Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress最新文献

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Overload, and Cutbacks, and Freezes, Oh My! The Relative Effects of the Recession-Related Stressors on Employee Strain and Job Satisfaction. 超载，削减，冻结，哦，我的天!经济衰退相关压力源对员工压力和工作满意度的相对影响。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2657

M. Jones, Michael T. Sliter, R. Sinclair

Across the globe, economic fluctuations have taken their toll on both organizations and employees, particularly during sustained recessions. Surprisingly, little research, however, has directly investigated the effects of recessions on employees. As such, the goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of specific recession-related stressors on employee outcomes (strain and satisfaction). We investigated an archival data set of 7666 individuals collected as part of the Workplace Employment Relations Study for relations among recession-related stressors with strain and job satisfaction variables. We found that recession-related stressors were significantly related to both strain and satisfaction. More specifically, certain recession-related stressors (e.g. increased workload and reorganization of work) were more strongly related to strain and satisfaction than others. These results imply the need for greater attention to stress management strategies aimed at helping both employees and their organizations cope with the human costs of economic recessions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

在全球范围内，经济波动对组织和员工都造成了损失，特别是在持续衰退期间。然而，令人惊讶的是，很少有研究直接调查经济衰退对员工的影响。因此，本研究的目的是调查特定的经济衰退相关压力源对员工结果(压力和满意度)的影响。我们调查了7666个人的档案数据集，作为工作场所雇佣关系研究的一部分，以研究经济衰退相关压力源与压力和工作满意度变量之间的关系。我们发现，与经济衰退相关的压力源对压力和满意度都有显著的影响。更具体地说，某些与经济衰退相关的压力因素(例如工作量增加和工作重组)与压力和满意度的关系比其他因素更强。这些结果意味着需要更多地关注压力管理策略，旨在帮助员工和他们的组织应对经济衰退带来的人力成本。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 9

Burning Out Faculty at Doctoral Research Universities. 博士研究型大学师资力量枯竭。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2661

M. Padilla, Julia N. Thompson

The present study examined the importance of time allocation, pressure and support variables together as determinants of faculty burnout. Using a large sample of university faculty (N = 1439), we were able to show that time allocation variables and perceived pressure contribute to faculty burnout. As expected, decreased social support, family, sleep and leisure time were related to higher levels of burnout. Grantsmanship and service activities appeared as the most critical factors associated with faculty burnout. Faculty burnout is an important topic, and the insights provided here help offer some directions for future research as well as the development of effective institutional policies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本研究考察了时间分配、压力和支持变量共同影响教师职业倦怠的重要性。使用一个大样本的大学教师(N = 1439)，我们能够证明时间分配变量和感知压力有助于教师倦怠。正如预期的那样，社会支持、家庭、睡眠和休闲时间的减少与较高的倦怠水平有关。资助和服务活动是与教师职业倦怠相关的最关键因素。教师职业倦怠是一个重要的话题，本文提供的见解有助于为未来的研究以及制定有效的制度政策提供一些方向。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 67

Health and Stress Management and Mental-health Disability Claims. 健康和压力管理以及精神健康残疾索赔。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2663

A. Marchand, V. Haines, S. Harvey, Julie Dextras-Gauthier, P. Durand

This study examines the associations between health and stress management (HSM) practices and mental-health disability claims. Data from the Salveo study was collected during 2009-2012 within 60 workplaces nested in 37 companies located in Canada (Quebec) and insured by a large insurance company. In each company, 1 h interviews were conducted with human resources managers in order to obtain data on 63 HSM practices. Companies and workplaces were sorted into the low-claims and high-claims groups according to the median rate of the population of the insurer's corporate clients. Logistic regression adjusted for design effect and multidimensional scaling was used to analyse the data. After controlling for company size and economic sector, task design, demands control, gratifications, physical activity and work-family balance were associated with low mental-health disability claims rates. Further analyses revealed three company profiles that were qualified as laissez-faire, integrated and partially integrated approaches to HSM. Of the three, the integrated profile was associated with low mental-health disability claims rates. The results of this study provide evidence-based guidance for a better control of mental-health disability claims. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本研究探讨了健康和压力管理(HSM)实践与精神健康残疾索赔之间的关系。Salveo研究的数据是在2009年至2012年期间在加拿大(魁北克)的37家公司的60个工作场所收集的，并由一家大型保险公司投保。在每个公司，为了获得63个HSM实践的数据，与人力资源经理进行了1小时的访谈。根据保险公司企业客户人口的中位数比率，公司和工作场所被分为低索赔组和高索赔组。采用经设计效应和多维标度调整的Logistic回归对数据进行分析。在控制了公司规模和经济部门后，任务设计、需求控制、满意度、身体活动和工作与家庭平衡与低心理健康残疾索赔率相关。进一步的分析揭示了三家公司的概况，它们被认为是自由放任的、综合的和部分综合的高速切削方法。在这三者中，综合档案与较低的精神健康残疾索赔率有关。本研究结果为更好地控制心理健康残疾索赔提供了循证指导。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 3

Stress, Inflammation and Pain: A Potential Role for Monocytes in Fibromyalgia-related Symptom Severity. 应激、炎症和疼痛:单核细胞在纤维肌痛相关症状严重程度中的潜在作用

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2648

A. Taylor, T. G. Fischer-White, Joel G. Anderson, K. Adelstein, M. Murugesan, Janet E. Lewis, Michael M. Scott, R. Gaykema, L. Goehler

The possibility that immunological changes might contribute to symptom severity in fibromyalgia (FM) prompted this proof-of-concept study to determine whether differences in monocyte subpopulations might be present in persons with FM compared with healthy controls. Relationships were assessed by comparing specific symptoms in those with FM (n = 20) and patterns of monocyte subpopulations with healthy age-matched and gender-matched controls (n = 20). Within the same time frame, all participants provided a blood sample and completed measures related to pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, perceived stress, positive and negative affect and depressed mood (and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire for those with FM). Monocyte subpopulations were assessed using flow cytometry. No differences were observed in total percentages of circulating monocytes between the groups; however, pain was inversely correlated with percentages of circulating classical (r = -0.568, p = 0.011) and intermediate (r = -0.511, p = 0.025) monocytes in the FM group. Stress and pain were highly correlated (r = 0.608, p = 0.004) in the FM group. The emerging pattern of changes in the percentages of circulating monocyte subpopulations concomitant with higher ratings of perceived pain and the correlation between stress and pain found in the FM group warrant further investigation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

免疫变化可能导致纤维肌痛(FM)症状严重程度的可能性促使这项概念验证研究确定与健康对照相比，FM患者中单核细胞亚群是否存在差异。通过比较FM患者的特定症状(n = 20)和与年龄匹配和性别匹配的健康对照(n = 20)的单核细胞亚群模式来评估相关性。在同一时间段内，所有参与者提供了血液样本，并完成了与疼痛、疲劳、睡眠障碍、感知压力、积极和消极影响以及抑郁情绪相关的测量(以及FM患者的纤维肌痛影响问卷)。流式细胞术评估单核细胞亚群。两组间循环单核细胞的总百分比无差异;然而，疼痛与FM组循环经典(r = -0.568, p = 0.011)和中间(r = -0.511, p = 0.025)单核细胞百分比呈负相关。应激与疼痛高度相关(r = 0.608, p = 0.004)。在FM组中发现的循环单核细胞亚群百分比变化的新模式伴随着更高的感知疼痛评分以及压力和疼痛之间的相关性，值得进一步研究。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 19

Associations of Perceived Stress, Resilience and Social Support with Sleep Disturbance Among Community-dwelling Adults. 社区居住成人的感知压力、恢复力和社会支持与睡眠障碍的关系。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2664

Xiaohua Liu, Chunqin Liu, Xiaohong Tian, Guiyuan Zou, Guopeng Li, Linghua Kong, Ping Li

Sleep disturbance is often described as sleeping poorly, difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep, and waking early. Currently, most studies examining sleep disturbance have focused on negative psychological variables; however, few studies have combined both negative and positive psychosocial factors to assess sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbance and psychosocial correlates in Chinese community-dwelling adults. A total of 1471 adults, between 18 and 60 years old, from eight selected community settings in Jinan, China, were surveyed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and provided sociodemographic information. We found that the prevalence of sleep disturbance was 33.9%. After adjusting for age, employment status and physical co-morbidity, perceived stress was significantly associated with sleep disturbance [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, p < 0.001], while resilience and social support were associated with a low likelihood of sleep disturbance (OR = 0.90, p < 0.001; OR = 0.97, p < 0.001). Furthermore, regression analysis showed that the interaction between perceived stress and resilience was significant (p < 0.05). Resilience buffered the negative impact of perceived stress on sleep disturbance. Given the close relationship between sleep disturbance and psychosocial correlates, the development of effective intervention programmes to improve sleep quality in this population should be considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

睡眠障碍通常被描述为睡眠质量差、入睡和维持睡眠困难、早醒。目前，大多数关于睡眠障碍的研究都集中在消极的心理变量上;然而，很少有研究将消极和积极的社会心理因素结合起来评估睡眠。本研究的目的是调查中国社区居民睡眠障碍的患病率及其社会心理相关因素。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、感知压力量表、10项康纳-戴维森弹性量表和感知社会支持多维量表对中国济南8个社区的1471名18至60岁的成年人进行了调查，并提供了社会人口学信息。我们发现睡眠障碍的患病率为33.9%。在调整了年龄、就业状况和身体共患病因素后，感知压力与睡眠障碍显著相关[比值比(OR) = 1.14, p < 0.001]，而心理韧性和社会支持与睡眠障碍的低可能性相关(OR = 0.90, p < 0.001;OR = 0.97, p < 0.001)。此外，回归分析显示，感知压力与心理恢复之间存在显著的交互作用(p < 0.05)。弹性缓冲了感知压力对睡眠障碍的负面影响。鉴于睡眠障碍与心理社会相关因素之间的密切关系，应该考虑制定有效的干预方案来改善这一人群的睡眠质量。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 59

The Relative Salience of Daily and Enduring Influences on Off-Job Reactions to Work Stress. 对工作压力的非工作反应的日常影响和持久影响的相对显著性。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2665

Charles Calderwood, P. Ackerman

Work stress is an important determinant of employee health and wellness. The occupational health community is recognizing that one contributor to these relationships may be the presence of negative off-job reactivity to work, which we argue involves continued thoughts directed towards work (cognitive reactivity), continued negative mood stemming from work (affective reactivity), and the alteration of post-work behaviours in response to work factors (behavioural reactivity). We explored the relative contributions of daily work stressors, affective traits, and subjective job stress perceptions to negative off-job reactivity. These relationships were evaluated in a study of hospital nurses (n = 75), who completed trait measures and then provided self-assessments of daily work stress and off-job reactions for four work days. The results of several multilevel analyses indicated that a main-effects model best described the data when predicting cognitive, affective, and behavioural reactivity from daily work stressors, affective traits, and subjective job stress perceptions. A series of multilevel dominance analyses revealed that subjective job stress perceptions dominated the prediction of behavioural reactivity, while trait negative affect dominated the prediction of affective reactivity. Theoretical implications and the relative salience of daily and enduring contributors to negative off-job reactivity are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

工作压力是员工健康的重要决定因素。职业卫生界认识到，造成这些关系的一个因素可能是对工作的消极反应，我们认为这包括对工作的持续思考(认知反应)，源于工作的持续消极情绪(情感反应)，以及对工作因素的工作后行为的改变(行为反应)。我们探讨了日常工作压力源、情感特质和主观工作压力感知对负性离职反应的相对贡献。这些关系在一项对医院护士(n = 75)的研究中得到了评估，这些护士完成了特质测量，然后在四个工作日内提供了日常工作压力和下班反应的自我评估。几个多层次分析的结果表明，当预测日常工作压力源、情感特征和主观工作压力感知的认知、情感和行为反应时，一个主效应模型最能描述数据。一系列多层次优势分析表明，主观工作压力感知主导行为反应的预测，而特质负面影响主导情感反应的预测。理论含义和相对显著的日常和持久贡献者的负面工作反应进行了讨论。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 4

Work Factors, Work-Family Conflict, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Healthy Intentions: A Cross-Cultural Study. 工作因素、工作-家庭冲突、计划行为理论与健康意向的跨文化研究。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2662

Madihah Shukri, F. Jones, M. Conner

The present study examined the roles of work factors (i.e. job demands and job resources), work-family conflicts and culture on predictors of healthy intentions (fruit and vegetable consumption, low-fat diet and physical activity) within the framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Employees from the United Kingdom (N = 278) and Malaysia (N = 325) participated in the study. Results indicated that higher job demands were significantly related to lower intentions to eat a low-fat diet. Women reported higher intentions to eat a low-fat diet than men did, while participants from the United Kingdom had lower intentions to engage in physical activity compared with those from Malaysia. The efficacy of TPB variables in explaining intentions was verified, with perceived behavioural control (i.e. self-efficacy), attitudes and descriptive norms combined with past behaviour predictive across the samples. The results also suggest the roles of culture and work interference with family variables in moderating TPB-intention relationships and confirm that TPB variables mediate the effects of job demands and job resources on intentions. Practically, to promote health, identifying strategies to reduce stress factors; specifying important cognitive factors affecting work factors and thus, healthy intentions; and acknowledging cultural-specific determinants of healthy intentions are recommended. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本研究在计划行为理论的框架内，探讨了工作因素(即工作需求和工作资源)、工作-家庭冲突和文化对健康意向(水果和蔬菜消费、低脂饮食和体育活动)预测因子的作用。来自英国(N = 278)和马来西亚(N = 325)的员工参与了这项研究。结果表明，较高的工作要求与较低的低脂饮食意愿显著相关。据报道，女性比男性更愿意吃低脂饮食，而来自英国的参与者比来自马来西亚的参与者更不愿意参加体育活动。通过感知行为控制(即自我效能)、态度和描述性规范结合过去的行为预测，验证了TPB变量在解释意图方面的功效。研究结果还表明，文化、工作干扰和家庭变量在调节TPB-意向关系中的作用，并证实了TPB变量在工作需求和工作资源对意向的影响中起中介作用。实际上，促进健康，确定减少压力因素的战略;具体说明影响工作因素的重要认知因素，从而影响健康意图;并建议承认健康意图的特定文化决定因素。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 25

Healthy Change Processes-A Diary Study of Five Organizational Units. Establishing a Healthy Change Feedback Loop. 健康变革过程——五个组织单位的日记研究。建立健康的变化反馈循环。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2698

Mathilde Lien, P. O. Saksvik

This paper explores a change process in the Central Norway Regional Health Authority that was brought about by the implementation of a new economics and logistics system. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understanding of how employees' attitudes towards change develop over time and how attitudes differ between the five health trusts under this authority. In this paper, we argue that a process-oriented focus through a longitudinal diary method, in addition to action research and feedback loops, will provide greater understanding of the evaluation of organizational change and interventions. This is explored through the assumption that different units will have different perspectives and attitudes towards the same intervention over time because of different contextual and time-related factors. The diary method aims to capture the context, events, reflections and interactions when they occur and allows for a nuanced frame of reference for the different phases of the implementation process and how these phases are perceived by employees. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本文探讨了挪威中部地区卫生管理局的变化过程，这是由实施新的经济和物流系统所带来的。本文的目的是有助于理解员工对变化的态度是如何随着时间的推移而发展的，以及这种权力下五个健康信托机构之间的态度是如何不同的。在本文中，我们认为，除了行动研究和反馈循环之外，通过纵向日记方法的过程导向关注将更好地理解组织变革和干预的评估。这是通过假设不同的单位会有不同的观点和态度，随着时间的推移，同一干预由于不同的背景和时间相关的因素。日记法旨在捕捉上下文、事件、反思和互动，并为实施过程的不同阶段以及员工如何感知这些阶段提供细致入微的参考框架。版权所有©2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd。

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引用次数: 7

Increased Salivary Nitric Oxide and G6PD Activity in Refugees with Anxiety and Stress. 焦虑和压力难民唾液一氧化氮和G6PD活性升高。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2666

Omar Gammoh, A. Al-Smadi, W. Al-Awaida, Mujtaba M Badr, N. Qinna

Anxiety and stress are related to physiological changes in humans. Accumulating evidence suggests a cross-talk between psychiatric disorders and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to compare oxidative stress and defensive antioxidant biomarkers in a group of refugees with acute anxiety and stress with a group of local Jordanians. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Arabic version were used to assess anxiety and stress respectively. Salivary nitric oxide concentration, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and total salivary protein were compared. As expected, refugees showed higher anxiety and stress scores compared with Jordanians. Also, we report a significant increase in salivary nitric oxide and G6PD activity in the refugee group while total protein concentration did not vary between the two groups. This is the first study that demonstrates an increase in nitric oxide and G6PD activity in the saliva of refugees, thus highlighting their potential role as possible biomarkers in anxiety and stress disorders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

焦虑和压力与人类的生理变化有关。越来越多的证据表明，精神疾病和氧化应激之间存在相互作用。本研究的目的是比较一组患有急性焦虑和压力的难民与一组当地约旦人的氧化应激和防御性抗氧化生物标志物。分别采用哈密尔顿焦虑评定量表(HAM-A)和感知压力量表(PSS)阿拉伯文版本评估焦虑和压力。比较唾液一氧化氮浓度、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)活性和唾液总蛋白。不出所料，与约旦人相比，难民表现出更高的焦虑和压力得分。此外，我们报告了难民组唾液一氧化氮和G6PD活性的显著增加，而两组之间的总蛋白浓度没有变化。这是第一个证明难民唾液中一氧化氮和G6PD活性增加的研究，从而突出了它们作为焦虑和应激障碍可能的生物标志物的潜在作用。版权所有©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 12

Organizational Health Interventions: Advances in Evaluation Methodology. 组织健康干预:评价方法的进展。

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress

Pub Date : 2016-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2708

M. Karanika-Murray, C. Biron, P. O. Saksvik

引用次数: 15

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