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2022 International Symposium on Electromobility (ISEM)最新文献

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Attitude Control for Quadcopters using Reinforcement Learning 使用强化学习的四轴飞行器姿态控制
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976737
Shun Nakasone, R. Galluzzi, Rogelio Bustamante-Bello
In this paper, a novel control strategy based on Reinforcement Learning is presented to achieve better performance of attitude control for quadcopters. By using Proximal Policy Optimization, the agent is trained via a reward function and interaction with the environment. The control algorithm obtained from this training process is simulated and tested against proportional-integral-derivative control, being the most common attitude control algorithm used in drone races. The resulting control policies were comparable to the baseline counterpart and, in some cases, outperformed it in terms of noise rejection and robustness to external disturbances.
为了提高四轴飞行器的姿态控制性能,提出了一种基于强化学习的控制策略。通过使用最近邻策略优化,通过奖励函数和与环境的交互来训练智能体。在此训练过程中得到的控制算法与无人机比赛中最常用的姿态控制算法比例-积分-导数控制进行了仿真和测试。由此产生的控制策略与基线对应策略相当,并且在某些情况下,在噪声抑制和对外部干扰的鲁棒性方面优于基准策略。
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引用次数: 0
Series-Capacitor Boost Converter as Power Conditioner for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 用于燃料电池汽车的串联电容升压变换器
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976578
J. E. Valdez-Resendiz, J. Rosas-Caro, J. Mayo-Maldonado, D. Guillen-Aparicio, G. Escobar, E. Garza-Arias
This article deals with the development of a power electronics system for a fuel cell based electric vehicle. The main task of the power electronics converter is to regulate the output voltage of the fuel cell stack which typically has low and current dependent output voltage. The proposed power electronics system is based on a recently proposed series-capacitor boost converter. This converter has several advantages, such as reduced input current ripple, reduced average current through inductors and high voltage conversion ratio. The analysis of the converter, and the derivation of the dynamic model along with steady state equations are presented. An experimental prototype was also built to corroborate the claimed benefits of the power electronics converter. This work shows that the proposed converter is a compelling solution in applications where high gain converter ratio and low input current ripple is required.
本文讨论了一种基于燃料电池的电动汽车电力电子系统的开发。电力电子变换器的主要任务是调节燃料电池堆的输出电压,而燃料电池堆的输出电压通常较低且与电流相关。所提出的电力电子系统是基于最近提出的串联电容升压变换器。该变换器具有减小输入电流纹波、减小电感平均电流和高电压转换比等优点。对变换器进行了分析,推导了其动态模型和稳态方程。还建立了一个实验原型来证实电力电子转换器所声称的好处。这项工作表明,在需要高增益变换器比和低输入电流纹波的应用中,所提出的变换器是一个令人信服的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Design and Prototype 钒氧化还原液流电池:设计与原型
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976579
A. Santana, M. Pacheco, Isaac Ayala, Vanessa Chávez, Andres V. Pastrana, Jesús Leon, David Joanan, Israel Valdés
Storage of energy has become an important aspect in today’s world, and it is a challenge to jump from small to large capacity batteries for providing larger amounts of energy. Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRBs) have received attention due to their high energy efficiency and their long cycle life. They can be recharged by applying electrical current or simply by replacing the electrolytes, making them attractive for a wide variety of applications, such as electric vehicles and solar systems.In this study, a prototype of a VRB formed by one steel cell was designed by finite element analysis using open software. Its construction and assembly were mainly composed by one bipolar cell and two glass tanks storing the electrolyte. The cell is composed by serpentines machined in stainless steel plates using a serpentine with a half-moon configuration facilitate its manufacture and a better transfer of the electrolyte.
能量存储已经成为当今世界的一个重要方面,从小容量电池到大容量电池以提供更大的能量是一个挑战。钒氧化还原液流电池(vrb)因其高能效和长循环寿命而备受关注。它们可以通过施加电流或简单地通过更换电解质来充电,这使得它们具有广泛的应用吸引力,例如电动汽车和太阳能系统。在本研究中,采用开放的有限元分析软件,设计了由一个钢单元组成的VRB原型。它的结构和组装主要由一个双极电池和两个储存电解质的玻璃罐组成。该电池由加工在不锈钢板上的蛇纹石组成,使用具有半月形结构的蛇纹石便于其制造和更好地转移电解质。
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引用次数: 0
Potentials of Dual-speed Transmissions in Electric Powertrains depending on Passenger Vehicle Segment 基于乘用车细分市场的电动动力系统双速变速器的潜力
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976542
Gordon Witham, J. Hemsen, Daniel Swierc, L. Eckstein
This paper evaluates the potentials of dual-speed transmissions for battery-electric powertrains in different passenger vehicle segments. The evaluation takes into account the differing performance requirements as well as boundary conditions within these segments. Three design approaches, considering single and dual-speed transmission topologies as well as different power targets, are defined. For these powertrain concepts, the components electric machine, inverter and transmission are designed and simulated. Finally, the designed powertrains are holistically evaluated per segment on vehicle level and a comparison is conducted. We demonstrate that dual-speed transmissions can lower energy demand by up to 7.4 % compared to single-speed transmissions and that the effect increases with higher vehicle segment.
本文评估了双速变速器在不同乘用车领域的应用潜力。评估考虑到不同的性能要求以及这些部分的边界条件。考虑单速和双速传输拓扑以及不同的功率目标,定义了三种设计方法。针对这些动力总成概念,设计并仿真了电机、逆变器和传动系统的组成部分。最后,从整车层面对设计的动力总成进行了各部分的整体评价和比较。我们证明,与单速变速器相比,双速变速器可以降低高达7.4%的能源需求,并且随着车辆分段的增加,效果会增加。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of optimal controllers for model predictive control 模型预测控制最优控制器的综合
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976754
Wang Jianhong, R. Ramírez-Mendoza, Zhang Yunfeng
This paper studies the synthesis analysis for robust quadratic programming, whose data are not known, but in the uncertainty set, such as ellipsoids. Synthesis analysis means both the combination with the theory and practice. Given one quadratic programming problem, whose data are not always known exactly, but in typically known in a domain, i,e, one uncertainty set, this robust quadratic programming problem becomes one conic quadratic programming through our own derivations. After applying semidefinite relaxation and linear matrix inequality on this robust quadratic programming, one necessary and sufficient condition of the existence of the optimal robust feasible is formulated as one linear matrix inequality. And one special affinely adjustable robust counterpart of quadratic programming is shown to solve other two decision variables. To complete the synthesis analysis for robust quadratic programming from the points of theory and practice, all our derived theoretical results are applied in state estimation with uncertainty set through using the idea of direct data driven.
本文研究了鲁棒二次规划问题的综合分析,该问题的数据是未知的,而是在不确定集合中,如椭球体。综合分析是理论与实践的结合。给定一个二次规划问题,其数据并不总是精确地已知,但通常在一个域,i,e,一个不确定性集合中已知,通过我们自己的推导,这个鲁棒二次规划问题变成了一个二次规划问题。将半定松弛和线性矩阵不等式应用于该鲁棒二次规划,将鲁棒最优可行存在的一个充要条件表述为一个线性矩阵不等式。并给出了一种特殊的仿射可调鲁棒二次规划方法来求解另外两个决策变量。为了从理论和实践的角度完成对鲁棒二次规划的综合分析,利用直接数据驱动的思想,将得到的所有理论结果应用于不确定集的状态估计。
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引用次数: 1
Overview of Mexico´s transport sector: current situation, emissions trend and electromobility 墨西哥交通行业概述:现状、排放趋势和电动汽车
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976597
S. I. Vallarta-Serrano, E. Santoyo-Castelazo, R. Ramírez-Mendoza, Rogelio Bustamante-Bello
Due to the global interest in facing climate change, the world strives to control greenhouse gas emissions associated with anthropogenic activities, such as road transport. Mexico collaborates with the international agenda and establishes its national objectives and strategies, considering electromobility to mitigate emissions. However, the country faces implementation and compliance obstacles, such as the electricity produced to power electric vehicles generates indirect emissions. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is to provide a novel and robust overview of the Mexican road transport sector from a systemic and comprehensive perspective. This is with the objective to develop an updated business-as-usual emissions projection and compare it against the reduction targets, identifying challenges, strengths, and drivers that condition the performance of electromobility and the sustainable energy transition of the sector. The study creates a foundation for future studies of decarbonization scenarios strategies, including electromobility, to achieve an actual reduction without burden shifting.
由于全球对气候变化的关注,世界努力控制与人为活动(如道路运输)相关的温室气体排放。墨西哥与国际议程合作,制定国家目标和战略,考虑电动交通来减少排放。然而,该国面临着实施和合规方面的障碍,例如为电动汽车提供动力所产生的电力会产生间接排放。因此,本研究的主要贡献是从系统和全面的角度对墨西哥公路运输部门进行了新颖而有力的概述。这样做的目的是制定一个最新的照常营业排放预测,并将其与减排目标进行比较,确定影响电动汽车性能和该行业可持续能源转型的挑战、优势和驱动因素。该研究为未来研究脱碳情景策略(包括电动汽车)奠定了基础,以实现在不转移负担的情况下实现实际减排。
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引用次数: 0
Greenhouse gas emissions reduction from fuel switching in Heavy Duty Vehicles and its application in the international carbon market 重型汽车燃料转换的温室气体减排及其在国际碳市场上的应用
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976866
Oscar S. Serrano-Guevara, J. Huertas
Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) represent a quarter of CO2 emissions in the transport sector, due to their dependence on high-greenhouse gas emitting fossil fuels, such as diesel. This generates the emission of high levels of criteria pollutants as well as greenhouse gases (GHG), therefore it is important to seek and implement low-carbon technologies within the sector. Carbon offsetting projects focused on freight transport represent a great area of opportunity to decarbonize the sector. This work evaluates the fuel switch from diesel to compressed natural gas as a cost-effective solution to reduce GHGs emissions in the private road transport sector through the certification of it in the international carbon market. The avoided emissions from this action on a 2,857 HVDs fleet, was calculated though the AMS-III.S methodology from the Clean Development Mechanism. It was found that the total amount of GHG emissions were reduced by 7% in one year. With a certification through The Gold Standard, the total amount of money derived from the project activity carbon credits is of more than 240,000 euros. If the emissions reduction remains constant year by year, projections estimate a benefit of approximately 2 million euros in ten years due to carbon offsets.
重型车辆(hdv)的二氧化碳排放量占交通运输部门二氧化碳排放量的四分之一,因为它们依赖于高温室气体排放的化石燃料,如柴油。这会产生高水平的标准污染物和温室气体(GHG)的排放,因此在该行业内寻求和实施低碳技术非常重要。以货运为重点的碳抵消项目为该行业脱碳提供了巨大的机会。这项工作评估了从柴油转向压缩天然气作为一种具有成本效益的解决方案,通过在国际碳市场上的认证来减少私营道路运输部门的温室气体排放。通过AMS-III计算了2,857台hvd机队在此行动中避免的排放。来自清洁发展机制的方法论。研究发现,一年内温室气体排放总量减少了7%。通过黄金标准认证,从项目活动碳信用中获得的总金额超过24万欧元。如果排放量逐年保持不变,预计在10年内由于碳抵消而获得约200万欧元的收益。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of a Field-Oriented Control Strategy for Electromagnetic Shock Absorbers 电磁减震器场导向控制策略的实现
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976603
Gennaro Sorrentino, S. Circosta, R. Galluzzi, N. Amati, A. Tonoli
Chassis electrification is paramount in the automotive transition towards emission reduction and automated driving. In this context, electromagnetic shock absorbers are regarded as a promising technology for chassis control. They enhance the suspension with active and passive forces by means of a suitably interfaced and controlled electric machine. To this end, Field-Oriented Control is commonly adopted for brushless permanent-magnet machines. However, the suspension experiences impulsive forces at high speed, when the vehicle undergoes through bumps or potholes. Thus, a field-weakening strategy must be included to guarantee stable and efficient operation in the aforementioned conditions. This paper presents the implementation of a field-oriented control strategy with field weakening. Laboratory testing is carried out on a three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of an electro-hydrostatic shock absorber.
底盘电气化在汽车向减排和自动驾驶过渡中至关重要。在这种背景下,电磁减震器被认为是一种很有前途的底盘控制技术。它们通过适当的接口和控制的电机来增强悬架的主动和被动力。为此,无刷永磁电机通常采用磁场定向控制。然而,在高速行驶时,当车辆经过颠簸或坑洼时,悬架会受到冲力。因此,必须包括削弱油田的策略,以保证在上述条件下稳定有效地作业。本文提出了一种带弱场的面向场的控制策略。对电静液减振器的三相永磁同步电动机进行了实验室试验。
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引用次数: 0
Vehicle Suspension System with a Biodynamic model and a Passenger Comfort Oriented Controller 基于生物动力学模型和乘客舒适度控制器的汽车悬架系统
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976662
Luis F. Moreno, Carlos A. Lopez, Jan G. Alcantar, J.R. Montoya-Morales, Carlos Izaguirre-Espinosa, Fernando Piñal-Moctezuma, L. Félix-Herrán
Ensuring passenger comfort in automobiles is one of the most relevant and valued performance indicators. Regarding suspensions, which ensure passenger comfort by isolating the cabin from disturbances coming from the road profile, it is important to accurately measure the vertical dynamics of the passenger to improve comfort with an automatic control strategy. The contribution of this research is the generation of a mathematical model of 7 degrees of freedom (7DOF) from the connection of the 4DOF biodynamic model reported by Bai et al. (2017) and a 3DOF seat-chassis-tire model, limited to the vertical dynamics of a one-quarter vehicle (QoV). This proposal allows a more detailed analysis of the effects of disturbances on passengers and improves comfort through a semi-active suspension, e.g., a Skyhook control aimed at improving the passenger’s sense of comfort. Simulation results are presented in the time and frequency domains. The findings motivate the use of this biodynamic model in more advanced studies involving improvements in suspensions and/or the extension of the study to a half or full vehicle.
确保乘客在汽车中的舒适性是最相关和最有价值的性能指标之一。悬架通过隔离客舱与道路轮廓的干扰来确保乘客的舒适性,因此精确测量乘客的垂直动态以通过自动控制策略提高舒适性非常重要。本研究的贡献是将Bai等人(2017)报道的4自由度生物动力学模型与3自由度座椅-底盘-轮胎模型相结合,生成7自由度(7DOF)的数学模型,该模型仅限于四分之一车辆(QoV)的垂直动力学。该方案允许对干扰对乘客的影响进行更详细的分析,并通过半主动悬架提高舒适度,例如,旨在提高乘客舒适度的Skyhook控制。给出了时域和频域的仿真结果。这些发现激励了在更高级的研究中使用这种生物动力学模型,包括改进悬架和/或将研究扩展到半辆或整辆车。
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引用次数: 0
Road surface data acquisition system with Fog Computing V2I Networks in Smart Cities 基于雾计算V2I网络的智慧城市路面数据采集系统
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/ISEM55847.2022.9976590
Luis A. Arce-Saenz, Rogelio Bustamante-Bello, J. Izquierdo-Reyes, Luis A. Curiel-Ramirez
The development of smart cities promises to solve several current problems observed in mega cities, one of them being the improvement of vehicular mobility. This research focuses on the design and deployment of a data collection platform to map the road network’s surface through the dynamic response of vehicles. V2I-Fog computing network allows the generation of an affordable, effective, attractive, and sustainable measurement system to record the response of the vehicle’s sprung and unsprung mass to the irregularities of the road surface. The generated data set involves the records of location and dynamic response of the vehicle due to potholes, manholes, speed bumps, pavement patches, as well as even and uneven road segments. The proposed system seeks to improve the data acquisition, analysis, and constant monitoring of road quality in mega cities, and in the future, classify them effectively for better road maintenance and vehicular mobility.
智慧城市的发展有望解决特大城市目前存在的几个问题,其中之一就是车辆移动性的改善。本研究的重点是设计和部署一个数据采集平台,通过车辆的动态响应来绘制路网的表面。V2I-Fog计算网络允许生成一个经济、有效、有吸引力和可持续的测量系统,以记录车辆的簧载和非簧载质量对不规则路面的响应。生成的数据集包括车辆在坑洼、人孔、减速带、路面斑块以及平坦和不平路段的位置和动态响应记录。该系统旨在改善超大城市道路质量的数据采集、分析和持续监测,并在未来有效地对其进行分类,以便更好地进行道路维护和车辆移动。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 International Symposium on Electromobility (ISEM)
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