能量。研究局限/启示:仅局限于环境工程进行的数据收集过程,更接近实际情况。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting Integrated Mobile Advertising Model in Indonesia: A Replication Study 印尼综合移动广告模式再探:一项复制研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i1.1148
Naufal Pradipta, A. S. Santoso, L. Nelloh
Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: Kim's previous study proposed a web advertising model such as personalization and flow theory toward purchase intention and its antecedents. The current research will re-assess the model in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) toward 211 respondents Research Findings: This study showed that credibility is insignificant to advertising value and flow experience, and entertainment and incentives are insignificant to flow experience. Thus, informativeness is insignificant to advertising value and flow experience. Hence irritation is also insignificant to advertising value and flow experience. However, personalization showed a significant effect on flow experience but insignificant toward advertising value. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Insignificant effect of the web advertising model, such as personalization and flow theory toward purchase intention and its antecedents Practitioner/Policy Implication: The promotion process on smartphone media to implement the web advertising model. Keywords: Replication, Advertising, Flow Experience, Smartphone
手稿类型:研究文章研究目的:金之前的研究提出了一种针对购买意愿及其前因的网络广告模型,如个性化和流量理论。目前的研究将在印度尼西亚重新评估该模型。设计/方法/方法:对211名受访者使用结构方程建模(SEM)研究结果:该研究表明,可信度对广告价值和流量体验不重要,娱乐和激励对流量体验不显著。因此,信息性对于广告价值和流量体验来说是微不足道的。因此,刺激对于广告价值和流量体验来说也是微不足道的。然而,个性化对流量体验的影响显著,但对广告价值的影响不显著。理论贡献/独创性:网络广告模式的显著影响,如个性化和流量理论对购买意图及其前因的影响。从业者/政策含义:在智能手机媒体上实施网络广告模型的推广过程。关键词:复制,广告,流量体验,智能手机
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引用次数: 0
For Mod’s Sake! The Role of Perceived Brand Image, Brand Identification, and Online Community Environments in Building Brand Love 看在国防部的份上!感知品牌形象、品牌识别和网络社区环境在建立品牌爱中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i1.1147
Ferdian Hendrasto
Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: This research aims to analyze online community environments, perceived brand image, brand identification, and their effect to brand love in the context of video game modification online communities. Design/methodology/approach: This is quantitative research with three independent variables (Perceived Brand Image, Brand Identification, Online Community Environments) and one dependent variable (Brand Love). One hundred respondents are selected from Steam Workshop. Multiple regression is used to analyze the conceptual framework. Research Findings: The result shows that all three independent variables (Perceived Brand Image, Brand Identification, and Online Community Environments) are statistically significant in influencing brand love. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Factors influencing brand love are still rigorously studied, and this research contributes to identifying new antecedents of brand love. Practitioner/Policy Implication: By analyzing brand love and its antecedents, the video game industry can understand how to develop brand love, especially in a video game modification online community where mods can add value to a video game. Research limitation/Implications: Relatively low number of respondents, preventing broader generalization. No differentiation among the different genres of a video game, where some video games provide different experiences, flexibility, and role-play and, thus, more opportunity to modify. Keywords: Brand Community, Brand Identification, Brand Image, Brand Love, Online Community Environment.
论文类型:研究文章研究目的:本研究旨在分析网络社区环境、感知品牌形象、品牌识别及其对电子游戏改装网络社区品牌爱的影响。设计/方法/方法:这是一项定量研究,有三个自变量(感知品牌形象、品牌识别、在线社区环境)和一个因变量(品牌热爱)。从Steam Workshop中选出100名受访者。采用多元回归对概念框架进行分析。研究发现:三个自变量(感知品牌形象、品牌认同和网络社区环境)对品牌喜爱的影响均有统计学意义。理论贡献/独创性:影响品牌爱的因素仍被严格研究,本研究有助于识别品牌爱的新前因。从业者/政策启示:通过分析品牌喜爱及其前因后果,电子游戏行业可以了解如何培养品牌喜爱,特别是在电子游戏修改在线社区中,mod可以为电子游戏增加价值。研究局限/启示:受访者数量相对较少,无法进行更广泛的推广。不同类型的电子游戏之间没有区别,有些电子游戏提供不同的体验、灵活性和角色扮演,因此有更多的修改机会。关键词:品牌社区,品牌识别,品牌形象,品牌爱,网络社区环境
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引用次数: 0
Antecedents of Customer Brand Engagement Affecting Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitments in Forming Loyalty and Word of Mouth in Indonesia 客户品牌参与的先决条件影响印尼客户满意度、信任度和忠诚度及口碑形成承诺
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i1.1152
U. D. Lestari, T. Syah
Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: The research objective was to determine customer brand engagement (CBE) drivers, which directly or indirectly generate word of mouth (WOM) on Instagram through trust, commitment, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted in Indonesia with 213 respondents who are active on Instagram accounts, have an age range between 20 and 60 years, and have an attachment to products from middle to upper-class brands in Indonesia. This quantitative research uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. Research Findings: The results show that customer involvement and flow experience are the main drivers of CBE, which then directly generate WOM, customer trust, and customer commitment. CBE also indirectly forms WOM through trust and commitment. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study can explain the importance of customer involvement and experience in forming CBE to gain loyalty and word of mouth through Instagram in Indonesia. Practitioner/Policy Implication: The managerial implication of the research is about brand-building strategies, forming satisfaction, trust, and commitment to brand loyalty in the short and long term through disseminating information on social media such as Instagram. Research limitation/Implications: This study has limitations; first, the research data only relies on one social networking site (Instagram) in Indonesia to test hypotheses. Second, the survey was about middle-class and above-class product brands. Third, in this case, it has not discussed demographics about age.
手稿类型:研究文章研究目的:研究目的是确定客户品牌参与(CBE)驱动因素,这些驱动因素通过信任、承诺、客户满意度和忠诚度直接或间接在Instagram上产生口碑。设计/方法/方法:这项研究在印度尼西亚进行,有213名受访者活跃在Instagram账户上,年龄在20至60岁之间,对印尼中上层品牌的产品有依恋。本定量研究采用结构方程模型(SEM)方法。研究结果:结果表明,客户参与度和流量体验是CBE的主要驱动因素,进而直接产生口碑、客户信任和客户承诺。CBE还通过信任和承诺间接形成口碑。理论贡献/独创性:这项研究可以解释客户参与和体验在形成CBE中的重要性,以通过印度尼西亚的Instagram获得忠诚度和口碑。从业者/政策含义:该研究的管理含义是关于品牌建设战略,通过在Instagram等社交媒体上传播信息,在短期和长期内形成对品牌忠诚度的满意度、信任和承诺。研究局限性/影响:本研究存在局限性;首先,研究数据仅依赖于印度尼西亚的一个社交网站(Instagram)来检验假设。其次,调查对象是中产阶级及以上阶层的产品品牌。第三,在这种情况下,它没有讨论有关年龄的人口统计数据。
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引用次数: 1
The Elements of Brand Anthropomorphism: Qualitative Investigation Into Local Brands Amongst Young Adult Consumers 品牌拟人化的要素:对年轻成人消费者中本土品牌的定性调查
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i1.1150
I. Mayasari, H. C. Haryanto
Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: This study aimed to describe the elements of brand anthropomorphism and self-brand congruity based on the review of Guido and Peluso's conceptualization. Design/methodology/approach: This study collected the data from generation Y respondents through semi-structured depth interviewing. Research Findings: The critical finding provides the context of Asian consumers related to local brands. Emerging local brands can grow if the organization can manage them well. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: It describes the elements of brand anthropomorphism associated with the domain of consumer-brand relationships among Asian consumers. Practitioner/Policy Implication: The local brands should be perceived that all brands are not similar in the same category. Research limitation/Implications: The elements of brand anthropomorphism can create brand personality. Keywords: Brand anthropomorphism, brand congruity, brand personality.
手稿类型:研究文章研究目的:本研究旨在通过对Guido和Peluso概念化的回顾,描述品牌拟人化和自我品牌一致性的要素。设计/方法/方法:本研究通过半结构化深度访谈收集了Y世代受访者的数据。研究发现:这一关键发现提供了亚洲消费者与本土品牌相关的背景。如果组织能够很好地管理新兴的本土品牌,它们就能成长。理论贡献/独创性:它描述了与亚洲消费者之间的消费者-品牌关系领域相关的品牌拟人化元素。从业者/政策含义:本地品牌应被认为并非所有品牌都属于同一类别。研究局限性/启示:品牌拟人化的元素可以塑造品牌个性。关键词:品牌拟人化,品牌一致性,品牌个性。
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引用次数: 1
The Drivers of Repurchase Intention During The Corona Pandemic: An Examination of Gender Difference 冠状病毒大流行期间回购意愿的驱动因素:性别差异的检验
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i1.1149
W. Wahyuningsih, H. Nasution, Y. Yeni, R. Roostika
Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: To examine the drivers of repurchase intention and test the difference between male and female consumers on the relationships between consumption value, satisfaction, and repurchase intention. Design/methodology/approach: This study employs a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 214 consumers who purchased food from the restaurant using the online application. Structural Equation Modeling has been employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Research Findings: This study finds that repurchase intention is driven by perceived consumption value and satisfaction for all consumers. The result suggests that male and female consumers perceived different perceptions of the relationships between consumption value, satisfaction, and repurchase intention. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge in marketing literature by enlarging the linkage between consumer behavior and market segmentation theory. Understanding market segmentation, specifically based on gender differences, will help marketers formulate a better marketing strategy relevant to the market's characteristics. Practitioner/Policy Implication: Restaurant managers are suggested to increase their delivered consumption value, including functional value, social value, emotional value, safety value, and information value. Website providers are encouraged to increase delivered emotional value for consumers as they seek convenience in delivery service, transaction, and payment. Research limitation/Implications: This study was conducted in Indonesia using cross-sectional data; therefore, future research might replicate and enlarge the model of study to be implemented in a cross-cultural context using a longitudinal approach.
手稿类型:研究文章研究目的:检验复购意愿的驱动因素,并检验男性和女性消费者在消费价值、满意度和复购意愿之间关系的差异。设计/方法/方法:本研究采用描述性研究设计。数据是从214名使用在线应用程序从餐厅购买食物的消费者那里收集的。结构方程建模已被用于检验所提出的假设。研究结果:本研究发现,复购意愿是由所有消费者的感知消费价值和满意度驱动的。结果表明,男性和女性消费者对消费价值、满意度和再购买意愿之间的关系感知不同。理论贡献/独创性:本研究的发现通过扩大消费者行为和市场细分理论之间的联系,为营销文献中的知识体系做出了贡献。了解市场细分,特别是基于性别差异的细分,将有助于营销人员制定与市场特征相关的更好的营销策略。从业者/政策含义:建议餐厅经理提高其交付的消费价值,包括功能价值、社会价值、情感价值、安全价值和信息价值。鼓励网站提供商在消费者寻求快递服务、交易和支付便利时,为他们增加交付的情感价值。研究局限性/影响:这项研究是在印度尼西亚使用横断面数据进行的;因此,未来的研究可能会复制和扩大跨文化背景下使用纵向方法实施的研究模式。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Browsing in The Relationship Between Online Reviews to Impulse Buying 浏览在网上评论与冲动购买关系中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.21002/amj.v14i1.1170
R. Astuti, Sara Almira Nindyaswari
Manuscript type: Research Research Aims: to analyse the impact of online reviews on Instagram on online impulse buying behaviour for the beauty product category, with the role of browsing as a mediator. Design/methodology/approach: A conclusive study with 441 respondents, analysed by SEM Research Findings: Browsing mediates the online review perceived value (both utilitarian and hedonic value) significantly toward the urge to buy impulsively, which will further enhance the impulse buying Theoretical Contribution/Originality: (1) this study enriches the relationship between online reviews and impulse buying, using browsing as the critical factor to link the relationship, and (2) consumers perceived both utilitarian and hedonic value in online reviews. Practitioner/Policy Implication: this study highlights the importance of online reviews in affecting the customer's online impulse buying behaviour, so brand marketers should monitor online product reviews, both positive and negative. Research limitation/Implications: First, this study only examined consumers' browsing and impulse buying behaviour toward online reviews on Instagram; thus, studies on social media platforms might have different results. Second, the antecedents of browsing are limited to the utilitarian and hedonic value of online review; other external variables could be further investigated to enrich our understanding. Lastly, this study is limited to the beauty product industry; another specific context might have a different result.
研究目的:分析Instagram上的在线评论对美容产品品类在线冲动购买行为的影响,其中浏览的作用为中介。设计/方法/方法:对441名受访者的结论性研究,通过SEM分析研究发现:浏览显著调节了在线评论感知价值(功利价值和享乐价值)对冲动购买的影响,这将进一步增强冲动购买的理论贡献/原创性:(1)本研究丰富了网络评论与冲动购买之间的关系,将浏览作为联系两者关系的关键因素;(2)消费者在网络评论中同时感知到功利价值和享乐价值。从业者/政策启示:这项研究强调了在线评论在影响消费者在线冲动购买行为方面的重要性,因此品牌营销人员应该监控在线产品评论,无论是正面的还是负面的。研究限制/启示:首先,本研究仅考察了消费者对Instagram在线评论的浏览和冲动购买行为;因此,对社交媒体平台的研究可能会有不同的结果。其次,浏览的前因仅限于在线评论的功利价值和享乐价值;其他外部变量可以进一步研究,以丰富我们的理解。最后,本研究仅限于美容产品行业;另一个特定的上下文可能会产生不同的结果。
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引用次数: 0
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Asean Marketing Journal
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