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2011 11th International Conference on Quality Software最新文献

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An Automatic Performance Modeling Approach to Capacity Planning for Multi-service Web Applications 多服务Web应用容量规划的自动性能建模方法
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.13
Xiang Huang, Wei Wang, Wen-bo Zhang, Jun Wei, Tao Huang
Capacities of online services are mainly determined by the interactions between workload and the services of the application. As the complexity of IT infrastructure increases, it is quite difficult to match the capacities of various services without the knowledge of their behaviors. The challenge to the existing works is to keep the performance model consistent with the services under live workload, because the workload and application behaviors are varied greatly. Therefore, new methods and modeling techniques that explain large-system behaviors and help analyze their future performance are now needed to effectively handle the emerging performance issues. In this paper, we proposed an automatic approach to build and rebuild performance model according to services' history statuses. Based on these statuses, user behaviors and their corresponding internal service relations are both modeled, and the CPU time consumed by each service is also got through Kalman filter. The analyzed results of our model can explain the behaviors of both the whole system and the individual services, and give valuable information for capacity planning. At last, our work is evaluated with TPC-W bench mark, whose results can demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
在线服务的能力主要由工作负载和应用程序服务之间的交互决定。随着IT基础设施复杂性的增加,在不了解其行为的情况下,很难匹配各种服务的能力。由于工作负载和应用程序行为变化很大,现有工作面临的挑战是如何使性能模型与实时工作负载下的服务保持一致。因此,现在需要新的方法和建模技术来解释大系统行为并帮助分析它们的未来性能,以有效地处理新出现的性能问题。本文提出了一种根据服务的历史状态自动构建和重建性能模型的方法。基于这些状态,对用户行为及其对应的内部服务关系进行建模,并通过卡尔曼滤波得到各服务消耗的CPU时间。该模型的分析结果既能解释整个系统的行为,也能解释单个服务的行为,为容量规划提供有价值的信息。最后,用TPC-W基准测试对我们的工作进行了评估,结果证明了我们的方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Program Debugging Using Constraints -- Is it Feasible? 使用约束进行程序调试——可行吗?
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.39
F. Wotawa, M. Nica
Automated debugging, i.e., automated fault localization in programs, is an important and challenging problem. In literature the use of AI techniques like model-based diagnosis have been reported in order to solve the debugging problem at least partially. Most recently stating the debugging problem as a constraint satisfaction problem has been suggested including the integration of pre- and post-conditions. In this paper we follow this approach and report on most recent results obtained when using a today's constraint solver. Moreover, we show that there is a very good correspondence between the running time required for finding bugs and the structure of the program's constraint representation. We are able to prove this relationship with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9. The empirical results indicate that the constraint satisfaction approach is very promising when focusing on debugging methods and functions up to 1,000 lines of code with an expected debugging time of less than 1 1/2 minute.
自动调试,即程序中的自动故障定位,是一个重要而具有挑战性的问题。在文献中,为了至少部分地解决调试问题,已经报道了使用基于模型的诊断等人工智能技术。最近,有人建议将调试问题描述为约束满足问题,包括前置条件和后置条件的集成。在本文中,我们遵循这种方法,并报告使用当今约束求解器获得的最新结果。此外,我们还表明,在查找错误所需的运行时间和程序约束表示的结构之间存在非常好的对应关系。我们能够用0.9的线性相关系数证明这种关系。经验结果表明,当专注于调试方法和函数时,约束满足方法非常有前途,最多可调试1,000行代码,预期调试时间少于1.5分钟。
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引用次数: 5
Static Detection of Bugs Caused by Incorrect Exception Handling in Java Programs Java程序中不正确异常处理引起的bug的静态检测
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.25
Xiaoquan Wu, Zhongxing Xu, Jun Wei
Exception handling is a vital but often poorly tested part of a program. Static analysis can spot bugs on exceptional paths without actually making the exceptions happen. However, the traditional methods only focus on null dereferences on exceptional paths, but do not check the states of variables, which may be corrupted by exceptions. In this paper we propose a static analysis method that combines forward flow sensitive analysis and backward path feasibility analysis, to detect bugs caused by incorrect exception handling in Java programs. We found 8 bugs in three open source server applications, 6 of which cannot be found by Find Bugs. The experiments showed that our method is effective for finding bugs related to poorly handled exceptions.
异常处理是程序中至关重要但往往没有经过充分测试的部分。静态分析可以发现异常路径上的错误,而不必实际导致异常发生。然而,传统的方法只关注异常路径上的空引用,而不检查变量的状态,这可能会被异常破坏。本文提出了一种将前向流程敏感性分析和后向路径可行性分析相结合的静态分析方法,用于检测Java程序中由于错误的异常处理而导致的bug。我们在三个开源服务器应用程序中发现了8个bug,其中6个无法通过查找bug找到。实验表明,我们的方法对于发现与处理不当的异常相关的bug是有效的。
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引用次数: 6
Model-Driven Design of Performance Requirements 性能需求的模型驱动设计
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.16
A. García-Domínguez, I. Medina-Bulo, M. Marcos-Bárcena
Obtaining the expected performance of a workflow is much simpler if the requirements for each of its tasks are well defined. However, most of the time, not all tasks have well-defined requirements, and these must be derived by hand. This can be an error-prone and time consuming process for complex workflows. In this work, we present an algorithm which can derive a time limit for each task in a workflow, using the available task and workflow expectations. The algorithm assigns the minimum time required by each task and distributes the slack according to the weights set by the user, while checking that the task and workflow expectations are consistent with each other. The algorithm avoids having to evaluate every path in the workflow by building its results incrementally over each edge. We have implemented the algorithm in a model handling language and tested it against a naive exhaustive algorithm which evaluates all paths. Our incremental algorithm reports equivalent results in much less time than the exhaustive algorithm.
如果每个任务的需求都定义得很好,那么获得工作流的预期性能就会简单得多。然而,大多数时候,并不是所有的任务都有定义良好的需求,这些需求必须手工导出。对于复杂的工作流,这可能是一个容易出错且耗时的过程。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种算法,该算法可以利用可用的任务和工作流期望来导出工作流中每个任务的时间限制。该算法为每个任务分配所需的最小时间,并根据用户设置的权值分配空闲时间,同时检查任务和工作流期望是否一致。该算法通过在每条边上逐步构建结果,避免了对工作流中的每条路径进行评估。我们已经在模型处理语言中实现了该算法,并对其进行了测试,该算法对所有路径进行了评估。我们的增量算法比穷举算法在更短的时间内报告相同的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Context-Sensitive Interprocedural Defect Detection Based on a Unified Symbolic Procedure Summary Model 基于统一符号过程摘要模型的上下文敏感过程间缺陷检测
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.15
Yunshan Zhao, Yunzhan Gong, Li Liu, Qing Xiao, Zhaohong Yang
Precise interprocedural analysis is crucial for defect detection faced with the problem of procedure call. Procedure summary is an effective and classical technique to handle this problem. However, there is no general recipe to construct and instantiate procedure summaries with context-sensitivity. This paper addresses the above challenge by introducing a unified symbolic procedure summary model (PSM), which consists of three aspects: (1) the post-condition briefly records the invocation side effects to calling context, (2) the feature means some inner attributes that might cause both the dataflow and control-flow transformation and (3) the pre-condition implies some potential dataflow safety properties that should not be violated at the call site, or there would exist defects. We represent each aspect of PSM in a three-valued logic:. Moreover, by comparing the concrete call site context (CSC) with the conditional constraints (CC), we achieve context-sensitivity while instantiating the summary. Furthermore, we proposed a summary transfer function for capturing the nesting call effect of a procedure, which transfers the procedure summary in a bottom-up manner. Algorithms are proposed to construct and instantiate the summary model at concrete call sites with context-sensitivity. Experimental results on 10 open source GCC benchmarks attest to the effectiveness of our technique on detecting null pointer dereference and out of boundary defects.
面对程序调用问题,精确的程序间分析是缺陷检测的关键。程序总结是处理这一问题的一种有效而经典的方法。但是,没有通用的方法来构造和实例化具有上下文敏感性的过程摘要。本文通过引入统一的符号过程总结模型(PSM)来解决上述问题,该模型包括三个方面:(1)后置条件简要记录了调用对调用上下文的副作用;(2)特征意味着一些可能导致数据流和控制流转换的内部属性;(3)前置条件暗示了一些潜在的数据流安全属性,这些属性在调用现场不应该被违反,否则就会存在缺陷。我们用三值逻辑表示PSM的每个方面:此外,通过比较具体的呼叫站点上下文(CSC)和条件约束(CC),我们在实例化摘要时实现了上下文敏感性。此外,我们提出了一个捕获过程嵌套调用效果的摘要传递函数,该函数以自下而上的方式传递过程摘要。提出了具有上下文敏感性的在具体调用点构造和实例化摘要模型的算法。在10个开源GCC基准测试上的实验结果证明了我们的技术在检测空指针解引用和越界缺陷方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 14
The Application of a New Process Quality Measurement Model for Software Process Improvement Initiatives 一种新的过程质量度量模型在软件过程改进计划中的应用
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.29
A. S. Güceglioglu, Onur Demirörs
Conventionally, process analysis is performed by following the traces of processes on the attributes of cost, time and product quality. Although process quality is a significant aspect it is frequently ignored in process analysis. In this paper, we present the results of the applications of the Process Quality Measurement Model (PQMM) and demonstrate the added value that can be acquired by analyzing the process quality for software organizations. The PQMM is a comprehensive and proactive quality measurement model based on the ISO/IEC 9126 Software Product Quality Standard [1]. The basis of the PQMM is the measurement of process definitions. As process definitions can be established before their execution, the PQMM can measure processes before they are put into practice. The model was applied to three different software organizations as part of a software process improvement initiative. The applications of the PQMM provided guidance for the analysis and explanation of the deficiencies or problems identified in the processes. The PQMM was also applied to the improved versions of the processes and facilitated a quantitative evaluation of the improvements accomplished in the processes.
传统上,过程分析是通过跟踪过程在成本、时间和产品质量属性上的轨迹来执行的。过程质量是过程分析中一个重要的方面,但却经常被忽略。在本文中,我们展示了过程质量度量模型(PQMM)的应用结果,并演示了通过分析软件组织的过程质量可以获得的附加价值。PQMM是基于ISO/IEC 9126软件产品质量标准[1]的全面和主动的质量测量模型。PQMM的基础是过程定义的度量。由于过程定义可以在执行之前建立,因此PQMM可以在过程付诸实践之前对其进行度量。该模型作为软件过程改进计划的一部分应用于三个不同的软件组织。PQMM的应用为分析和解释过程中发现的缺陷或问题提供了指导。PQMM也应用于过程的改进版本,并促进了过程中完成的改进的定量评估。
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引用次数: 15
BAM: A Requirements Validation and Verification Framework for Business Process Models BAM:业务流程模型的需求确认和验证框架
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.33
Sven Feja, Sören Witt, A. Speck
Requirements Engineering is an important part of software development processes. Business process models are widely used for the specification of software. Hence, the quality of the software depends on the quality of the process models. Validation of these semi-formal models against informal requirements has to be done manually. In contrast, formal requirements can be used for automatic validation and verification of process models. However, there is a gap between textual formal specification languages and graphical process models. In this contribution we present the Business Application Modeler (BAM). This is a modeling and Validation and Verification (V&V) tool, that reduces this gap by integrating formal, graphical and reusable requirement specifications into the modeling workflow. Furthermore, BAM provides the definition of customizable views on the models (MultiView), that reduce modeling complexity and allow the assignment of responsibilities. We further show how BAM integrates into a common requirements engineering process.
需求工程是软件开发过程的重要组成部分。业务流程模型广泛用于软件规范。因此,软件的质量取决于过程模型的质量。这些半正式模型对非正式需求的验证必须手工完成。相反,形式化需求可以用于过程模型的自动确认和验证。然而,在文本形式规范语言和图形过程模型之间存在差距。在本文中,我们介绍了业务应用程序建模器(BAM)。这是一个建模和验证(V&V)工具,它通过将形式化的、图形化的和可重用的需求规范集成到建模工作流中来减少这个差距。此外,BAM还提供了模型上可定制视图的定义(MultiView),从而降低了建模的复杂性,并允许分配责任。我们将进一步展示BAM如何集成到一个通用的需求工程过程中。
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引用次数: 16
A Comparative Evaluation of Cache Strategies for Elastic Caching Platforms 弹性缓存平台缓存策略的比较评价
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.14
Xiulei Qin, Wen-bo Zhang, Wei Wang, Jun Wei, Hua Zhong, Tao Huang
With the rapid development of cloud computing, traditional TP applications are evloving into the Extreme Transaction Processing (XTP) applications which are characterized by exceptionally demanding performance, scalability, availability, security, manageability and dependability require requirements, elastic caching platforms (ECPs) are introduced to help meet these requirements. Three popular cache strategies for ECPs have been proposed, say replicated strategy, partitioned strategy and near strategy. According to our investigations, many ECPs support multiple cache strategies. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of the three cache strategies using the TPC-W benchmark. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first evaluation of distributed cache strategies for ECPs. The main contribution of this work is guidelines that could help system administrators decide effectively which cache strategy would perform better under different conditions. Our work shows that the selection of the best cache strategy is related with workload patterns, cluster size and the number of concurrent users. We also find that four important metrics (number of "get" operations, message throughput, get/put ratio, and cache hit rate) could be used to help characterize the current condition.
随着云计算的快速发展,传统的TP应用程序正在向极限事务处理(XTP)应用程序发展,XTP应用程序对性能、可伸缩性、可用性、安全性、可管理性和可靠性要求极高,弹性缓存平台(ECPs)的引入有助于满足这些需求。目前提出了三种常用的ecp缓存策略,即复制策略、分区策略和接近策略。根据我们的调查,许多ecp支持多种缓存策略。在本文中,我们使用TPC-W基准评估了三种缓存策略的影响。据我们所知,本文是对ecp分布式缓存策略的首次评估。这项工作的主要贡献是指导方针,这些指导方针可以帮助系统管理员有效地决定哪种缓存策略在不同条件下执行得更好。我们的研究表明,最佳缓存策略的选择与工作负载模式、集群大小和并发用户数量有关。我们还发现可以使用四个重要指标(“get”操作的次数、消息吞吐量、get/put比率和缓存命中率)来帮助描述当前状况。
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引用次数: 5
A Comparison of Test Generation Algorithms for Testing Application Interactions 测试应用程序交互的测试生成算法的比较
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.12
Antti Nieminen, A. Jääskeläinen, H. Virtanen, Mika Katara
Testing the interactions of different applications running in the same operating system or platform poses challenges for manual testing and conventional script-based automation. Towards this end, we have developed an online model-based testing solution allowing efficient testing of such interactions. This paper presents the results of the comparison of algorithms used for generating tests for interaction testing. The comparison is based on our experiments with a number of different algorithms as well as results from the earlier studies by others. Given the simplicity of implementation, Random Walk seems very useful and practical solution for online test generation. However, each of the compared algorithms has its strong points, making the selection dependent of the metric one wants to emphasize and the available a priori information. Especially when the execution of test events is slow, smarter algorithms have advantage over simple random walk.
测试运行在相同操作系统或平台上的不同应用程序的交互对手动测试和传统的基于脚本的自动化提出了挑战。为此,我们开发了一种基于模型的在线测试解决方案,允许对此类交互进行有效的测试。本文介绍了用于交互测试的测试生成算法的比较结果。比较是基于我们对许多不同算法的实验以及其他人早期研究的结果。考虑到实现的简单性,随机漫步似乎是非常有用和实用的在线测试生成解决方案。然而,每种比较算法都有其优点,使得选择依赖于想要强调的度量和可用的先验信息。特别是当测试事件的执行速度较慢时,更智能的算法比简单的随机漫步更有优势。
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引用次数: 8
Towards Balancing Determinism, Memory Consumption and Throughput for RTSJ-Based Real-Time Applications 基于rtsj的实时应用的确定性、内存消耗和吞吐量平衡
Pub Date : 2011-07-13 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.28
Xiaowei Zhang, Donggang Cao, Hong Mei, Fuqing Yang
Determinism, memory consumption and throughput are three important performance indicators for RTSJ-based real-time applications, but they often interact and conflict with each other. Manually balancing these performance indicators is often time-consuming. Therefore, there is the need to clarify the relationship among the performance metrics and make trade-off automatically. In this paper, we abstract real-time thread properties relating to these performance indicators and analyze their relationship. Based on the analysis, an automatic configuration framework to balance the performance metrics is proposed. In this framework, a stochastic process is developed to represent real-time threads' determinism. And real-time application's throughput and memory consumption is quantified with these thread properties as parameters. Experiment results based on Sweet Factory application show that our approach could optimize memory consumption and throughput while guaranteeing determinism effectively.
确定性、内存消耗和吞吐量是基于rtsj的实时应用程序的三个重要性能指标,但它们经常相互作用和冲突。手动平衡这些性能指标通常非常耗时。因此,有必要澄清性能指标之间的关系,并自动进行权衡。本文抽象了与这些性能指标相关的实时线程属性,并分析了它们之间的关系。在此基础上,提出了一种平衡性能指标的自动配置框架。在此框架中,开发了一个随机过程来表示实时线程的确定性。并以这些线程属性为参数量化实时应用程序的吞吐量和内存消耗。基于糖厂应用的实验结果表明,该方法在保证确定性的同时,可以有效地优化内存消耗和吞吐量。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2011 11th International Conference on Quality Software
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