The present study examined the role of stress as a moderator on the indirect effect of structural empowerment, through psychological empowerment, on three important nurse-related outcomes: affective organizational commitment, nursing workarounds, and safety performance. The results demonstrated that structural empowerment and psychological empowerment were positively related to affective organizational commitment and safety performance, while neither were significantly related to nursing workarounds. Consistent with previous findings, structural empowerment was also positively correlated with psychological empowerment. Mediation models were predominantly supported, providing evidence for the expanded model of empowerment. Finally, all three moderated mediation models were significant, although the impact of stress on the nursing workaround process was contrary to what was proposed. Findings offer significant implications for both researchers and practitioners, particularly in relation to the importance of workplace empowerment, the role of stress, and the nature of the nursing workarounds construct.
{"title":"When Empowered Nurses are Under Stress: Understanding the Impact on Attitudes and Behaviors.","authors":"Laura M. Heron, Valentina Bruk-Lee","doi":"10.1002/smi.2905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2905","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the role of stress as a moderator on the indirect effect of structural empowerment, through psychological empowerment, on three important nurse-related outcomes: affective organizational commitment, nursing workarounds, and safety performance. The results demonstrated that structural empowerment and psychological empowerment were positively related to affective organizational commitment and safety performance, while neither were significantly related to nursing workarounds. Consistent with previous findings, structural empowerment was also positively correlated with psychological empowerment. Mediation models were predominantly supported, providing evidence for the expanded model of empowerment. Finally, all three moderated mediation models were significant, although the impact of stress on the nursing workaround process was contrary to what was proposed. Findings offer significant implications for both researchers and practitioners, particularly in relation to the importance of workplace empowerment, the role of stress, and the nature of the nursing workarounds construct.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133339104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew T. Richesin, Michael D. Oliver, D. Baldwin, Lahai A M Wicks
Facial expressions influence both affective and cardiovascular responses to stress. However, previous research focuses primarily on positive expressions and is limited regarding additional facial expressions utilized on a day-to-day basis. This study examined an expression that is colloquially called a "Game Face": which refers to a serious, focused, or determined facial expression. The current study examined whether Game Face expressions would influence psychophysiological response (e.g., heart rate, skin conductance) and performance. In an investigation of physical performance (Study 1), participants (N=62) were asked to complete the cold-pressor task. Study 2 tested cognitive performance utilizing a puzzle task. Participants (N=62) were divided into two groups and were asked to complete a puzzle. In both studies, one group was asked to make a Game Face, while the other was given no instruction related to facial expression. Results show no significant differences in performance on the physical task. In terms of cognitive performance, results reveal significantly better performance in the Game Face group. Additionally, assessments of skin conductance show that participants who employed the Game Face during the cognitive task, displayed significant decreases from baseline following the puzzle manipulation. These results are promising regarding performance on a cognitive task and sympathetic nervous system activation, in concert with making a Game Face.
{"title":"Game Face Expressions and Performance on Competitive Tasks.","authors":"Matthew T. Richesin, Michael D. Oliver, D. Baldwin, Lahai A M Wicks","doi":"10.1002/smi.2899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2899","url":null,"abstract":"Facial expressions influence both affective and cardiovascular responses to stress. However, previous research focuses primarily on positive expressions and is limited regarding additional facial expressions utilized on a day-to-day basis. This study examined an expression that is colloquially called a \"Game Face\": which refers to a serious, focused, or determined facial expression. The current study examined whether Game Face expressions would influence psychophysiological response (e.g., heart rate, skin conductance) and performance. In an investigation of physical performance (Study 1), participants (N=62) were asked to complete the cold-pressor task. Study 2 tested cognitive performance utilizing a puzzle task. Participants (N=62) were divided into two groups and were asked to complete a puzzle. In both studies, one group was asked to make a Game Face, while the other was given no instruction related to facial expression. Results show no significant differences in performance on the physical task. In terms of cognitive performance, results reveal significantly better performance in the Game Face group. Additionally, assessments of skin conductance show that participants who employed the Game Face during the cognitive task, displayed significant decreases from baseline following the puzzle manipulation. These results are promising regarding performance on a cognitive task and sympathetic nervous system activation, in concert with making a Game Face.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124872989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though socioeconomic (SES) status partially explains the experience of stress and health outcomes, most research to date has relied on a small number of traditional indicators that fail to capture the full domain of socioeconomic factors. The recent reconceptualization of perceived scarcity is proposed as a subjective indicator of SES when attempting to predict both stress and health outcomes. Although a conceptualization of perceived scarcity has been advanced, a psychometrically sound scale is needed to assess the utility and scientific import of this concept. No such scale exists. Therefore, the current paper describes the development, psychometric properties, and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale (PScS). Four studies using traditional scale development processes were employed to develop (Studies 1 & 2) and provide an initial validation (Studies 3 & 4) for the PScS. Results support the existing model of perceived scarcity and indicate that the measure is valid. Moreover, the scale predicted concurrent perceived stress, as well as longitudinal ratings of perceived stress, global health, quality of life, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The development of the new scale provides clinicians and researchers with a brief, validated measure that can assess the level of perceived scarcity individuals currently experience.
{"title":"Development and Initial Validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale (PScS).","authors":"Maysa DeSousa, C. Reeve, A. Peterman","doi":"10.1002/smi.2908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2908","url":null,"abstract":"Though socioeconomic (SES) status partially explains the experience of stress and health outcomes, most research to date has relied on a small number of traditional indicators that fail to capture the full domain of socioeconomic factors. The recent reconceptualization of perceived scarcity is proposed as a subjective indicator of SES when attempting to predict both stress and health outcomes. Although a conceptualization of perceived scarcity has been advanced, a psychometrically sound scale is needed to assess the utility and scientific import of this concept. No such scale exists. Therefore, the current paper describes the development, psychometric properties, and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale (PScS). Four studies using traditional scale development processes were employed to develop (Studies 1 & 2) and provide an initial validation (Studies 3 & 4) for the PScS. Results support the existing model of perceived scarcity and indicate that the measure is valid. Moreover, the scale predicted concurrent perceived stress, as well as longitudinal ratings of perceived stress, global health, quality of life, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The development of the new scale provides clinicians and researchers with a brief, validated measure that can assess the level of perceived scarcity individuals currently experience.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127198728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although outcomes of job insecurity have been extensively examined, researchers have paid significantly less attention to antecedents of job insecurity. However, in order to lessen and eliminate job insecurity, a deeper understanding of the sources of job insecurity is required. Among triggers of job insecurity, very few studies have examined workplace interpersonal relationships as predictors of job insecurity. To fill this research gap, we examine the relation between workplace mistreatment (i.e., workplace incivility, bullying, and abusive supervision) and job insecurity. Examining multiple forms of mistreatment also allows us to compare and contrast the relative impact of each workplace mistreatment on job insecurity. Further, we identify a group of individuals who are particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of workplace mistreatment - those who are high in work centrality. Across two lagged survey studies, we largely found that work centrality exacerbates the relations of workplace incivility, bullying, and abusive supervision with job insecurity. Thus, this research contributes to the occupational health literature by demonstrating the relative predictive power of multiple forms of workplace mistreatment on job insecurity and identifying a vulnerable group who might suffer more from workplace mistreatment (i.e., those high in work centrality).
{"title":"From Workplace Mistreatment to Job Insecurity: The Moderating Effect of Work Centrality.","authors":"Victoria Li, Lixin Jiang, X. Xu","doi":"10.1002/smi.2915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2915","url":null,"abstract":"Although outcomes of job insecurity have been extensively examined, researchers have paid significantly less attention to antecedents of job insecurity. However, in order to lessen and eliminate job insecurity, a deeper understanding of the sources of job insecurity is required. Among triggers of job insecurity, very few studies have examined workplace interpersonal relationships as predictors of job insecurity. To fill this research gap, we examine the relation between workplace mistreatment (i.e., workplace incivility, bullying, and abusive supervision) and job insecurity. Examining multiple forms of mistreatment also allows us to compare and contrast the relative impact of each workplace mistreatment on job insecurity. Further, we identify a group of individuals who are particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of workplace mistreatment - those who are high in work centrality. Across two lagged survey studies, we largely found that work centrality exacerbates the relations of workplace incivility, bullying, and abusive supervision with job insecurity. Thus, this research contributes to the occupational health literature by demonstrating the relative predictive power of multiple forms of workplace mistreatment on job insecurity and identifying a vulnerable group who might suffer more from workplace mistreatment (i.e., those high in work centrality).","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114305031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Samios, J. Catania, Kate Newton, Tim Fulton, Ashley Breadman
There is increasing research on the role of savoring positive emotional experience in the context of stress. As such, we need a better understanding of how savoring and coping relate to each other and to psychological adjustment outcomes following a stressful life event. In particular, this study seeks to understand whether savoring is better conceptualized as a coping resource or a coping response. Three hundred people who experienced a highly stressful event in the past year completed measures of impact of event, savoring, coping, positive emotions, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. Results of bivariate correlations showed that savoring is positively correlated with positive coping (i.e., mastery and meaning-based coping) and socially-supported coping (i.e., using emotional and instrumental support) and negatively correlated with negative coping (i.e., self-judgement and avoidance coping). The results of path analyses support a model that positions savoring as a coping response that relates to other coping responses and indirectly relates to better psychological adjustment through positive emotions (when psychological adjustment is conceptualized as depression or life satisfaction but not anxiety). Findings provide preliminary support for conceptualizing savoring as a coping response; future research should consider measuring savoring as a coping response to further our understanding of savoring following a stressful life event.
{"title":"Stress, Savoring, and Coping: The Role of Savoring in Psychological Adjustment Following a Stressful Life Event.","authors":"C. Samios, J. Catania, Kate Newton, Tim Fulton, Ashley Breadman","doi":"10.1002/smi.2914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2914","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing research on the role of savoring positive emotional experience in the context of stress. As such, we need a better understanding of how savoring and coping relate to each other and to psychological adjustment outcomes following a stressful life event. In particular, this study seeks to understand whether savoring is better conceptualized as a coping resource or a coping response. Three hundred people who experienced a highly stressful event in the past year completed measures of impact of event, savoring, coping, positive emotions, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. Results of bivariate correlations showed that savoring is positively correlated with positive coping (i.e., mastery and meaning-based coping) and socially-supported coping (i.e., using emotional and instrumental support) and negatively correlated with negative coping (i.e., self-judgement and avoidance coping). The results of path analyses support a model that positions savoring as a coping response that relates to other coping responses and indirectly relates to better psychological adjustment through positive emotions (when psychological adjustment is conceptualized as depression or life satisfaction but not anxiety). Findings provide preliminary support for conceptualizing savoring as a coping response; future research should consider measuring savoring as a coping response to further our understanding of savoring following a stressful life event.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114703869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Branson, Edward Palmer, M. Dry, D. Turnbull
While traditional assumptions tend to conceptualise stress as inherently dysfunctional, psychological theory suggests it is not intrinsically maladaptive. Contemporary models emphasise that the stress response can be differentiated into both negative and positive aspects, known as distress and eustress. Research examining the differential effect of positive and negative stress on adolescent wellbeing is limited and has been hindered by a lack of appropriate measurement tools. The aim of the present study was to utilise the recently developed Adolescent Distress-Eustress Scale (ADES) to provide a balanced understanding of the impact of stress on positive mental health, holistically considering the effect of both distress and eustress on adolescent wellbeing. 1,081 Australian adolescents (Mage = 15.14, 54.03% female) completed an online survey comprising of the ADES alongside measures of wellbeing, self-efficacy, psychological illbeing, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness. Conditional Process Analysis suggested that distress exerted no direct influence on wellbeing, with the observed negative relationship fully mediated by psychological and behavioural variables. Contrastingly, eustress was both directly related to increased wellbeing and exerted an indirect effect through relationships with mediating variables. These results demonstrate that stress can have profoundly positive consequences. Theoretical contributions, implications for practice, and perspectives for future research are discussed.
{"title":"A holistic understanding of the effect of stress on adolescent wellbeing: A conditional process analysis.","authors":"Victoria Branson, Edward Palmer, M. Dry, D. Turnbull","doi":"10.1002/smi.2896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2896","url":null,"abstract":"While traditional assumptions tend to conceptualise stress as inherently dysfunctional, psychological theory suggests it is not intrinsically maladaptive. Contemporary models emphasise that the stress response can be differentiated into both negative and positive aspects, known as distress and eustress. Research examining the differential effect of positive and negative stress on adolescent wellbeing is limited and has been hindered by a lack of appropriate measurement tools. The aim of the present study was to utilise the recently developed Adolescent Distress-Eustress Scale (ADES) to provide a balanced understanding of the impact of stress on positive mental health, holistically considering the effect of both distress and eustress on adolescent wellbeing. 1,081 Australian adolescents (Mage = 15.14, 54.03% female) completed an online survey comprising of the ADES alongside measures of wellbeing, self-efficacy, psychological illbeing, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness. Conditional Process Analysis suggested that distress exerted no direct influence on wellbeing, with the observed negative relationship fully mediated by psychological and behavioural variables. Contrastingly, eustress was both directly related to increased wellbeing and exerted an indirect effect through relationships with mediating variables. These results demonstrate that stress can have profoundly positive consequences. Theoretical contributions, implications for practice, and perspectives for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While responses to stressors have both adverse and positive consequences on health, many believe that stress is entirely negative. Research revealed that negative beliefs about stress can hinder well-being and result in the avoidance of stressors. Stress-optimizing interventions that target various stress appraisal processes may be a useful tool to reframe how individuals understand and respond to stressors. The current study extends previous findings on stress reframing, and sought to examine the extent to which the presentation of information about stress outcomes may influence the individual to respond to subsequent stressors. Seventy-seven undergraduate students (96% female) were randomized into one of four reframing conditions (balanced stress outcomes, negative stress outcomes, positive stress outcomes, and control), and underwent a psychosocial stressor. Results highlight similarities between balanced and positive framings of stress across measures of heart rate and blood pressure, while subjective ratings of stress and electrodermal activity suggest balanced framing may be efficacious in attenuating stress. Findings are discussed in the context of differing stress optimizing interventions, and consider the complexities of the individual stress response.
{"title":"Reframing the Individual Stress Response: Balancing our Knowledge of Stress to Improve Responsivity to Stressors.","authors":"J. Liu, M. Reed, Kristin Vickers","doi":"10.1002/smi.2893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2893","url":null,"abstract":"While responses to stressors have both adverse and positive consequences on health, many believe that stress is entirely negative. Research revealed that negative beliefs about stress can hinder well-being and result in the avoidance of stressors. Stress-optimizing interventions that target various stress appraisal processes may be a useful tool to reframe how individuals understand and respond to stressors. The current study extends previous findings on stress reframing, and sought to examine the extent to which the presentation of information about stress outcomes may influence the individual to respond to subsequent stressors. Seventy-seven undergraduate students (96% female) were randomized into one of four reframing conditions (balanced stress outcomes, negative stress outcomes, positive stress outcomes, and control), and underwent a psychosocial stressor. Results highlight similarities between balanced and positive framings of stress across measures of heart rate and blood pressure, while subjective ratings of stress and electrodermal activity suggest balanced framing may be efficacious in attenuating stress. Findings are discussed in the context of differing stress optimizing interventions, and consider the complexities of the individual stress response.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129608807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine F Schubert, U. Schmidt, Hannah Comtesse, Dominique J. Gall-Kleebach, R. Rosner
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) may play a role in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder as it is supposed to have either beneficial or dysfunctional effects on treatment-related PTS symptom (PTSS) changes. This study examined whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD patients can foster PTG assessed by self-reports and reports from significant others. Forty-eight PTSD patients participating in trauma-focused CBT were assessed twice: at the beginning of therapy (T1) and after three months of therapy (T2, N=34). We used the Clinician Administered PTSD-Scale (CAPS) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and constructed a significant other version of the PTGI (PTGI-SOA). PTSS severity declined during the course of treatment, while PTG levels remained stable. Both the PTGI and PTGI-SOA were associated with higher PTSS reduction at T2. The results suggest that PTG is associated with greater improvement in PTSS during trauma-focused CBT, even though treatment could not directly enhance PTG. Significant other assessment seems to be a promising approach to improve PTG measurement.
{"title":"Posttraumatic Growth during Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Relationship to Symptom Change and Introduction of Significant Other Assessment.","authors":"Christine F Schubert, U. Schmidt, Hannah Comtesse, Dominique J. Gall-Kleebach, R. Rosner","doi":"10.1002/smi.2894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2894","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic growth (PTG) may play a role in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder as it is supposed to have either beneficial or dysfunctional effects on treatment-related PTS symptom (PTSS) changes. This study examined whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD patients can foster PTG assessed by self-reports and reports from significant others. Forty-eight PTSD patients participating in trauma-focused CBT were assessed twice: at the beginning of therapy (T1) and after three months of therapy (T2, N=34). We used the Clinician Administered PTSD-Scale (CAPS) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and constructed a significant other version of the PTGI (PTGI-SOA). PTSS severity declined during the course of treatment, while PTG levels remained stable. Both the PTGI and PTGI-SOA were associated with higher PTSS reduction at T2. The results suggest that PTG is associated with greater improvement in PTSS during trauma-focused CBT, even though treatment could not directly enhance PTG. Significant other assessment seems to be a promising approach to improve PTG measurement.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125625118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the workplace, people who identify as sexual minorities experience elevated levels of incivility, discrimination, and a general lack of protection from unfair workplace practices. These difficulties can then lead to adverse physical, psychological, and social outcomes. Internalized homonegativity may contribute to these negative outcomes as well. Psychological flexibility has been associated with improved psychological and physical health. The current study is a cross-sectional assessment (n = 312) of relations among work stress, well-being, psychological flexibility, and internalized homonegativity. It was hypothesized that greater work stress would be related to lower well-being, lower psychological flexibility, and higher internalized homonegativity. Further, it was hypothesized that internalized homonegativity and psychological flexibility would mediate the relation between work stress and well-being. Results indicated that psychological flexibility was a significant mediator between work stress and well-being, but internalized homonegativity was not. This suggests that psychological flexibility could be a useful tool for sexual minorities to respond effectively in difficult workplace situations.
{"title":"The Impact of Work Stress on Sexual Minority Employees: Could Psychological Flexibility be a Helpful Solution?","authors":"R. S. Singh, W. O’Brien","doi":"10.1002/smi.2913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2913","url":null,"abstract":"In the workplace, people who identify as sexual minorities experience elevated levels of incivility, discrimination, and a general lack of protection from unfair workplace practices. These difficulties can then lead to adverse physical, psychological, and social outcomes. Internalized homonegativity may contribute to these negative outcomes as well. Psychological flexibility has been associated with improved psychological and physical health. The current study is a cross-sectional assessment (n = 312) of relations among work stress, well-being, psychological flexibility, and internalized homonegativity. It was hypothesized that greater work stress would be related to lower well-being, lower psychological flexibility, and higher internalized homonegativity. Further, it was hypothesized that internalized homonegativity and psychological flexibility would mediate the relation between work stress and well-being. Results indicated that psychological flexibility was a significant mediator between work stress and well-being, but internalized homonegativity was not. This suggests that psychological flexibility could be a useful tool for sexual minorities to respond effectively in difficult workplace situations.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125043100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shadi Beshai, Brooklyn K Hammond, Sarah E. Bjornson
Heightened perceived stress is consistently associated with symptoms of psychopathology. Perceived stress can be reliability linked with physiological responses, such as increased heart rate. Even though dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower self-reported stress, no studies to-date have examined whether dispositional mindfulness can predict physiological responses to and recovery from stress. We recruited 142 student participants and administered a measure of dispositional mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short Form/FFMQ-SF) and a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Specifically, during the TSST, we instructed participants that they are about to deliver a presentation to a panel of judges, then informed them they no longer need to deliver this presentation, all while measuring their heart rate. We found that total FFMQ-SF and non-reactivity subscale scores were positively and significantly correlated with heart rate reactivity to the lab stressor. Further, we found that the FFMQ-SF facet of non-judgment was negatively and significantly correlated with the time it took for participants' heart rates to return to and stabilize at baseline. The results of this study elucidate potential mechanisms of mindfulness in stress. Specifically, mindfulness may not necessarily make people less reactive to stressors, but may operate through top-down processes to enhance recovery and resilience during stress.
{"title":"Dispositional Mindfulness is Associated with Heart Rate Reactivity and Recovery in Response to a Lab Stressor.","authors":"Shadi Beshai, Brooklyn K Hammond, Sarah E. Bjornson","doi":"10.1002/smi.2900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2900","url":null,"abstract":"Heightened perceived stress is consistently associated with symptoms of psychopathology. Perceived stress can be reliability linked with physiological responses, such as increased heart rate. Even though dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower self-reported stress, no studies to-date have examined whether dispositional mindfulness can predict physiological responses to and recovery from stress. We recruited 142 student participants and administered a measure of dispositional mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short Form/FFMQ-SF) and a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Specifically, during the TSST, we instructed participants that they are about to deliver a presentation to a panel of judges, then informed them they no longer need to deliver this presentation, all while measuring their heart rate. We found that total FFMQ-SF and non-reactivity subscale scores were positively and significantly correlated with heart rate reactivity to the lab stressor. Further, we found that the FFMQ-SF facet of non-judgment was negatively and significantly correlated with the time it took for participants' heart rates to return to and stabilize at baseline. The results of this study elucidate potential mechanisms of mindfulness in stress. Specifically, mindfulness may not necessarily make people less reactive to stressors, but may operate through top-down processes to enhance recovery and resilience during stress.","PeriodicalId":309674,"journal":{"name":"Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125391489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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