W. Ensinger, G. Thiel, Ivana Duznovic, Saima Nasir, Mubarak Ali
{"title":"iNAPO – Ion conducting nanopores in polymer foils chemically modified for biomolecular sensing","authors":"W. Ensinger, G. Thiel, Ivana Duznovic, Saima Nasir, Mubarak Ali","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74444992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controlled Release of Doxorubicin from Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibers","authors":"D. Mete, N. Horzum, G. Mohamed","doi":"10.11159/NDDTE16.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/NDDTE16.126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73912441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of Gapless Moth’s Eye Microlens Array using Selective Aluminium Anodizing based on Concentrated Electric Field","authors":"Y. Park, B. Kim, Y. Seo","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79094175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract Study of different physical and biochemical parameters of a cell during its life cycle and analysis of underlying regulatory processes are crucial in biomedical and life sciences [1, 2]. One of such parameters is a mass of the cell which is inherently associated with important cellular processes like growth or reproduction. Despite decades of research on cell cycle, there is still a great need for better understanding of many involved process on a single cell level. Such measurements are aided by nano and micro electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) to which nanoand microcantilever biosensors belong to. Cantilever-based devices convert biological or chemical interactions into mechanical response such as cantilever bending amplitude or its resonance frequency change. Objective of this study was the establishment of experimental procedures and analytical tools for comprehensive studies of single cell life cycle using microcantilever biosensors. This work investigated growth kinetics of single cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Instaferm, Lallemand, Poland). S. cerevisiae are commonly used in the cell studies as a model eukaryotic cell. They are widely available and easy to maintain. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to measure mass changes of single cell during the cell budding using microcantilever biosensor. Analysis of mass changes was based on measuring cantilever resonance frequency changes due to cells adhesion and reproduction. Another important factor in this analysis was the determination of individual cell positions along the cantilever length [3]. Their positions were identified from respective microscopy images. The experiments were performed with Cantisens CSR-801 Concentris (Zurich, Switzerland) cantilever biosensor and Axio Observer Z1 Zeiss (Jena, Germany) microscope. The results of our study provide basic groundwork for further studies of single cell cycle parameters. This work also shows that combination of microcantilever-based sensors and microscopy techniques can be a powerful tool in cell mass kinetics analysis at a single cell level.
{"title":"Determination of Single Cell Growth Kinetics with Microcantilever Sensors","authors":"A. Wańczyk, Bogdan Łabędź, Z. Rajfur","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.125","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Study of different physical and biochemical parameters of a cell during its life cycle and analysis of underlying regulatory processes are crucial in biomedical and life sciences [1, 2]. One of such parameters is a mass of the cell which is inherently associated with important cellular processes like growth or reproduction. Despite decades of research on cell cycle, there is still a great need for better understanding of many involved process on a single cell level. Such measurements are aided by nano and micro electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) to which nanoand microcantilever biosensors belong to. Cantilever-based devices convert biological or chemical interactions into mechanical response such as cantilever bending amplitude or its resonance frequency change. Objective of this study was the establishment of experimental procedures and analytical tools for comprehensive studies of single cell life cycle using microcantilever biosensors. This work investigated growth kinetics of single cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Instaferm, Lallemand, Poland). S. cerevisiae are commonly used in the cell studies as a model eukaryotic cell. They are widely available and easy to maintain. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to measure mass changes of single cell during the cell budding using microcantilever biosensor. Analysis of mass changes was based on measuring cantilever resonance frequency changes due to cells adhesion and reproduction. Another important factor in this analysis was the determination of individual cell positions along the cantilever length [3]. Their positions were identified from respective microscopy images. The experiments were performed with Cantisens CSR-801 Concentris (Zurich, Switzerland) cantilever biosensor and Axio Observer Z1 Zeiss (Jena, Germany) microscope. The results of our study provide basic groundwork for further studies of single cell cycle parameters. This work also shows that combination of microcantilever-based sensors and microscopy techniques can be a powerful tool in cell mass kinetics analysis at a single cell level.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84557938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite-NaA nanocrystals with a composition of Al2O3: aSiO2: bNa2O: cH2O was investigated. Effects of SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/Al2O3 and H2O/Al2O3 ratios and crystallization temperature and time were studied on crystallinity and crystal size of zeolite-NaA crystals. It was tried to understand the interactions between these parameters. The nanocrystal species of zeolite-NaA were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Considering the interactions between these parameters showed that effects of increasing SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 ratios simultaneously neutralize each other so that their overall effect is not significant. On the other hand, the effects of increasing SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/Al2O3 ratios reinforce each other and significantly affect crystallinity and crystal size. Increasing alkalinity increases crystallization rate and reduces synthesis time. Also, effects of increasing crystallization temperature and time simultaneously reinforce each other. The effect of decreasing alkalinity is moderated with that of increasing Na+ content in the synthesis gel.
{"title":"Effects of Synthesis Parameters on the Characteristics of Naa Type Zeolite Nanoparticles","authors":"M. Mirfendereski, T. Mohammadi","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.113","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite-NaA nanocrystals with a composition of Al2O3: aSiO2: bNa2O: cH2O was investigated. Effects of SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/Al2O3 and H2O/Al2O3 ratios and crystallization temperature and time were studied on crystallinity and crystal size of zeolite-NaA crystals. It was tried to understand the interactions between these parameters. The nanocrystal species of zeolite-NaA were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Considering the interactions between these parameters showed that effects of increasing SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 ratios simultaneously neutralize each other so that their overall effect is not significant. On the other hand, the effects of increasing SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/Al2O3 ratios reinforce each other and significantly affect crystallinity and crystal size. Increasing alkalinity increases crystallization rate and reduces synthesis time. Also, effects of increasing crystallization temperature and time simultaneously reinforce each other. The effect of decreasing alkalinity is moderated with that of increasing Na+ content in the synthesis gel.","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77032319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the development of novel energy conversion and energy storage systems, both the choice of materials and their morphology are of great importance. Nanostructuring has a profound effect on the material’s properties and is considered as one of the key routes towards the improvement of their efficiency. My research interests are focused on the development of nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic applications, as well as understanding and controlling the processes influencing charge transfer and charge transport properties of the nanoscaled materials. In particular we work on the fabrication of transparent conducting electrodes with various types and dimensions of 3D-nanostructures acting as novel conducting platforms for immobilization of biological redox entities [1-5]. Furthermore we explore the potential of ultrasmall nanocrystals of transition metal oxides. We have developed a novel synthesis route giving an access to the smallest ever reported crystalline metal oxide nanoparticles with tunable composition and tunable electric, optical and electrochemical properties. Besides the reduced crystal size and increased interface resulting in enhanced charge transfer and shortened ion/electron diffusion pathways, chemical synthesis of nanomaterials often leads to metastable and non-stoichiometric phases due to kinetic rather than thermodynamic control of their formation, which turns out to be advantageous for electrocatalysis and for electrochemical energy storage. The developed nanoparticles and their assemblies into porous continuous networks demonstrate excellent performance as catalysts and co-catalysts for electrochemical water splitting [6-8], energy storage [9,10] and in dye-sensitized solar cells [11,12].
{"title":"Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical Applications","authors":"D. Fattakhova‐Rohlfing","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.1","url":null,"abstract":"For the development of novel energy conversion and energy storage systems, both the choice of materials and their morphology are of great importance. Nanostructuring has a profound effect on the material’s properties and is considered as one of the key routes towards the improvement of their efficiency. My research interests are focused on the development of nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic applications, as well as understanding and controlling the processes influencing charge transfer and charge transport properties of the nanoscaled materials. In particular we work on the fabrication of transparent conducting electrodes with various types and dimensions of 3D-nanostructures acting as novel conducting platforms for immobilization of biological redox entities [1-5]. Furthermore we explore the potential of ultrasmall nanocrystals of transition metal oxides. We have developed a novel synthesis route giving an access to the smallest ever reported crystalline metal oxide nanoparticles with tunable composition and tunable electric, optical and electrochemical properties. Besides the reduced crystal size and increased interface resulting in enhanced charge transfer and shortened ion/electron diffusion pathways, chemical synthesis of nanomaterials often leads to metastable and non-stoichiometric phases due to kinetic rather than thermodynamic control of their formation, which turns out to be advantageous for electrocatalysis and for electrochemical energy storage. The developed nanoparticles and their assemblies into porous continuous networks demonstrate excellent performance as catalysts and co-catalysts for electrochemical water splitting [6-8], energy storage [9,10] and in dye-sensitized solar cells [11,12].","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77971169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Choi, Yeon Baek Seong, Tae Hoon Lee, Changhyun Park, Jin Wook Lee, M. Kim, N. Park, T. Lee
Extended Abstract Recently, energy shortages are appearing constantly. Therefore, the research on alternative energy has demanded [12]. In this study, the catalytic activity of Rh-based supported catalysts was investigated for the auto-thermal reforming of diesel oil. The auto-thermal reforming of diesel oil occur the chemical reaction of steam, oxygen and the vaporized diesel gas, and it was performed at high temperature condition above at 800 °C. Therefore, the catalytic activity can decrease by the sintering and the carbon coking. However, auto-thermal reforming has been considered as the appropriate method for diesel reforming, because auto-thermal reforming has showed less coke formation than other reforming method [2-5]. In this study, rhodium was used as the main active material for the production of hydrogen and the catalytic promoter was used alumina, zirconia, and ceria. Zirconia and ceria has been used as the catalytic promoter due to its high thermal stability and carbon coking resistibility. The Al-Ce-Zr based catalytic support material coated over metal foam plate was formed to the morphology of nano-structure. It was confirmed by XRD analysis that cerium and zirconium components in Al-Ce-Zr based catalytic support material was synthesized to CeZrO2 crystal structure. It was concluded that CeZrO2 prevents carbon deposition on catalyst active site due to their high lattice oxygen mobility. Carbon deposition is one of catalytic deactivation in hydrocarbons reforming reaction. The yield of hydrogen by diesel auto-thermal reforming increased with increasing reaction temperature, and was obtained 5, 15 and 43% at 600, 700 and 800 °C, respectively. The fuel conversions at same conditions were 20, 85 and 100%. The high hydrogen yield was obtained at 2.5 of steam/carbon ratio when reforming reaction was carried out at 800. The optimum condition of oxygen/carbon was also confirmed to 0.25. In this study, long-term activity test of Rh/AlCe-Zr based catalyst was carried out under the optimum auto-thermal reforming condition. The composition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in dry product gas was maintained to approximately 45% and 11% during 500 h, respectively. The theoretical composition of syn-gas, which is calculated by material balance under same condition, was 56%. Therefore, it was concluded that the catalytic activity of Rh/Al-Ce-Zr based catalysts is very excellent on diesel auto-thermal reforming. The carbon content on the surface of catalysts after 100, 200, 300, 400and 500 h reactions was investigated by EDX analysis and the carbon deposition was not observed. It was also confirmed by TEM analysis that the crystal size of catalytic support materials increased with increasing reaction time. It was concluded that the change of crystal size is occurred by the sintering of alumina and the crystallization of CeZrO2 at high temperature condition. However, catalytic deactivation by the change of crystal structure was not observed for 500 h
{"title":"Longevity Tests of Rh/Al-Ce-Zr Catalyst for Auto-thermal Reforming of Diesel Oil","authors":"W. Choi, Yeon Baek Seong, Tae Hoon Lee, Changhyun Park, Jin Wook Lee, M. Kim, N. Park, T. Lee","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.111","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Recently, energy shortages are appearing constantly. Therefore, the research on alternative energy has demanded [12]. In this study, the catalytic activity of Rh-based supported catalysts was investigated for the auto-thermal reforming of diesel oil. The auto-thermal reforming of diesel oil occur the chemical reaction of steam, oxygen and the vaporized diesel gas, and it was performed at high temperature condition above at 800 °C. Therefore, the catalytic activity can decrease by the sintering and the carbon coking. However, auto-thermal reforming has been considered as the appropriate method for diesel reforming, because auto-thermal reforming has showed less coke formation than other reforming method [2-5]. In this study, rhodium was used as the main active material for the production of hydrogen and the catalytic promoter was used alumina, zirconia, and ceria. Zirconia and ceria has been used as the catalytic promoter due to its high thermal stability and carbon coking resistibility. The Al-Ce-Zr based catalytic support material coated over metal foam plate was formed to the morphology of nano-structure. It was confirmed by XRD analysis that cerium and zirconium components in Al-Ce-Zr based catalytic support material was synthesized to CeZrO2 crystal structure. It was concluded that CeZrO2 prevents carbon deposition on catalyst active site due to their high lattice oxygen mobility. Carbon deposition is one of catalytic deactivation in hydrocarbons reforming reaction. The yield of hydrogen by diesel auto-thermal reforming increased with increasing reaction temperature, and was obtained 5, 15 and 43% at 600, 700 and 800 °C, respectively. The fuel conversions at same conditions were 20, 85 and 100%. The high hydrogen yield was obtained at 2.5 of steam/carbon ratio when reforming reaction was carried out at 800. The optimum condition of oxygen/carbon was also confirmed to 0.25. In this study, long-term activity test of Rh/AlCe-Zr based catalyst was carried out under the optimum auto-thermal reforming condition. The composition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in dry product gas was maintained to approximately 45% and 11% during 500 h, respectively. The theoretical composition of syn-gas, which is calculated by material balance under same condition, was 56%. Therefore, it was concluded that the catalytic activity of Rh/Al-Ce-Zr based catalysts is very excellent on diesel auto-thermal reforming. The carbon content on the surface of catalysts after 100, 200, 300, 400and 500 h reactions was investigated by EDX analysis and the carbon deposition was not observed. It was also confirmed by TEM analysis that the crystal size of catalytic support materials increased with increasing reaction time. It was concluded that the change of crystal size is occurred by the sintering of alumina and the crystallization of CeZrO2 at high temperature condition. However, catalytic deactivation by the change of crystal structure was not observed for 500 h","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75252203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract A great interest has been shown towards designing bone targeted medical delivery systems for the treatment of several bone disorders. This approach ensures the release of the drug to the site of the disease [1]. Moreover, it allows delivery of drugs that have low bioavailability when administrated by conventional routes. This leads to enhanced patient adherence and an improved clinical outcome of bone related diseases [2]. Given that hydroxyapatite is a major component of the bone matrix, it represents a target for specific delivery systems [3]. Due to their structure which consists in two phosphonates groups linked to a carbon atom, bisphosphonates show a high affinity for hydroxyapatite. Furthermore they increase both osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast apoptosis leading to bone remodeling [4]. Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, Paget's disease, primary hyperparathyroidism, bone metastasis, multiple myeloma [5]. Microparticle-mediated drug delivery to the bone is a promising approach which ensures a high local alendronate concentration and a controlled release of the drug [4, 6]. A recent study conducted by Stadelmann et al. [7] shows an increase in bone density when zoledronate was locally delivered. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a copolymer approved to be safe in pharmaceutical applications by the FDA due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. A number of PLGA compounds with different copolymer ratio are used to design microparticles with various properties [8]. The aim of the study is to develop and optimize a PLGA-alendronate microparticles based delivery device, designed to target the bone tissue. This carrier system has the advantages of a high biocompatibility and a controlled release of the incorporated drug. Furthermore, it has the benefit of being a biodegradable system [8, 9]. In a first step, the microencapsulation process is to be optimized. There are a number of techniques for PLGA microparticles preparation such as supercritical fluid extraction, extrusion and spray drying [6]. However, the method optimized for this study is the solvent evaporation method. Using this method the microparticles are prepared via a water/oil/water (w/o/w) double emulsion. Initially we prepared two solutions: the alendronate aqueous solution and the PLGA organic solution. The solutions were used to form the primary emulsion which was poured into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution resulting into the w/o/w double emulsion. In order to evaporate the solvent and form the microparticles, the double emulsion was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The microparticles obtained following this method remain to be furthermore characterized in order to evaluate the size distribution, entrapment efficiency, morphology and drug release profile. Also, by altering the manufacturing conditions, copolymer ratio and degradation rate, the microparticles drug loading can be adj
{"title":"Development of an Alendronate Controlled Delivery System for Bone Repair Applications","authors":"A. Deca, I. Belu, O. Croitoru, J. Neamțu","doi":"10.11159/NDDTE16.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/NDDTE16.103","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract A great interest has been shown towards designing bone targeted medical delivery systems for the treatment of several bone disorders. This approach ensures the release of the drug to the site of the disease [1]. Moreover, it allows delivery of drugs that have low bioavailability when administrated by conventional routes. This leads to enhanced patient adherence and an improved clinical outcome of bone related diseases [2]. Given that hydroxyapatite is a major component of the bone matrix, it represents a target for specific delivery systems [3]. Due to their structure which consists in two phosphonates groups linked to a carbon atom, bisphosphonates show a high affinity for hydroxyapatite. Furthermore they increase both osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast apoptosis leading to bone remodeling [4]. Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, Paget's disease, primary hyperparathyroidism, bone metastasis, multiple myeloma [5]. Microparticle-mediated drug delivery to the bone is a promising approach which ensures a high local alendronate concentration and a controlled release of the drug [4, 6]. A recent study conducted by Stadelmann et al. [7] shows an increase in bone density when zoledronate was locally delivered. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a copolymer approved to be safe in pharmaceutical applications by the FDA due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. A number of PLGA compounds with different copolymer ratio are used to design microparticles with various properties [8]. The aim of the study is to develop and optimize a PLGA-alendronate microparticles based delivery device, designed to target the bone tissue. This carrier system has the advantages of a high biocompatibility and a controlled release of the incorporated drug. Furthermore, it has the benefit of being a biodegradable system [8, 9]. In a first step, the microencapsulation process is to be optimized. There are a number of techniques for PLGA microparticles preparation such as supercritical fluid extraction, extrusion and spray drying [6]. However, the method optimized for this study is the solvent evaporation method. Using this method the microparticles are prepared via a water/oil/water (w/o/w) double emulsion. Initially we prepared two solutions: the alendronate aqueous solution and the PLGA organic solution. The solutions were used to form the primary emulsion which was poured into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution resulting into the w/o/w double emulsion. In order to evaporate the solvent and form the microparticles, the double emulsion was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The microparticles obtained following this method remain to be furthermore characterized in order to evaluate the size distribution, entrapment efficiency, morphology and drug release profile. Also, by altering the manufacturing conditions, copolymer ratio and degradation rate, the microparticles drug loading can be adj","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88368193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayşen Aktürk, M. E. Taygun, G. Goller, S. Küçükbayrak
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Statistical Experimental Design","authors":"Ayşen Aktürk, M. E. Taygun, G. Goller, S. Küçükbayrak","doi":"10.11159/ICNNFC16.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICNNFC16.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31009,"journal":{"name":"RAN","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79342204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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