Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156024
F. Hartmann, T. Gaedeke, P. Leibold, L. Niestoruk, W. Stork
The importance of location based services (LBS) has largely increased for consumer applications and becoming more and more relevant in industrial applications. For example location dependent information can support occupational safety staff to ensure the safety at work in emergency scenarios. In outdoor environments localization can be obtained easily by using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). For harsh indoor environments, however, where most industrial applications require localization, an accurate localization remains a challenge in general. In this paper we present a hybrid localization system enabling navigation in challenging environments. The hybrid system fuses received signal strength (RSS) based wireless sensor network (WSN) ranging and a foot mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU). The key contribution of this paper is a hybrid localization concept and experimental results using a deployed system in an industrial environment. We characterize the wireless sensor network signal propagation and evaluate the magnetic field for heading stabilization in such environments. The accuracy analysis shows a typical error of 2 meters. In comparison to a pure inertial navigation system (INS) approach, we demonstrate the enhancements introduced by the combination of an inertial navigation system and a wireless sensor network received signal strength based localization.
{"title":"Navigation for Occupational Safety in Harsh Industrial Environments","authors":"F. Hartmann, T. Gaedeke, P. Leibold, L. Niestoruk, W. Stork","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156024","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of location based services (LBS) has largely increased for consumer applications and becoming more and more relevant in industrial applications. For example location dependent information can support occupational safety staff to ensure the safety at work in emergency scenarios. In outdoor environments localization can be obtained easily by using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). For harsh indoor environments, however, where most industrial applications require localization, an accurate localization remains a challenge in general. In this paper we present a hybrid localization system enabling navigation in challenging environments. The hybrid system fuses received signal strength (RSS) based wireless sensor network (WSN) ranging and a foot mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU). The key contribution of this paper is a hybrid localization concept and experimental results using a deployed system in an industrial environment. We characterize the wireless sensor network signal propagation and evaluate the magnetic field for heading stabilization in such environments. The accuracy analysis shows a typical error of 2 meters. In comparison to a pure inertial navigation system (INS) approach, we demonstrate the enhancements introduced by the combination of an inertial navigation system and a wireless sensor network received signal strength based localization.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129636577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156020
Hamed Salah, Hazem A. Ahmed, J. Robert, A. Heuberger
In this paper, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) receiver structure suitable for readers using passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is presented. In such a passive RFID configuration, the undesirable DC-offset phenomenon may appear in the baseband of the reader receiver. This phenomenon can severely degrade the performance of the extraction of valid information from a received signal in the reader receiver. To mitigate this DC-offset phenomenon, a software receiver structure is proposed to remove the DC-offset in the digital domain. This aim can be e.g. achieved by using three methods: 1) Removing the DC offset using a Hamming windowing FIR high pass filter. 2) Extracting useful transition information from the corrupted signal using an edge detector. 3) Using a first order Butterworth IIR notch filter to remove the unwanted DC offset. A comparison between these methods based on measurements is presented to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches.
{"title":"A Study of Software Defined Radio Receivers for Passive RFID Systems","authors":"Hamed Salah, Hazem A. Ahmed, J. Robert, A. Heuberger","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156020","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) receiver structure suitable for readers using passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is presented. In such a passive RFID configuration, the undesirable DC-offset phenomenon may appear in the baseband of the reader receiver. This phenomenon can severely degrade the performance of the extraction of valid information from a received signal in the reader receiver. To mitigate this DC-offset phenomenon, a software receiver structure is proposed to remove the DC-offset in the digital domain. This aim can be e.g. achieved by using three methods: 1) Removing the DC offset using a Hamming windowing FIR high pass filter. 2) Extracting useful transition information from the corrupted signal using an edge detector. 3) Using a first order Butterworth IIR notch filter to remove the unwanted DC offset. A comparison between these methods based on measurements is presented to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129665107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156027
M. Tufo, G. Fiengo, U. Montanaro
In the last years there has been a significant interest from academia and industry for interfacing vehicles with mobile devices to offer services to drivers. Kinematics information, automotive diagnostics, consumption data can be provided by vehicles to make the roads greener, safer and smarter. In this paper, we define and design an embedded solution to support drivers in driving process. It can obtain real-time vehicle data, such as vehicle speed, engine speed, coolant temperature, instant fuel consumption, etc., from CAN (Controller Area Network) bus and through these information to provide novel services to drivers. By Android-based mobile devices (e.g. Smartphones, tablet) and an embedded circuit, we can collect, store and analyze the various vehicle information and then use these data to provide back-end services to drivers. Vehicle information is transferred to a mobile device which, using cellular internet connection, transmits them to a server.
在过去的几年里，学术界和工业界对将车辆与移动设备连接起来为驾驶员提供服务产生了极大的兴趣。车辆可以提供运动学信息、汽车诊断、消费数据，使道路更环保、更安全、更智能。在本文中，我们定义并设计了一个嵌入式解决方案来支持驱动程序的驱动过程。它可以从can (Controller Area Network)总线获取车辆的实时数据，如车速、发动机转速、冷却液温度、瞬时油耗等，并通过这些信息为驾驶员提供新颖的服务。通过基于android的移动设备(如智能手机、平板电脑)和嵌入式电路，我们可以收集、存储和分析各种车辆信息，然后利用这些数据为驾驶员提供后端服务。车辆信息被传输到移动设备，该设备使用蜂窝网络连接将信息传输到服务器。
{"title":"An Integrated Embedded Solution for Driving Support","authors":"M. Tufo, G. Fiengo, U. Montanaro","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156027","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years there has been a significant interest from academia and industry for interfacing vehicles with mobile devices to offer services to drivers. Kinematics information, automotive diagnostics, consumption data can be provided by vehicles to make the roads greener, safer and smarter. In this paper, we define and design an embedded solution to support drivers in driving process. It can obtain real-time vehicle data, such as vehicle speed, engine speed, coolant temperature, instant fuel consumption, etc., from CAN (Controller Area Network) bus and through these information to provide novel services to drivers. By Android-based mobile devices (e.g. Smartphones, tablet) and an embedded circuit, we can collect, store and analyze the various vehicle information and then use these data to provide back-end services to drivers. Vehicle information is transferred to a mobile device which, using cellular internet connection, transmits them to a server.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartSysTech.2014.7156030
R. C. Jacobi, A. Hennig, Gerd vom Boegel
RFID is a well-known identification technology in logistics. It enables cost-effective solutions for transport processes and for inventory management. In the majority HF tags are applied to tag an object [1]. However, there are many applications where this principle malfunctions due to e.g. several contiguous metallic objects which are to be identified. This article is focused on one of these issues where common RFID technologies cannot be applied without further ado. An approach for a smart solution is presented which furthermore not mandatorily needs stationary antennas and a stationary reader unit to read out tags attached to technical equipment in flight cases for the event sector.
{"title":"Smart Flight Case","authors":"R. C. Jacobi, A. Hennig, Gerd vom Boegel","doi":"10.1109/SmartSysTech.2014.7156030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartSysTech.2014.7156030","url":null,"abstract":"RFID is a well-known identification technology in logistics. It enables cost-effective solutions for transport processes and for inventory management. In the majority HF tags are applied to tag an object [1]. However, there are many applications where this principle malfunctions due to e.g. several contiguous metallic objects which are to be identified. This article is focused on one of these issues where common RFID technologies cannot be applied without further ado. An approach for a smart solution is presented which furthermore not mandatorily needs stationary antennas and a stationary reader unit to read out tags attached to technical equipment in flight cases for the event sector.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124290583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156014
M. Warnke, Gerrit Roesnick, G. Smietanka, S. Brato, Juergen Goetze
A hybrid solution for a software defined RFID reader is presented in this work. Commercial RFID systems operate at a level, where only a restrictive amount of parameters are configurable and transparency is not given. Therefore these systems cannot be configured to make them tailored to specific applications. For that reason, a flexible software reader providing these requirements is used as the starting point of this work. This software reader is an open source project by CGran, based on a software defined radio and a USRP hardware frontend. However the flexibility is paid for by a time critical communication of the USB transfer between USRP and PC host. A hybrid concept was developed to improve this time critical application and reduce the maximum required delay for a response. The following design intends to transfer the transmission components to the hardware, where it is controlled by short commands, instead of sending the transmission data sample wise by the software reader. It is shown that this solution achieves a better performance due to a decreased response delay and furthermore provides a backward compatibility to the original concept of the software reader.
{"title":"Hybrid Extension of a Flexible Software Defined RFID Reader","authors":"M. Warnke, Gerrit Roesnick, G. Smietanka, S. Brato, Juergen Goetze","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156014","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid solution for a software defined RFID reader is presented in this work. Commercial RFID systems operate at a level, where only a restrictive amount of parameters are configurable and transparency is not given. Therefore these systems cannot be configured to make them tailored to specific applications. For that reason, a flexible software reader providing these requirements is used as the starting point of this work. This software reader is an open source project by CGran, based on a software defined radio and a USRP hardware frontend. However the flexibility is paid for by a time critical communication of the USB transfer between USRP and PC host. A hybrid concept was developed to improve this time critical application and reduce the maximum required delay for a response. The following design intends to transfer the transmission components to the hardware, where it is controlled by short commands, instead of sending the transmission data sample wise by the software reader. It is shown that this solution achieves a better performance due to a decreased response delay and furthermore provides a backward compatibility to the original concept of the software reader.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121731082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156013
M. Kirch, Olaf Poenicke
In the automotive industry, customers demands for high quality as the variety of models grows have to be harmonized with the demands of just-in-sequence-manufacturing (correctly sequenced short delivery times). As assembly and delivery times grow shorter and shorter, they need assurance that suppliers of preassembled modules correctly manufacture customized modules. This paper describes the use of RFID to confirm the correct completion of assembly processes automatically. The RFID wristband developed by the Fraunhofer Institute IFF in Magdeburg makes it possible to integrate automatic confirmation in existing assembly processes, thus error-proofing them.
{"title":"Using the RFID Wristband for Automatic Identification in Manual Processes - The RFID Wristband in the Automotive Industry","authors":"M. Kirch, Olaf Poenicke","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156013","url":null,"abstract":"In the automotive industry, customers demands for high quality as the variety of models grows have to be harmonized with the demands of just-in-sequence-manufacturing (correctly sequenced short delivery times). As assembly and delivery times grow shorter and shorter, they need assurance that suppliers of preassembled modules correctly manufacture customized modules. This paper describes the use of RFID to confirm the correct completion of assembly processes automatically. The RFID wristband developed by the Fraunhofer Institute IFF in Magdeburg makes it possible to integrate automatic confirmation in existing assembly processes, thus error-proofing them.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"15 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115606920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156025
Kálmán Tornai, Lóránt Kovács, A. Oláh, Rajmund Drenyovszki, Istvan Pinterm, David Tisza, J. Levendovszky
Classifying different type of consumers (households, office buildings and industrial plants) is an important task in Smart Grids. In this paper, we propose a novel classification scheme based on nonlinear prediction for consumption timeseries obtained from a smart meter. The candidate predictors were tested under different assumptions regarding the statistical behavior of the underlying consumption time-series. As a result a feedforward neural network based predictor has been shown to be the most promising solution. In order to demonstrate the power of the proposed method simulations have been carried out. The consumption data came from a bottom up model, where Markov model of individual appliances and real measurements of photo-voltaic generators have been applied. The numerical results prove that our method is capable of distinguishing an office-building with installed photo voltaic mini power plant from an office-building which is lack of such power plant.
{"title":"Novel Consumer Classification Scheme for Smart Grids","authors":"Kálmán Tornai, Lóránt Kovács, A. Oláh, Rajmund Drenyovszki, Istvan Pinterm, David Tisza, J. Levendovszky","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156025","url":null,"abstract":"Classifying different type of consumers (households, office buildings and industrial plants) is an important task in Smart Grids. In this paper, we propose a novel classification scheme based on nonlinear prediction for consumption timeseries obtained from a smart meter. The candidate predictors were tested under different assumptions regarding the statistical behavior of the underlying consumption time-series. As a result a feedforward neural network based predictor has been shown to be the most promising solution. In order to demonstrate the power of the proposed method simulations have been carried out. The consumption data came from a bottom up model, where Markov model of individual appliances and real measurements of photo-voltaic generators have been applied. The numerical results prove that our method is capable of distinguishing an office-building with installed photo voltaic mini power plant from an office-building which is lack of such power plant.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114726916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7155751
-. Schantin. Andreas, C. Ruland
The tag inventory process in an EPCglocal Class-1 Generation-2 (EPCglobal Gen2) long-range Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is based on Framed Slotted ALOHA (FSA). Collisions between tags are inevitable in an FSA-based system and limit its maximal throughput. In this work we describe a simple Maximum Likelihood (ML) scheme for jointlydecoding R tag replies in a collision-slot, allowing the reader to decode all of the colliding tag replies and greatly increasing the probability of decoding at least on tag reply correctly.
{"title":"An ML Approach for Decoding Collision Slots","authors":"-. Schantin. Andreas, C. Ruland","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7155751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7155751","url":null,"abstract":"The tag inventory process in an EPCglocal Class-1 Generation-2 (EPCglobal Gen2) long-range Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is based on Framed Slotted ALOHA (FSA). Collisions between tags are inevitable in an FSA-based system and limit its maximal throughput. In this work we describe a simple Maximum Likelihood (ML) scheme for jointlydecoding R tag replies in a collision-slot, allowing the reader to decode all of the colliding tag replies and greatly increasing the probability of decoding at least on tag reply correctly.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114758258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156026
I. Mayordomo, L. Mateu, M. Roth, Dirk Sobirai, Alexander Koehler, P. Spies, Ulli Muench
In this paper a feasibility study where radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology and energy harvesting sources are combined to provide tags with sensing capabilities is presented. Models for the different elements that make up this smart tag have been implemented in a software tool in order to automatize the calculation of the harvested power and the power needed by the loads. Furthermore, the characteristics of the required battery are also provided. Finally, a market analysis has been also conducted to determine two significant use cases for this technology, which are also demonstrated by means of two respective examples.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Energy Harvesting for Smart UHF RFID Tags","authors":"I. Mayordomo, L. Mateu, M. Roth, Dirk Sobirai, Alexander Koehler, P. Spies, Ulli Muench","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156026","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a feasibility study where radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology and energy harvesting sources are combined to provide tags with sensing capabilities is presented. Models for the different elements that make up this smart tag have been implemented in a software tool in order to automatize the calculation of the harvested power and the power needed by the loads. Furthermore, the characteristics of the required battery are also provided. Finally, a market analysis has been also conducted to determine two significant use cases for this technology, which are also demonstrated by means of two respective examples.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122660256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156021
Hazem A. Ahmed, Hamed Salah, J. Robert, A. Heuberger
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a wireless technology allowing for the automatic identification of tags (transponders). For the efficient identification in case of large tag populations, the RFID reader has to precisely estimate the number of tags in the reading area. Inaccuracies in this estimation lead to significantly increased reading times. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel tag estimation technique called biased Chebyshev inequality tag estimation method. This new method improves the existing Chebyshev inequality method by using a collision coefficient. This collision coefficient is calculated numerically using a two dimensional curve fitting approach. The proposed estimation method is compared to two common tag estimation methods in RFID systems. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm show a reading time reduction for large populations of approx. 25%.
{"title":"An Efficient RFID Tag Estimation Method Using Biased Chebyshev Inequality for Dynamic Frame Slotted ALOHA","authors":"Hazem A. Ahmed, Hamed Salah, J. Robert, A. Heuberger","doi":"10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTSYSTECH.2014.7156021","url":null,"abstract":"Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a wireless technology allowing for the automatic identification of tags (transponders). For the efficient identification in case of large tag populations, the RFID reader has to precisely estimate the number of tags in the reading area. Inaccuracies in this estimation lead to significantly increased reading times. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel tag estimation technique called biased Chebyshev inequality tag estimation method. This new method improves the existing Chebyshev inequality method by using a collision coefficient. This collision coefficient is calculated numerically using a two dimensional curve fitting approach. The proposed estimation method is compared to two common tag estimation methods in RFID systems. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm show a reading time reduction for large populations of approx. 25%.","PeriodicalId":309593,"journal":{"name":"Smart SysTech 2014; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130610522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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