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Creation of Humorous Situation By Flouting Conversational Maxims Accompanied By Facial Expression in “Friends” 《老友记》中戏谑对话格言并辅以面部表情的幽默情境
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.51956
Faiza Maulida, Fahrur Rozi, Hendi Pratama
This study focused on analyzing the humorous situation created by flouting conversational maxims that were followed by facial expressions found in situated comedy Friends. The analysis included how humorous situation were generated by flouting conversational maxims and the relationship between humorous situation and facial expressions. The results of the study showed that the humorous situations categorized were generated by flouting Grice maxims in which satire and over/understatement were frequently created by means of the implicature from flouting the conversational maxims. In flouting quality, the characters tended not to employ direct lying to other people as it would influence the perspective of the audience about lying to other people as common things although hidden meanings were provided behind the utterances with joy facial expressions. In flouting quantity, the humorous situation was dominated by the creation of overstatement and understatement which were accompanied mostly by joyous facial expression as in line with the definition of overstatement and understatement. In flouting relation, the humorous situation was dominated by satire accompanied by anger facial expressions and clever replies to serious statement accompanied by joyous facial expressions. In flouting manner, satire and pun humorous situation was mostly generated by anger and contempt facial expression. In addition, there were close relationship between certain humorous situation created by flouting conversational maxims and facial expressions. For further study, it is recommended that the study of humorous situation could explore the other aspect of pragmatics elements such as how humor could be generated through the use of politeness strategies within a conversation.
这项研究的重点是分析情景喜剧《老友记》中因藐视会话格言和面部表情而产生的幽默情境。分析了幽默情境是如何通过藐视会话格言而产生的,以及幽默情境与面部表情之间的关系。研究结果表明,被归类的幽默情境是由藐视Grice格言产生的,其中讽刺和过度/轻描淡写往往是通过藐视会话格言的暗示而产生的。在蔑视质量的过程中,角色倾向于不直接对他人撒谎,因为这会影响观众对向他人撒谎这一常见事物的看法,尽管在带有喜悦表情的话语背后提供了隐藏的含义。在蔑视数量的情况下,幽默的情况主要是夸大和轻描淡写的创造,这些创造大多伴随着快乐的面部表情,这符合夸大和轻写的定义。在蔑视关系中,幽默情境以讽刺为主,伴随着愤怒的面部表情,对严肃陈述的巧妙回应伴随着喜悦的面部表情。在蔑视方式上,讽刺双关的幽默情境主要是由愤怒和蔑视的面部表情产生的。此外,由于藐视会话格言而产生的某些幽默情境和面部表情之间也存在着密切的关系。为了进一步研究,建议对幽默情境的研究可以探索语用学元素的其他方面,例如如何通过在对话中使用礼貌策略来产生幽默。
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引用次数: 1
The Use of Cohesive Devices in Research Paper Conference to Achieve Texts Coherence 论文会议中衔接手段的运用以达到语篇连贯
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.53228
Perwari Melati Akmilia, Abdurrachman Faridi, Zulfa Sakhiyya
This paper employs discourse analysis to investigate cohesive devices and coherence in research articles. The research was based on a purposive random sampling of 10 research articles from the 8th ELTLT Conference 2019. The text analyzed in this paper includes the abstract, introduction, research methodology, findings and discussions, and conclusion. We seek to find out grammatical and lexical cohesion as conceptualized by Halliday and Hasan's (1976) concept, i.e., reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, reiteration, and collocation. Furthermore, we discover the relation among research articles to achieve coherence by employing logical relations that highlight Thornbury's (2005) theory. According to the findings, the authors used cohesive devices in the creation of their writing product. From a total of 1955 clauses in 224 paragraphs, it was determined that almost all types of cohesive devices are used throughout the text. The conjunction of addition was the most frequently used cohesive device in the texts. Our findings demonstrate that authors engage the additional information to create a text without changing the context in the previous clause or sentence. However, there was no evidence of verbal ellipsis in the texts we examined. It was because the authors did not use both lexical verbs and modal operators. In conclusion, a cohesive device binds text together and bridges the gaps to avoid misleading context and achieve text coherence. Further studies need to explore the use of cohesive devices as a tool to improve the quality of writing.
本文运用语篇分析法对研究性文章中的衔接手段和连贯性进行了研究。这项研究基于对2019年第八届ELTLT会议的10篇研究文章的有目的的随机抽样。本文分析的文本包括摘要、引言、研究方法、发现与讨论以及结论。我们试图找出韩礼德和哈桑(1976)概念中的语法和词汇衔接,即指称、替代、省略、连词、重复和搭配。此外,我们发现了研究文章之间的关系,通过使用突出Thornbury(2005)理论的逻辑关系来实现连贯性。根据研究结果,作者在写作产品的创作中使用了衔接手段。从224段共1955个条款中可以确定,几乎所有类型的衔接手段都在全文中使用。附加连词是文本中最常用的衔接手段。我们的研究结果表明,作者在不改变前一个从句或句子的上下文的情况下,利用额外的信息来创建文本。然而,在我们研究的文本中,没有证据表明存在言语省略。这是因为作者没有同时使用词汇动词和语气词。总之,衔接手段将文本结合在一起,弥合差距,以避免误导上下文,实现文本连贯。进一步的研究需要探索使用衔接手段作为提高写作质量的工具。
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引用次数: 3
Cultural Contents on New Step-Up: Reading and Writing for University Students 新台阶上的文化内容:大学生的阅读与写作
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.51090
Yuliana Zakiyah, D. Rukmini
EFL coursebooks still become an essential teaching medium for teachers and a primary learning source for students. This research aims at identifying the kinds of source culture and themes of culture in the reading texts, reading exercises, and writing exercises. The method used in this research was qualitative with content analysis. The textbook contains 14 chapters, divided into two subject materials. There were seven units for reading materials and seven units for writing materials. The analysis found that the international target culture and small “c” culture was dominantly presented in the reading texts. Another result showed that the small “c” culture was dominantly presented in the reading exercises. The last result revealed that the cultural contents were used in each unit of the writing exercises. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that the reading passages and reading exercises in the textbook should be developed more in terms of kinds of source culture and themes of culture. Also, English materials developers, especially the authors should include more source culture particularly in reading passages and reading exercises. Finally, it can be inferred that the textbook can be used as one of the learning sources in Islamic University.
EFL教材仍然是教师的重要教学媒介,也是学生的主要学习来源。本研究旨在识别阅读文本、阅读练习和写作练习中的源文化类型和文化主题。本研究采用定性和内容分析相结合的方法。这本教科书共有14章,分为两个主题材料。共有七个单元用于阅读材料,七个单元为写作材料。分析发现,国际目标文化和小c文化在阅读文本中占主导地位。另一个结果表明,小c文化在阅读练习中占主导地位。最后的结果表明,文化内容被用于写作练习的每个单元。根据研究结果,建议教材中的阅读段落和阅读练习应更多地从源文化的种类和文化主题方面进行发展。此外,英语材料开发人员,尤其是作者,应该在阅读段落和阅读练习中加入更多的源文化。最后,可以推断该教材可以作为伊斯兰大学的学习资源之一。
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引用次数: 1
The Implementation of High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Assessment to Evaluate the Students’ Reading Comprehension Achievement 运用高阶思维技能(HOTS)评价学生阅读理解成绩
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.52571
Leila Nurul Amali, Dwi Anggani Linggar Bharati, Fahrur Rozi
HOTS promote the idea of assessing students’ critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving. However, many teachers claimed to have difficulties in designing questions and implementing them in teaching and learning process. The present study aimed to explain how teachers perceive, implement, and assess HOTS assessment in teaching reading comprehension. It employed an exploratory sequential design. Using the purposive sampling technique, two English teachers from SMA N 1 Pati were involved. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, classroom observations, and tests. This study reveals that the teachers had a good perception of HOTS assessment in terms of concept and implementation. They implemented HOTS assessment using appropriate strategies and methods in teaching reading comprehension. In addition, the teachers designed the proper assessment using HOTS assessment in assessing reading comprehension. The students’ achievement also had achieved the required score in reading comprehension. All the results aligned with teachers’ perceptions, implementations, assessments, and students’ achievement. Although the teachers had exemplary performance, they still met difficulties due to students’ needs and motivation. Therefore, it was expected for further research to conduct more detailed research in a long time to collect more valid and complete information about HOTS assessment.
HOTS提倡评估学生的批判性思维、创造力和解决问题的能力。然而,许多教师声称在设计问题和在教学和学习过程中实施问题方面存在困难。本研究旨在解释教师在阅读理解教学中如何感知、实施和评估HOTS评估。它采用了探索性的顺序设计。采用目的性抽样方法,对来自SMA N1 Pati的两名英语教师进行了调查。数据是通过半结构化访谈、文件分析、课堂观察和测试收集的。本研究表明,教师对HOTS评估在概念和实施方面有良好的认知。他们在阅读理解教学中采用适当的策略和方法进行HOTS评估。此外,教师在阅读理解评估中使用HOTS评估设计了适当的评估。学生的阅读理解成绩也达到了要求的分数。所有结果都与教师的认知、实施、评估和学生的成绩相一致。尽管老师们的表现堪称楷模,但由于学生的需求和动机,他们仍然遇到了困难。因此,期望进一步的研究在很长一段时间内进行更详细的研究,以收集更有效和完整的HOTS评估信息。
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引用次数: 5
Thematic Structure and Thematic Progression in Research Articles Published in Scopus-Indexed International Journals Scopus索引国际期刊研究文章的主位结构与主位进展
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.53229
E. Susilowati, Abdurrachman Faridi, Zulfa Sakhiyya
Publishing in highly-indexed journals is greatly competitive, thus writing a qualified and eligible text becomes more challenging for a second/foreign language writer of English. A good text should be written logically and organized effectively according to the role of good academic writing. Thematic structure and thematic progression contribute to the development of a well-structured meaningful text. This study examines the use of thematic structure and thematic progression in research articles published in Q1 and Q2 Scopus-indexed international journals as well as their relationship to achieve the texts’ coherence. This is a descriptive qualitative study within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) that employs discourse analysis. 3426 clauses gathered from ten research articles were analyzed by using Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) taxonomy of thematic structure and Eggins’s (2004) theory of thematic progression. This study highlights three major findings. Firstly, in terms of thematic structure, the textual theme is massively used followed by the topical and interpersonal theme. The predominance of the textual theme implies the authors’ ability in developing the logical relations between clauses. Secondly, in terms of the thematic progression, the theme reiteration pattern is frequently employed, followed by the multiple-rheme and the zig-zag pattern. The tremendous use of the theme reiteration indicates the authors’ ability in maintaining the focus of the texts. Thirdly, the relationship between thematic structure and thematic progression constructs logical relations between the clauses to achieve the texts’ coherence. Finally, this study provides some pedagogical implications for the teaching of English as a second/foreign language.
在索引很高的期刊上发表文章极具竞争力,因此,对于英语第二语言/外语作家来说,写一篇合格的文章变得更具挑战性。一篇好的文章应该根据好的学术写作的作用,有逻辑地写出,并有效地组织起来。主位结构和主位推进有助于形成结构良好、有意义的文本。本研究考察了在Scopus索引的第一季度和第二季度国际期刊上发表的研究文章中主题结构和主题进展的使用,以及它们之间的关系,以实现文本的连贯性。这是一个在系统功能语言学(SFL)框架内的描述性定性研究,采用语篇分析。运用Halliday和Matthiessen(2014)的主位结构分类法和Eggins(2004)的主格进行理论,对10篇研究文章中的3426个从句进行了分析。这项研究强调了三个主要发现。首先,在主题结构方面,大量使用文本主题,其次是主题和人际主题。语篇主题的主导意味着作者有能力发展从句之间的逻辑关系。其次,在主位推进方面,主位重复模式被频繁使用,其次是多个修辞位和Z字形模式。主题重复的大量使用表明了作者保持文本焦点的能力。第三,主位结构与主位进行之间的关系构建了从句之间的逻辑关系,以实现语篇的连贯性。最后,本研究为英语作为第二外语的教学提供了一些教学启示。
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引用次数: 2
Factors Affecting the Implementation of Authentic Assessment to Measure Students’ Reading Comprehension: A Case of English Teachers at State Senior High School 1 Purwodadi 影响学生阅读理解实施真实性评估的因素——以普沃达迪一高中英语教师为例
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.52096
Fitri Nugraheni, Mursid Saleh, Rudi Hartono
The term of assessment refers to the wide variety of methods or tools that educators use to evaluate or measure students’ learning progress, skill, or acquisition. The benefit of assessment for teachers can be used to gather information on planning and modifying teaching and learning programs for students. This study concerns to the factors affecting the implementation of authentic assessment in reading comprehension. This study was aimed at answering four research questions regarding (1) the implementation of authentic assessment to measure students’ reading comprehension, (2) the correlation between teacher’s background and the implementation of authentic assessment, (3) the correlation between teacher’s professional development and the implementation of authentic assessment, and (4) the correlation between teacher’s belief and the implementation of authentic assessment. The researcher applied quantitative correlation research design. The correlation research design was used since it was appropriate to measure the significant correlation between those two variables. The findings revealed that three teachers as the subject of this research had good effort in implementing authentic assessment. They created various assessment to assess students’ reading comprehension. Based on the observation which has scored, their implementation belongs to good, enough, and fair criteria. The next finding is that based on the SPSS computation, among three factors stated previously, the teacher’s belief is significant correlate to the implementation of authentic assessment, meanwhile teacher’s background and teacher’s professional development are not significant correlate.
评估是指教育工作者用来评估或衡量学生学习进度、技能或习得的各种方法或工具。教师评估的好处可以用来收集有关规划和修改学生教学计划的信息。本研究探讨影响阅读理解实施真实性评估的因素。本研究旨在回答四个研究问题:(1)实施真实评估来衡量学生的阅读理解;(2)教师背景与实施真实评估之间的相关性,(4)教师信念与实施真实评估的相关性。研究者采用定量相关研究设计。使用相关性研究设计是因为它适合测量这两个变量之间的显著相关性。研究结果显示,三名教师作为本研究的对象,在实施真实评估方面做出了良好的努力。他们创建了各种评估来评估学生的阅读理解能力。根据已经评分的观察结果,它们的实施属于良好、足够和公平的标准。下一个发现是,基于SPSS计算,在前面所述的三个因素中,教师的信念与真实评估的实施显著相关,而教师的背景与教师的专业发展不显著相关。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluating the Use of Discourse Markers in Selected English Education Journal Articles 评价英语教育期刊文章中语篇标记语的使用
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.52252
Egi Raputri, Hendi Pratama, Rudi Hartono
Considering the important roles of discourse markers in writing academic purposes, the researchers evaluate the use of discourse markers in English Education Journal articles. This research aims to find out the types of discourse markers precisely contrastive, elaborative and inferential discourse markers, and the errors in using those expressions. This research uses a qualitative research design with the data from written language especially the journal articles published by English Education Journal (EEJ). Thus, specifically this research employs content analysis. There were twenty journal articles analyzed. They represented their volume especially there are four volumes in 2020. The findings of this research demonstrated that all of the research data applied those types of discourse markers. The type of elaborative discourse markers were the first type used by the writers. It is the frequently used by the writers in the journal articles. In this case, it used in 890 times. The expression frequently used is and. Meanwhile, the errors in using discourse markers in the journal articles occurred in 17 times. Here, the wrong relation category as the commonly applied in 7 times. These findings inform us to improve our awareness in applying those expressions. Thus, it can be concluded that the discourse markers is required in creating journal articles. Therefore, the writers have to concern regarding to the categories of errors in using discourse markers for avoiding inappropriateness.
考虑到语篇标记在学术写作中的重要作用,研究人员对英语教育期刊文章中语篇标记的使用进行了评估。本研究旨在找出话语标记的类型,即对比语、阐述语和推理语,以及在使用这些表达时的错误。本研究采用定性研究设计,数据来源于书面语言,特别是《英语教育杂志》(EEJ)发表的期刊文章。因此,具体来说,本研究采用了内容分析。共分析了20篇期刊文章。他们代表了他们的数量,特别是2020年有四卷。本研究的结果表明,所有的研究数据都应用了这些类型的话语标记。解释性话语标记语是作家使用的第一种类型。它是作者在期刊文章中经常使用的。在这种情况下,它使用了890次。经常使用的表达是and。同时,在期刊文章中出现语篇标记错误的次数为17次。这里,错误关系的范畴为常用的7次。这些发现告诉我们在使用这些表达时要提高我们的意识。由此可见,在期刊论文创作中,话语标记是必不可少的。因此,作者在使用语篇标记语时必须注意错误的种类,以避免出现语篇不恰当的情况。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of DuoLingo and SPADA to Teach Listening to Students with Different Achievement Levels 多邻国和SPADA在不同学习水平学生听力教学中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15294/eej.v12i1.54417
Hadziq Najmuddin Purwanto, Abdurrahman Faridi, Fahrur Rozi
There are various levels of students’ achievement in English listening classrooms. Students with different achievement levels (i.e. high achieveing students and low achieveing students) respond differently towards teaching media as well. The aim of this research was to examine the difference of students’ performance, both before and after they were taught by using two English listening teaching media namely DuoLingo mobile application and SPADA (Sistem Pembelajaran Daring Indonesia) platform. As a quantitative research it employed the Experimental factorial 2 x 2 design. Students were divided into two groups based on their achievement classification. The two groups involved in this study were high achieveing students and low achieveing students, and each group were further divided into another two group to be taught with DuoLingo mobile application a for one group and with Sistem Pembelajaran Daring Indonesia platform for the other group. It was found that both Duo Lingo mobile application and Sistem Pembelajaran Daring Indonesia platform does contribute to an increase in students’ performance for both high achievers and low achievers. This research is expected to contribute as a reference for English teachers to choose teaching media to teach listening to students with different achievement levels, and also as a further research regarding media usage for teaching listening to students with different achievement levels.
在英语听力课堂上,学生的成绩参差不齐。不同成就水平的学生(即高成就学生和低成就学生)对教学媒体的反应也不同。本研究的目的是检验学生在使用DuoLingo移动应用程序和SPADA(Sistem Pemberajaran Daring Indonesia)平台两种英语听力教学媒体教学前后的表现差异。作为定量研究,它采用了实验因子2x2设计。根据成绩分类,学生被分为两组。参与本研究的两组学生分别是成绩优异的学生和成绩较差的学生,每组学生被进一步分为另外两组,一组使用DuoLingo移动应用程序a进行教学,另一组使用Sistem Pemberajaran Daring Indonesia平台进行教学。研究发现,Duo-Lingo移动应用程序和Sistem Pemberajaran Daring Indonesia平台确实有助于提高高成就者和低成就者的学生成绩。本研究旨在为英语教师选择教学媒体对不同成绩水平的学生进行听力教学提供参考,也为进一步研究不同成绩水平学生使用媒体进行听力教学做出贡献。
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引用次数: 3
The frequency of the rhetorical pattern of undergraduate thesis background section in English education departments of two universities in Aceh 亚齐两所大学英语教育系本科生论文背景部分修辞模式的频率
Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.24815/eej.v13i1.22409
Imam Al Farisyi, I. A. Samad, Saiful Marhaban
This research examined the rhetorical pattern of thesis background, particularly the undergraduate scripts of English education department students. The study aims to find out the frequency of the rhetorical patterns in writing thesis background. The approach used in this study is a qualitative method based on content analysis. The sample consisted of 20 English education undergraduate theses from two universities in Indonesia. The data were analyzed based on Kanoksilapatham (2005) classification by following the framework of Swales’s CARS model (2004). The results show that the undergraduate students of English departments have a similar frequency of the rhetorical pattern with the framework guidance. Although some students have reached an adequate standard in writing research background using their own way, they also should improve the language style in academic writing.
本研究考察了论文背景的修辞模式,特别是英语教育系学生的本科脚本。本研究旨在了解论文写作背景中修辞模式的出现频率。本研究中使用的方法是一种基于内容分析的定性方法。样本包括来自印度尼西亚两所大学的20篇英语教育本科生论文。根据Kanoksilapatham(2005)的分类,遵循Swales的CARS模型(2004)的框架对数据进行分析。结果表明,在框架指导下,英语系本科生的修辞模式频率相近。尽管一些学生已经用自己的方式在写作研究背景上达到了足够的标准,但他们也应该在学术写作中改进语言风格。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation on using teaching media in teaching speaking skill 运用教学媒体进行口语教学的调查研究
Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.24815/eej.v13i1.23147
Fitri Marhamah, A. Muslem
Teaching media is a mode and learning messages to students that can help teachers to improve students’ learning achievement. This study aimed at finding kinds of the teaching media used by teacher in teaching speaking skill and the obstacles that she encountered in using teaching media. This study is a qualitative study. There were one teacher and one online class meeting involved in this study. To collect the data, the researcher employed observation via Zoom Cloud Meeting recording and interview. The result of the study indicates that there are 8 of teaching media which are generally used by the teacher, comprising: Zoom application, WhatsApp group, Microsoft word and Microsoft PowerPoint, video, YouTube, whiteboard, and course book. The teacher faced the obstacles toward the difference background of students’ ability, the number of the students, the availability of network, and the teacher’s less attention in using teaching media. In short, the teacher should consider the appropriateness of teaching materials to the students’ level of intelligence because it will help them to understand the material successfully.
教学媒体是一种传递给学生的学习信息和模式,可以帮助教师提高学生的学习成绩。本研究旨在找出教师在口语技巧教学中所使用的教学媒体种类,以及教师在使用教学媒体时所遇到的障碍。本研究为定性研究。本研究涉及一名教师和一次在线班会。为了收集数据,研究者采用了Zoom Cloud会议记录和访谈的观察方法。研究结果表明,教师常用的教学媒体有8种,分别是:Zoom应用、WhatsApp群、Microsoft word和Microsoft PowerPoint、视频、YouTube、白板、教材。学生能力背景的差异、学生数量的差异、网络的可及性、教师对教学媒体使用的重视程度不高是教师面临的障碍。简而言之,教师应该考虑教材是否适合学生的智力水平,因为这将有助于他们成功地理解材料。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
English Education Journal
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