Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970272
Yung Wong, Shavin Pinto, Yan Tang, M. Compere
This paper presents an ongoing, multi-year, student-run project to provide access to clean water at specific, targeted communities in Haiti. Project Haiti is a yearly student research, design, fabrication, test, installation, and training effort at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) to deliver sustainable water purifiers and originate a companion micro-business to sell excess clean water to the community. Haiti's rebuilding effort after the 2010 earthquake highlighted the need for sustainable development and cooperation among partnering NGOs in localized communities. Poorly managed relief and development efforts were characterized by lack of coordination, lack of local ownership, and resulting hardware and projects that were unsustainable. Lessons learned from the history of US-based aid to developing countries are taken into account each year. Specific criteria were developed for installation partner and community selection. Either a fully or partially solar-powered water purifier was installed in Haiti for operation by trained locals. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) training was also implemented among the local community using a translator. This community development model is a short-term, focused, and specialized approach that brings in the right people to partner with an existing long-term organization. The goals and timeline for this Solution Focused approach are clear and well-defined.
{"title":"Community development through a sustainable micro-business selling clean water","authors":"Yung Wong, Shavin Pinto, Yan Tang, M. Compere","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970272","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an ongoing, multi-year, student-run project to provide access to clean water at specific, targeted communities in Haiti. Project Haiti is a yearly student research, design, fabrication, test, installation, and training effort at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) to deliver sustainable water purifiers and originate a companion micro-business to sell excess clean water to the community. Haiti's rebuilding effort after the 2010 earthquake highlighted the need for sustainable development and cooperation among partnering NGOs in localized communities. Poorly managed relief and development efforts were characterized by lack of coordination, lack of local ownership, and resulting hardware and projects that were unsustainable. Lessons learned from the history of US-based aid to developing countries are taken into account each year. Specific criteria were developed for installation partner and community selection. Either a fully or partially solar-powered water purifier was installed in Haiti for operation by trained locals. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) training was also implemented among the local community using a translator. This community development model is a short-term, focused, and specialized approach that brings in the right people to partner with an existing long-term organization. The goals and timeline for this Solution Focused approach are clear and well-defined.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134639677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970304
A. Malik, M. Albadi, Abdullah Al Kahali, Younis Al Nabhani, Alwarith Al Bahri, Hamed Al Barhi
Many renewable energy (RE) projects cannot compete with conventional energy projects in terms of economics alone. However, if externality costs of competing technologies are carefully evaluated and taken into account the renewable energy projects are likely to be selected on economic basis. But the problem is the evaluation of externality costs which are not always easy to assess. One way to overcome this problem is to use multi-criteria approach instead of just economics as a single criterion. This paper presents the methodology and results of ranking RE alternatives based on several important criteria, for energy problems in an island in Oman where renewable resources can be used as supplementary energy supply.
{"title":"Evaluation of renewable energy projects using multi-criteria approach","authors":"A. Malik, M. Albadi, Abdullah Al Kahali, Younis Al Nabhani, Alwarith Al Bahri, Hamed Al Barhi","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970304","url":null,"abstract":"Many renewable energy (RE) projects cannot compete with conventional energy projects in terms of economics alone. However, if externality costs of competing technologies are carefully evaluated and taken into account the renewable energy projects are likely to be selected on economic basis. But the problem is the evaluation of externality costs which are not always easy to assess. One way to overcome this problem is to use multi-criteria approach instead of just economics as a single criterion. This paper presents the methodology and results of ranking RE alternatives based on several important criteria, for energy problems in an island in Oman where renewable resources can be used as supplementary energy supply.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132542565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970273
I. Ana, H. Udota, Y. N. Udoakah
Malnutrition is the leading cause of infant under-five deaths in the developing countries. According to recent Nigeria National Demographic and Health Survey, the proportion of underweight children under five years was 36%, including 12% severely underweight, stunting 43%, and wasting 9%. Factors like supplementation of breast milk with cereals porridges that have high phytate acid content which bind essential nutrients were identified as underlying cause of malnutrition. Hence, the principles of malting technology to produce phytase enzyme (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.2) which degrades phytatic acid was employed in this study to develop a complementary composite food from malted maize, sorghum and soy beans. The results from phytate analysis showed a significant reduction in the phytic acid content (from 8.35±0.17- 1.59±0.32grams) for unmalted and malted samples respectively. Also the in vitro iron and zinc absorption increased by 82 and 84% respectively after malting. Zinc, an essential component of metalloenzymes is required to curb stunting and wasting and enhance infant brain development. Therefore, malting an economic agricultural technology was applied in developing sustainable and utilisable food for infants from cereals and legumes, in a bid to curb malnutrition and its devastating effects on the Nigerian child.
{"title":"Malting technology in the development of safe and sustainable complementary composite food from cereals and legumes","authors":"I. Ana, H. Udota, Y. N. Udoakah","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970273","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition is the leading cause of infant under-five deaths in the developing countries. According to recent Nigeria National Demographic and Health Survey, the proportion of underweight children under five years was 36%, including 12% severely underweight, stunting 43%, and wasting 9%. Factors like supplementation of breast milk with cereals porridges that have high phytate acid content which bind essential nutrients were identified as underlying cause of malnutrition. Hence, the principles of malting technology to produce phytase enzyme (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.2) which degrades phytatic acid was employed in this study to develop a complementary composite food from malted maize, sorghum and soy beans. The results from phytate analysis showed a significant reduction in the phytic acid content (from 8.35±0.17- 1.59±0.32grams) for unmalted and malted samples respectively. Also the in vitro iron and zinc absorption increased by 82 and 84% respectively after malting. Zinc, an essential component of metalloenzymes is required to curb stunting and wasting and enhance infant brain development. Therefore, malting an economic agricultural technology was applied in developing sustainable and utilisable food for infants from cereals and legumes, in a bid to curb malnutrition and its devastating effects on the Nigerian child.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127968134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970332
S. Figueira, Kevin Nguyen, Shweta Panditrao
Hearing loss is a problem that affects people of all ages all over the world. However, because it is not a life-threatening problem, and resources in emerging markets are scarce, audiometric devices for hearing-loss diagnostics are not typically available in underserved communities. Considering this scenario, we have implemented an app for hearing-loss pre-screening. Our app can execute in a broad range of phones, which are available everywhere, providing individuals in underserved communities with access to hearing-loss diagnostics.
{"title":"HearThat? - An app for diagnosing hearing loss","authors":"S. Figueira, Kevin Nguyen, Shweta Panditrao","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970332","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing loss is a problem that affects people of all ages all over the world. However, because it is not a life-threatening problem, and resources in emerging markets are scarce, audiometric devices for hearing-loss diagnostics are not typically available in underserved communities. Considering this scenario, we have implemented an app for hearing-loss pre-screening. Our app can execute in a broad range of phones, which are available everywhere, providing individuals in underserved communities with access to hearing-loss diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126625861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970297
Enrique Aguayo-Lara, Livier Hernandez-Hirales
This work introduces a classroom strategy which leads university students to solve real world and challenging problems. The basic hypothesis is that technology does not need to be complex or state-of-the-art to be helpful. Basic knowledge of mechanics, electronics and computation is enough to solve a need and provide simple yet useful, products. The case herein presented is about a classroom of students who are currently working on social-technological projects. They are collaborating with Multiple Attention Center (CAM), which serves children with all types of special needs, such as motility problems, cerebral palsy, language problems, blindness or deafness. The goal is simple: provide a solution for one person at the CAM.The students, organized in teams, were offered +10% on their final grade for the design and manufacture of a product that helps one person at the CAM. As a result of this offer, 10 different products were developed, such as a special mouse with a large joystick and a software interface to communicate basic needs, developed for children affected with cerebral palsy, and a blow-training device for children with language problems. It is important to recall that each project is customized and unique for a person at the CAM, which becomes attractive for students involvement, but not for commercial purposes.Teachers at the CAM have been involved with the requirements definition for the products and will provide their evaluation. These projects also fulfill three relevant objectives for the engineering students: To use knowledge to implement a real-life solution, to make them aware that they can change a life with a little bit of technology, and to bring them face to face with different realities other than the one at their private university. This strategy can be easily employed to reach more people with little monetary investment and significant satisfaction.
{"title":"Changing a life with technology from a classroom","authors":"Enrique Aguayo-Lara, Livier Hernandez-Hirales","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970297","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a classroom strategy which leads university students to solve real world and challenging problems. The basic hypothesis is that technology does not need to be complex or state-of-the-art to be helpful. Basic knowledge of mechanics, electronics and computation is enough to solve a need and provide simple yet useful, products. The case herein presented is about a classroom of students who are currently working on social-technological projects. They are collaborating with Multiple Attention Center (CAM), which serves children with all types of special needs, such as motility problems, cerebral palsy, language problems, blindness or deafness. The goal is simple: provide a solution for one person at the CAM.The students, organized in teams, were offered +10% on their final grade for the design and manufacture of a product that helps one person at the CAM. As a result of this offer, 10 different products were developed, such as a special mouse with a large joystick and a software interface to communicate basic needs, developed for children affected with cerebral palsy, and a blow-training device for children with language problems. It is important to recall that each project is customized and unique for a person at the CAM, which becomes attractive for students involvement, but not for commercial purposes.Teachers at the CAM have been involved with the requirements definition for the products and will provide their evaluation. These projects also fulfill three relevant objectives for the engineering students: To use knowledge to implement a real-life solution, to make them aware that they can change a life with a little bit of technology, and to bring them face to face with different realities other than the one at their private university. This strategy can be easily employed to reach more people with little monetary investment and significant satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115340086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970302
Christopher McComb, Pablo S. Santaeufemia, N. Johnson, K. Shimada
Water-lifting technologies in rural areas of the developing world have enormous potential to stimulate agricultural production and economic growth. The MoneyMaker Hip pump designed by Kickstart is a human-powered low cost pump, which can help subsistence farmers increase financial returns. This work optimizes the design of the MoneyMaker Hip pump, which is the cheapest and lightest portable water pump from Kickstart. A mathematical model of the working fluid and MoneyMaker Hip pump structure is developed. Deterministic optimization methods are then employed to maximize the flow rate of the groundwater pumped, maximize the lift height, and minimize the volume of material used for manufacturing. Design variables for the optimization included the dimensions of the pump, well depth, and speed of various parts of the system. The solutions are subject to constraints on the geometry of the system, the bending stress in the handle and cylinder, and ergonomic factors. Findings indicate that several technical improvements can be made on the current MoneyMaker Hip pump design to reduce the cost and human workload.
{"title":"Identifying technical and economic improvements to the MoneyMaker Hip pump through multi-objective optimization","authors":"Christopher McComb, Pablo S. Santaeufemia, N. Johnson, K. Shimada","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970302","url":null,"abstract":"Water-lifting technologies in rural areas of the developing world have enormous potential to stimulate agricultural production and economic growth. The MoneyMaker Hip pump designed by Kickstart is a human-powered low cost pump, which can help subsistence farmers increase financial returns. This work optimizes the design of the MoneyMaker Hip pump, which is the cheapest and lightest portable water pump from Kickstart. A mathematical model of the working fluid and MoneyMaker Hip pump structure is developed. Deterministic optimization methods are then employed to maximize the flow rate of the groundwater pumped, maximize the lift height, and minimize the volume of material used for manufacturing. Design variables for the optimization included the dimensions of the pump, well depth, and speed of various parts of the system. The solutions are subject to constraints on the geometry of the system, the bending stress in the handle and cylinder, and ergonomic factors. Findings indicate that several technical improvements can be made on the current MoneyMaker Hip pump design to reduce the cost and human workload.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116393498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970310
Ricardo Chavarriaga, Maria N. Hurtado, Marcela Bolanos, J.A. Loaiza, J. M. Mayor, Manuel Valencia, Jaime Aguilar-Zambrano
Traumatic or pathological brain lesions often result in motor disabilities that have strong personal and social effects. Assistive technologies can support this population, potentially improving their autonomy and promoting their participation in society. However, most existing research does not explicitly consider socio-cultural aspects, which differ between developing and developed countries. In this paper, we describe a multidisciplinary research line on technology-based assistive solutions for motor disabilities involving institutions in Colombia and Switzerland. The key aspect of our approach is the involvement of engineers, therapists, designers and end-users from early stages of the design process. This allowed us to characterize the local population with motor disabilities, highlighting a large incidence of violence- related injuries, reduced accessibility to assistive technologies and a perception of social exclusion. In the quest for context- suited solutions, we have developed a mechanical wheelchair and a sensorized facility for motor rehabilitation. The prototypes of these devices will be tested in the upcoming months. Importantly, we established a training program that uniquely covers both clinical and technical aspects of motor rehabilitation; providing experts from different domains with a common knowledge that facilitates the multidisciplinary work, enabling us to initiate experiments on clinical research; thus strengthening the links between academic, clinical and rehabilitation institutions.
{"title":"Multidisciplinary design of suitable assistive technologies for motor disabilities in Colombia","authors":"Ricardo Chavarriaga, Maria N. Hurtado, Marcela Bolanos, J.A. Loaiza, J. M. Mayor, Manuel Valencia, Jaime Aguilar-Zambrano","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970310","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic or pathological brain lesions often result in motor disabilities that have strong personal and social effects. Assistive technologies can support this population, potentially improving their autonomy and promoting their participation in society. However, most existing research does not explicitly consider socio-cultural aspects, which differ between developing and developed countries. In this paper, we describe a multidisciplinary research line on technology-based assistive solutions for motor disabilities involving institutions in Colombia and Switzerland. The key aspect of our approach is the involvement of engineers, therapists, designers and end-users from early stages of the design process. This allowed us to characterize the local population with motor disabilities, highlighting a large incidence of violence- related injuries, reduced accessibility to assistive technologies and a perception of social exclusion. In the quest for context- suited solutions, we have developed a mechanical wheelchair and a sensorized facility for motor rehabilitation. The prototypes of these devices will be tested in the upcoming months. Importantly, we established a training program that uniquely covers both clinical and technical aspects of motor rehabilitation; providing experts from different domains with a common knowledge that facilitates the multidisciplinary work, enabling us to initiate experiments on clinical research; thus strengthening the links between academic, clinical and rehabilitation institutions.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130826145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970263
P. Gardner-Stephen, Andrew Bettison, Romana Challans, J. Lakeman, Timothee Malossane, C. Wallis, Matthew Lloyd, Ewan Caldicott, Dione Gardner-Stephen
Field communications play a vital role in disaster relief and other humanitarian responses. However, the acute phase of these events is frequently characterized by scarcity of communications capacity, confounding the efforts of responders to develop the situational awareness that would enable them to maximize the effectiveness of their activities. Access to high-bandwidth global connectivity is often limited to a few sites where existing infrastructure is still functional, or where temporary access has been rapidly deployed. The need to gather data, e.g., standardized field assessment reports, is not limited to these locations. A related problem is that any available communications links are likely to be overloaded. Therefore it is desirable to create a system that can make use of hand-held and low-cost global communications options. One such family of devices is those that provide access to the Iridium constellation's Short Burst Data capability, effectively providing a satellite based SMS service. However making use of such devices is problematic because of the extremely limited bandwidth they offer, and high cost-per-byte. New Zealand Red Cross and the Serval Project [1 - 6] at Flinders University have responded to this need by creating the Succinct Data concept, wherein the salient information from a field report is automatically extracted, compressed and transmitted via any available means, with the full report following when the collection device, or another collection device it comes into contact with, eventually reaches a high-bandwidth communications link. In this way rich field assessment reports can be collected, with the highest priority information transmitted immediately, such as numbers of persons requiring assistance and basic assessment of dwellings, and with the additional rich information following when possible, such as detailed commentary, images and other media where appropriate. In this paper we describe the work to date on implementing Succinct Data, and the creation of a new compression scheme that can compress ODK form instances to less than 1/12th of their size - less than half the size achievable using gzip.
{"title":"Succinct data: Extreme compression for ODK forms making digital field assessment practical during disasters by minimizing data transmission size and costs","authors":"P. Gardner-Stephen, Andrew Bettison, Romana Challans, J. Lakeman, Timothee Malossane, C. Wallis, Matthew Lloyd, Ewan Caldicott, Dione Gardner-Stephen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970263","url":null,"abstract":"Field communications play a vital role in disaster relief and other humanitarian responses. However, the acute phase of these events is frequently characterized by scarcity of communications capacity, confounding the efforts of responders to develop the situational awareness that would enable them to maximize the effectiveness of their activities. Access to high-bandwidth global connectivity is often limited to a few sites where existing infrastructure is still functional, or where temporary access has been rapidly deployed. The need to gather data, e.g., standardized field assessment reports, is not limited to these locations. A related problem is that any available communications links are likely to be overloaded. Therefore it is desirable to create a system that can make use of hand-held and low-cost global communications options. One such family of devices is those that provide access to the Iridium constellation's Short Burst Data capability, effectively providing a satellite based SMS service. However making use of such devices is problematic because of the extremely limited bandwidth they offer, and high cost-per-byte. New Zealand Red Cross and the Serval Project [1 - 6] at Flinders University have responded to this need by creating the Succinct Data concept, wherein the salient information from a field report is automatically extracted, compressed and transmitted via any available means, with the full report following when the collection device, or another collection device it comes into contact with, eventually reaches a high-bandwidth communications link. In this way rich field assessment reports can be collected, with the highest priority information transmitted immediately, such as numbers of persons requiring assistance and basic assessment of dwellings, and with the additional rich information following when possible, such as detailed commentary, images and other media where appropriate. In this paper we describe the work to date on implementing Succinct Data, and the creation of a new compression scheme that can compress ODK form instances to less than 1/12th of their size - less than half the size achievable using gzip.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122173151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970314
Gerard J. Christman, Brian D. Fila
The Department of Defense (DoD) Chief Information Officer (CIO) published a memorandum declaring that the Department will adopt the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) in Fiscal Year (FY) 2015. The document established the role of pilot work in FY14 as a risk mitigation technique and to garner lessons learned. NIEM provides a foundation for information exchange between federal, state, local, and tribal agencies as well as international and industry partners. Pilot work was undertaken where, for the first time, took tactical level disaster assessment information from a Civil Affairs information system named Civil Information Management (CIM) Data Processing System (DPS) and expressed it in a NIEM conformant manner. The NIEM objects were then shared and integrated across four separate systems reaching a wide variety of stakeholders. This methodological approach takes critically important disaster information and integrates it into systems in order to promote better situational awareness, to enable operations, to plan disaster response, coordinate disaster management. The same approach can be leveraged to enable humanitarian aid project planning as it ingests live project data across multiple development sectors.
{"title":"Civil information integration and interoperability","authors":"Gerard J. Christman, Brian D. Fila","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970314","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Defense (DoD) Chief Information Officer (CIO) published a memorandum declaring that the Department will adopt the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) in Fiscal Year (FY) 2015. The document established the role of pilot work in FY14 as a risk mitigation technique and to garner lessons learned. NIEM provides a foundation for information exchange between federal, state, local, and tribal agencies as well as international and industry partners. Pilot work was undertaken where, for the first time, took tactical level disaster assessment information from a Civil Affairs information system named Civil Information Management (CIM) Data Processing System (DPS) and expressed it in a NIEM conformant manner. The NIEM objects were then shared and integrated across four separate systems reaching a wide variety of stakeholders. This methodological approach takes critically important disaster information and integrates it into systems in order to promote better situational awareness, to enable operations, to plan disaster response, coordinate disaster management. The same approach can be leveraged to enable humanitarian aid project planning as it ingests live project data across multiple development sectors.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122906511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970283
Jennifer R. Head, Besufekad Getachew, Mitiku Gabrehiwot
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), the leading cause of childhood blindness in Ethiopia, affects 40% of Ethiopian children and increases childhood mortality by 23%. While government-mandated food fortification in 22 sub-Saharan African nations have cut VAD rates, fortification in Ethiopia remains constricted to a few private companies due largely to technological constraints. In 2011, Ethiopia's Ministry of Health announced a 4-year plan to mandate fortification of oils and wheat flours. However, fieldwork conducted with stakeholders revealed concern surrounding the importation of mixing equipment, which is costly and prohibitive for small-scale mills distributing to the vulnerable, rural sector. Accordingly, three mixers for factories producing up to 50T oil/day and 100T flour/day were designed and manufactured in Mekelle, the capital of the northern Ethiopian region of Tigray, using locally-purchased stainless steel and aluminum. Experiments using tartrazine and ground capsicum frutescen (Ethiopian chili pepper) as indicators confirmed effectiveness in terms of mixing time and homogenization. While metal-work capabilities are adequate, availability and technical knowledge of stainless steel is limited; thus small facilities can feasibly obtain low-cost aluminum mixers from regional manufacturers while larger companies not requiring automation can purchase stainless steel designs from Addis Ababa. Dosifiers fabricated from stainless steel pose a challenge in all regions, but may be shaped from aluminum.
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