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Development and first-phase experimental prototype validation of a single-chip hybrid and reconfigurable multiprocessor signal processor system 单片混合可重构多处理器信号处理系统的开发和第一阶段实验样机验证
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295692
Xiaohui Zhao, J. Heath, P. Maxwell, A. Tan, C. Fernando
A previously proposed parallel and scalable hybrid data/command driven architecture (HDCA) was dynamic/reconfigurable at defined "application" and "node" levels only and was to be implemented with multiple chips. The HDCA is now being developed and experimentally verified as a versatile high performance fault tolerant single-chip multiprocessor computer system-on-chip (SoC) that can execute a wide range of real-time and/or non-real-time signal processing and other applications. It is now being developed to be dynamic/reconfigurable at three levels: the "application", "node", and "processor architecture" levels. A three-phase final prototype development process is being utilized for a complete HDCA SoC. Each phase includes addition and validation of functionality to allow the architecture to be fully dynamic/reconfigurable, in sequence, at the application, node, and processor architecture levels. Experimental hardware prototype testing results are shown for a first-phase prototype of the HDCA. Experimental hardware prototype testing results illustrate that the single-chip first-phase HDCA prototype is able to achieve its functional goal of being able to correctly execute, in a parallel manner, applications described by process flow graphs of different topologies using a heterogeneous mix of processors.
先前提出的并行和可扩展的混合数据/命令驱动架构(HDCA)仅在定义的“应用”和“节点”级别上是动态/可重构的,并且可以用多个芯片实现。HDCA目前正在开发和实验验证中,作为一种多功能高性能容错单芯片多处理器计算机片上系统(SoC),可以执行广泛的实时和/或非实时信号处理和其他应用。它现在被开发成在三个层次上是动态/可重构的:“应用程序”、“节点”和“处理器架构”层次。一个完整的HDCA SoC采用了三个阶段的最终原型开发过程。每个阶段都包括功能的添加和验证,以允许体系结构在应用程序、节点和处理器体系结构级别上按顺序完全动态/可重构。给出了HDCA第一阶段样机的硬件样机实验测试结果。实验硬件原型测试结果表明,单芯片第一阶段HDCA原型能够实现其功能目标,即能够使用异构混合处理器以并行方式正确执行由不同拓扑的流程流程图描述的应用程序。
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引用次数: 3
Input band-pass limiting in a PLL: its influence on interference-induced bifurcation 锁相环的输入带通限制:其对干扰诱导分叉的影响
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295674
J. Stensby, M. Tillman
The sum of a desired tone and an interfering, offset in frequency by v radians/second, tone is considered as the input reference signal for a system comprised of an ideal band-pass limiter and first-order PLL combination. Parameter y denotes the ratio of interfering signal to desired signal amplitudes. In the first of two cases, this two-tone reference signal is supplied directly to the PLL. In the second case, the two-tone reference is band-pass limited before application to the loop. In both cases, if ratio y is sufficiently small (i.e., the interference is relatively weak), the PLL can phase lock to the desired tone, and the interfering tone causes a closed-loop, (2/spl pi//v)-periodic phase error (i.e., a periodic beat note within the loop). However, as y increases, a point y = y/sub b/ is reached where the periodic phase error bifurcates (y/sub b/ is the bifurcation point), and the PLL breaks phase lock. A metric of interference rejection ability, the value y/sub b/, is a function of tone frequency spacing v, PLL closed loop bandwidth G, loop detuning w/spl Delta/ and whether or not input band-pass limiting is employed. Two different algorithms are described for calculating the bifurcation point y/sub b/. The first is based on a numerical solution of the equation that describes the PLL; the second is based on harmonic balance methods. These two algorithms are used to show that, depending on the value of v relative to the PLL closed-loop bandwidth G, input band-pass limiting may, or may not, increase the bifurcation point y/sub b/. Specifically, for detuning w/spl Delta/ = 0, input band-pass limiting decreases the bifurcation point y/sub b/ for a range of v within the PLL closed-loop bandwidth.
期望音调和干扰音调的总和,频率偏移v弧度/秒,被认为是由理想带通限制器和一阶锁相环组合组成的系统的输入参考信号。参数y表示干扰信号与期望信号幅度的比值。在第一种情况下,这个双音参考信号直接提供给锁相环。在第二种情况下,双音参考在应用于环路之前是带通限制的。在这两种情况下,如果比值y足够小(即,干扰相对较弱),锁相环可以锁相到所需的音调,并且干扰音调引起闭环,(2/spl pi//v)-周期相位误差(即,循环内的周期性拍音)。但是,随着y的增加,到达一个点y = y/下标b/,此时周期相位误差分岔(y/下标b/为分岔点),锁相环解除锁相。抑制干扰能力的度量值y/sub b/是音调频率间隔v、锁相环闭环带宽G、环路失谐w/spl Delta/以及是否采用输入带通限制的函数。描述了计算分岔点y/下标b/的两种不同算法。第一种方法是基于描述锁相环的方程的数值解;第二种是基于谐波平衡的方法。这两种算法用来表明,根据v相对于锁相环闭环带宽G的值,输入带通限制可能会或可能不会增加分岔点y/sub b/。具体来说,对于w/spl δ / = 0的失谐,输入带通限制在锁相环闭环带宽的v范围内降低分岔点y/sub b/。
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引用次数: 2
A variable frequency oscillator using modern current feedback amplifiers (CFAs) for high frequency applications 一种采用现代电流反馈放大器(CFAs)的高频振荡器
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295691
S. Natarajan
A well-known tunable active-RC oscillator circuit is adopted with the use of modern current feedback amplifiers (CFAs) and analyzed for its performance characteristics. Its performance characteristics are found superior to the conventional design with the voltage-mode operational amplifiers. However, it has been found that the frequency of oscillation is considerably lower than the expected value in the high frequency range due to the non-ideal characteristics of the CFA. A new compensation is suggested to eliminate this problem. The effectiveness of the compensation is proven using the PSPICE simulation of the oscillator.
采用一种著名的可调谐有源rc振荡器电路,并结合现代电流反馈放大器(CFAs)对其性能特性进行了分析。其性能特点优于传统的电压型运算放大器设计。然而,由于CFA的非理想特性,在高频范围内,振荡频率明显低于期望值。提出了一种新的补偿方法来消除这个问题。通过对振荡器的PSPICE仿真,验证了补偿的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of fuel cell based power systems using EMTDC electrical power simulator 基于EMTDC电力模拟器的燃料电池动力系统分析
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295662
N. Brooks, T. Baldwin, T. Brinson, J. Ordonez, C. Luongo
Current demands for alternative power generation have expanded beyond the utility industry into advanced transportation. Electrical and hybrid automobiles have long been developed utilizing fuel cell technology, and all-electric aircraft someday becomes a reality. To facilitate such work in electrical power simulators such as PSCAD/EMTDC and later in real-time power simulators like RSCAD/RTDS, accurate models of the transient behavior of all system components must be developed. Although the current state of power system models sufficiently encompasses most conventional systems for detailed simulations, fuel cell models for such studies are underdeveloped for power system analysis. This paper presents the integration of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell model into proposed electrical power system architecture. The fuel cell and support system for power delivery, including the appropriate power electronics and energy storage devices, are simulated and presented. The fuel cell model includes both electrical and thermal components to better capture transient behavior.
目前对替代发电的需求已经从公用事业扩展到先进的交通运输。利用燃料电池技术开发电动汽车和混合动力汽车已经很长时间了,全电动飞机有朝一日将成为现实。为了便于在电力模拟器(如PSCAD/EMTDC)和后来的实时电力模拟器(如RSCAD/RTDS)中进行此类工作,必须开发所有系统组件的瞬态行为的精确模型。尽管电力系统模型的现状足以涵盖大多数常规系统的详细模拟,但用于此类研究的燃料电池模型尚不发达,无法用于电力系统分析。本文提出将质子交换膜燃料电池模型集成到电力系统架构中。模拟并介绍了燃料电池和电力输送支持系统,包括适当的电力电子设备和能量存储设备。燃料电池模型包括电气和热组件,以更好地捕捉瞬态行为。
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引用次数: 9
Quantization of Fano metrics using relative entropy in modeling channels with memory 利用相对熵在有内存信道建模中量化Fano指标
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295672
W. D. Pan
In fading channels that exhibit memory, errors tend to occur in blocks. Knowledge of the channel condition of the previous block can be used to predict the future channel condition and improve the performance of the channel decoding system. Channels with memory can be approximated by finite-state Markov models. Once the number of channel states is fixed, the channel observations used to model the channel must be quantized into one of the given states. It has been shown that accurate channel models can be obtained by employing a quantization scheme that is optimized based on an objective function specific to the problem under consideration. In this paper, we seek to accurately model the flat fading channels in a Fano decoding system. We introduce the relative entropy in quantizing channel observations such as the Fano metrics. Simulations show that the proposed quantization scheme can allow some statistics related to channel states to be separated maximally, leading to improved estimation and prediction of the fading channels with memory.
在显示内存的衰落信道中,错误往往发生在块中。通过了解前一个块的信道状况,可以预测未来的信道状况,提高信道解码系统的性能。具有记忆的通道可以用有限状态马尔可夫模型来近似。一旦信道状态的数量固定,用于信道建模的信道观测必须量化为给定的状态之一。研究表明,采用基于特定于所考虑问题的目标函数优化的量化方案可以获得精确的信道模型。在本文中,我们寻求在Fano解码系统中精确地建模平坦衰落信道。我们在量化信道观测时引入了相对熵,如法诺度量。仿真结果表明,所提出的量化方案能够最大程度地分离信道状态相关的统计信息,从而提高有记忆衰落信道的估计和预测能力。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic simulation of a linear variable reluctance motor using coupled network models 基于耦合网络模型的线性变磁阻电机动态仿真
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295640
N. Chayopitak, D.G. Taylor
The objective of this paper is to simulate and study the dynamics of a linear variable reluctance motor using coupled network models. The need for an explicit functional expression to describe flux linkage has been eliminated, since the magnetic subsystem is coupled to, and simultaneously solved with, the dynamics of the electrical and mechanical subsystems. This paper focuses on the development of a coupled network model that incorporates the effects of magnetic saturation and spatial harmonics, and also includes the application of position control software interacting with the physical system.
本文的目的是利用耦合网络模型模拟和研究线性变磁阻电机的动力学。由于磁子系统与电气和机械子系统的动力学耦合并同时求解,因此不需要用显式的函数表达式来描述磁链。本文的重点是建立一个考虑磁饱和和空间谐波影响的耦合网络模型,并包括位置控制软件与物理系统交互的应用。
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引用次数: 8
A bang-bang, disturbance rejection algorithm for double integrator systems 双积分器系统的扰动抑制算法
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295624
Jr. R.T. O'Brien
An existing sampled-data control algorithm for double integrator systems with pre-determined inter-sample behavior is generalized to incorporate disturbance rejection in addition to command tracking. The proposed control system comprises an inner velocity control loop and an outer position control loop. A discrete-time compensator is used to regulate velocity and reject step disturbance in acceleration due to forces or moments on the system. The outer loop produces a pre-determined, piecewise constant (bang-bang) signal proportional to the position tracking error that defines the desired inter-sample position and velocity behavior. Simulation results of the disturbance rejection performance are presented.
对已有的具有预先确定样本间行为的双积分器系统的采样数据控制算法进行了推广,在指令跟踪的基础上加入了干扰抑制。所提出的控制系统包括内速度控制回路和外位置控制回路。采用离散时间补偿器来调节速度,并抑制系统上的力或力矩引起的加速度阶跃扰动。外环产生一个预先确定的,分段常数(砰砰)信号,该信号与位置跟踪误差成正比,该误差定义了所需的采样间位置和速度行为。给出了抗干扰性能的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 2
Use of surface reconstruction for machine vision 使用表面重建的机器视觉
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295609
R. Munasinghe, C.G. Fernando
Two cameras with parallel optical axes at the same altitude are often used for stereo vision. In this paper, mathematical relationships between pixel positions and the coordinates of the point viewed are derived for any camera structure. A detailed description of epipolar geometry is included and equations for epipolar lines are derived. The key problem in static stereo method for surface reconstruction is the correspondence problem, the task of matching corresponding pixels in two images. Matching all pixels is necessary for construction of a dense surface. Since it takes an extraordinary amount of time for matching all pixels, construction of polyhedral approximations for surfaces is proposed. An existing algorithm is modified for this purpose.
立体视觉通常使用两个平行光轴在同一高度的相机。本文推导了任意相机结构中像素位置与被观察点坐标之间的数学关系。详细描述了极线的几何形状,并推导了极线的方程。静态立体曲面重建方法的关键问题是对应问题,即两幅图像中对应像素的匹配问题。匹配所有像素对于构建密集曲面是必要的。由于匹配所有像素需要大量的时间,因此提出了曲面多面体近似的构造方法。为此,对现有算法进行了修改。
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引用次数: 1
An optimal measure for camera focus and exposure 相机对焦和曝光的最佳测量
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295702
M. Shirvaikar
Consistent image quality is one of the most important requirements for a camera system. This applies to application systems in industrial inspection, consumer photography and microscopy. The quality of an image can be measured in terms of two components: sharpness and contrast. These can be directly translated to the camera system control variables: focus and exposure. A number of measures have been developed to adjust the focus and exposure independently. In this paper, an optimal statistical measure of image quality is developed and tested. This measure allows the simultaneous optimization of both the focus and exposure settings during system calibration or operation. The performance of this measure is demonstrated using a series of test patterns and compared to other popular measures.
一致的图像质量是相机系统最重要的要求之一。这适用于工业检测,消费者摄影和显微镜的应用系统。图像的质量可以用两个组成部分来衡量:清晰度和对比度。这些都可以直接转化为相机系统的控制变量:对焦和曝光。已经制定了一些措施来独立调整焦距和曝光。本文提出并测试了一种最优的图像质量统计度量。这一措施允许在系统校准或操作期间同时优化对焦和曝光设置。使用一系列测试模式演示了该度量的性能,并与其他流行度量进行了比较。
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引用次数: 85
Real time modeling and control of circulating fluidized bed 循环流化床的实时建模与控制
Pub Date : 2004-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295617
S. Valaboju, S. Pulluri, A. Davari, L. Shadle
The circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is one of the complex nonlinear systems which has gained acceptance in a wide variety of fields like catalytic cracking, power generation and mineral processing. Compared with conventional fluidized beds, CFB have many advantages including better interfacial contacting and reduced back mixing. CFB is a relatively new method of forcing chemical reactions to occur in the chemical and petroleum industries. In the absence of conventional means to derive a reliable model, we have devised a model of the circulating fluidized bed using neural networks, which have the ability to characterize such complex systems through their non-linear mapping. The main objective is to develop a real time NN model to simulate and control the CFB. It has been shown that the attempt has been a successful and the results are presented.
循环流化床(CFB)是一种复杂的非线性系统,在催化裂化、发电和选矿等领域得到了广泛的应用。与传统流化床相比,循环流化床具有界面接触好、返混少等优点。循环流化床是一种相对较新的迫使化学反应发生在化学和石油工业的方法。在缺乏常规方法推导可靠模型的情况下,我们利用神经网络设计了一个循环流化床模型,该模型具有通过非线性映射表征此类复杂系统的能力。主要目标是建立一个实时的神经网络模型来模拟和控制循环流化床。结果表明,该方法是成功的,并给出了结果。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the
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