Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.2.163-177
Nour Abbas, Georges Hatem, Hussein Al Hawli, Ingrid Nader, A. Henaine, Ruben Turé, S. Rachidi
Alopecia has become a growing concern since it directly affects the quality of life of the patients. It can be stimulated by various factors including stress, lifestyle changes, genetic predisposition, and aging. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the lifestyle patterns of alopecia patients, to understand alopecia´s characteristics and treatment options, and finally to assess the factors affecting the willingness to undergo treatment. An observational crosssectional study was conducted targeting 171 alopecia patients in the Lebanese adult population in 2020. A survey was administered during face-to-face interviews to collect the study data. Almost half of the participants in this study were smokers and alcohol consumers. For the majority of participants, alopecia initiated between 20 and 40 years and was associated with family history. Moreover, the willingness to use hair loss treatment is higher with age and university graduates had 5.05 higher odds to use them compared to primary and intermediate levels. The existence of family history had 3.42 higher odds to use hair loss treatment. In conclusion, patients with alopecia had specific lifestyle patterns. Pharmacists were the main source of information for alopecia treatment. Therefore, empowering their role in providing the adequate support for the patients is essential.
{"title":"Lifestyle Patterns of Patients with Alopecia and Factors Affecting their Willingness to Undergo Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adults","authors":"Nour Abbas, Georges Hatem, Hussein Al Hawli, Ingrid Nader, A. Henaine, Ruben Turé, S. Rachidi","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.2.163-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.2.163-177","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia has become a growing concern since it directly affects the quality of life of the patients. It can be stimulated by various factors including stress, lifestyle changes, genetic predisposition, and aging. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the lifestyle patterns of alopecia patients, to understand alopecia´s characteristics and treatment options, and finally to assess the factors affecting the willingness to undergo treatment. An observational crosssectional study was conducted targeting 171 alopecia patients in the Lebanese adult population in 2020. A survey was administered during face-to-face interviews to collect the study data. Almost half of the participants in this study were smokers and alcohol consumers. For the majority of participants, alopecia initiated between 20 and 40 years and was associated with family history. Moreover, the willingness to use hair loss treatment is higher with age and university graduates had 5.05 higher odds to use them compared to primary and intermediate levels. The existence of family history had 3.42 higher odds to use hair loss treatment. In conclusion, patients with alopecia had specific lifestyle patterns. Pharmacists were the main source of information for alopecia treatment. Therefore, empowering their role in providing the adequate support for the patients is essential.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47630389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.2.111-117
Hicher Azzeddine, A. Bairi
The pastoral sheep system in Algeria is organized on the sale, particularly to male over six months old, on the occasion of the religious festivities. For the sake of its wide emergence and enormous economic losses, Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) can put this type of animal production suffering and its sustainability may be in suspicion. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence ratio of CLA in Algeria (case of Ziban- East province). A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was undertaken (January 2021 to Mai 2021) on 33 randomly selected sheep farms conducted in extensive pastoral care. On the basis of clinical examination of 7265 sheep (1150 male and 6115 female), the farm level infection with CLA in the target area was estimated to be 87.88% [95% confidence interval (CI):71.8- 96.6 %]. The disease was significantly higher in males (7.22%) than in females (4.67%) (χ 2 test, P< 0.005). Moreover, sheep between 6 and 24 months old were significantly the more infected (14%) (F test, P< 0.01). We concluded that C. lymphadenitis infection is widely disseminated in sheep flocks in Ziban-East in Algeria and eradication programs are very necessary.
{"title":"The Caseous lymphadenitis Increases the Vulnerability of the Sheep Herders in Algeria (Case of the Ziban-East Province)","authors":"Hicher Azzeddine, A. Bairi","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.2.111-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.2.111-117","url":null,"abstract":"The pastoral sheep system in Algeria is organized on the sale, particularly to male over six months old, on the occasion of the religious festivities. For the sake of its wide emergence and enormous economic losses, Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) can put this type of animal production suffering and its sustainability may be in suspicion. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence ratio of CLA in Algeria (case of Ziban- East province). A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was undertaken (January 2021 to Mai 2021) on 33 randomly selected sheep farms conducted in extensive pastoral care. On the basis of clinical examination of 7265 sheep (1150 male and 6115 female), the farm level infection with CLA in the target area was estimated to be 87.88% [95% confidence interval (CI):71.8- 96.6 %]. The disease was significantly higher in males (7.22%) than in females (4.67%) (χ 2 test, P< 0.005). Moreover, sheep between 6 and 24 months old were significantly the more infected (14%) (F test, P< 0.01). We concluded that C. lymphadenitis infection is widely disseminated in sheep flocks in Ziban-East in Algeria and eradication programs are very necessary.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48473835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.2.146-162
Ahué Koffi Marcellin, A. Kadja, Mamyrbekova-Bekro Janat Akhanovna, M. Tangui, V. David, Pirat Jean-Luc, Guiffrey Pascale, B. Yves-Alain
The present study aims to isolate and identify bioactive phytocompounds derived from the crude methanolic extract, an effective extract of Erythrina senegalensis DC. (Fabaceae). The chloroform extract (selective extract of the crude methanol extract) was obtained by liquidliquid extraction, then tested for its protective activity in vivo against Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model. After showing a beneficial effect, this extract underwent chromatographic (open column, HPLC) and spectroscopic (NMR) analyzes in order to isolate and characterize the phytocompounds which would be at the origin of the observed biological activities. Thus, two phycompounds of the flavonoid class: osajin and cajaflavanone, were isolated for the first time from E. senegalensis from Côte d'Ivoire.
本研究旨在分离鉴定塞内加尔红藓(Erythrina senegalensis DC)有效提取物粗甲醇提取物的活性成分。(蝶形花科)。采用液液萃取法获得氯仿提取物(粗甲醇提取物的选择性提取物)，并在小鼠模型中检测其对阿尔茨海默病的体内保护作用。在显示出有益的效果后，该提取物进行了色谱(开柱，高效液相色谱)和光谱(核磁共振)分析，以分离和表征可能是观察到的生物活性来源的植物化合物。首次从产自Côte d' ivivire的E. senegalensis中分离到黄酮类植物化合物osajin和cajaflavanone。
{"title":"In vivo Neuroprotective Activity of the Chloroform Selective Extract from the Bark of Erythrina senegalensis DC. (Fabaceae) and Characterization of two Isolated Phytoconstituents","authors":"Ahué Koffi Marcellin, A. Kadja, Mamyrbekova-Bekro Janat Akhanovna, M. Tangui, V. David, Pirat Jean-Luc, Guiffrey Pascale, B. Yves-Alain","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.2.146-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.2.146-162","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to isolate and identify bioactive phytocompounds derived from the crude methanolic extract, an effective extract of Erythrina senegalensis DC. (Fabaceae). The chloroform extract (selective extract of the crude methanol extract) was obtained by liquidliquid extraction, then tested for its protective activity in vivo against Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model. After showing a beneficial effect, this extract underwent chromatographic (open column, HPLC) and spectroscopic (NMR) analyzes in order to isolate and characterize the phytocompounds which would be at the origin of the observed biological activities. Thus, two phycompounds of the flavonoid class: osajin and cajaflavanone, were isolated for the first time from E. senegalensis from Côte d'Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68676061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.2.178-190
Samar Billi Noaman, Haissam Lakkis
Compared to importation, the pharmaceutical production in Lebanon is still weak. The generics prescription is neglected according to the medicines of origin as only big brands dominate the Lebanese market. Despite the agreements between Lebanon and other Arab countries, the nature of the regulatory environment in the latter is likely to be a substantial obstacle that prevents the access of the Lebanese medicines to the markets of the Arab countries. On the other hand, the development of a new market access remains a necessity for increasing the volume of pharmaceutical exports. This paper aims to demonstrate, based on the Lebanese market analysis the significance of supporting local pharmaceutical manufacturing since it contributes as a primary factor in reducing the cost of the medical bill for citizens, public institutions, and payers. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations to strengthen the pharmaceutical sector as well as to stimulate and develop the local production of pharmaceutical medications.
{"title":"Lebanese Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Industry: Investing in the Pharmaceutical Industry to Promote Exports","authors":"Samar Billi Noaman, Haissam Lakkis","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.2.178-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.2.178-190","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to importation, the pharmaceutical production in Lebanon is still weak. The generics prescription is neglected according to the medicines of origin as only big brands dominate the Lebanese market. Despite the agreements between Lebanon and other Arab countries, the nature of the regulatory environment in the latter is likely to be a substantial obstacle that prevents the access of the Lebanese medicines to the markets of the Arab countries. On the other hand, the development of a new market access remains a necessity for increasing the volume of pharmaceutical exports. This paper aims to demonstrate, based on the Lebanese market analysis the significance of supporting local pharmaceutical manufacturing since it contributes as a primary factor in reducing the cost of the medical bill for citizens, public institutions, and payers. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations to strengthen the pharmaceutical sector as well as to stimulate and develop the local production of pharmaceutical medications.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44519925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.2.134-145
Zoheir BouchikhiTani, Réda Kechairi
The biological activity of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. growing naturally (Honaine region, Algeria), and cultivated Rosmarinus tournefortii de Noé (Tlemcen region, Algeria) was tested under laboratory conditions against the chickpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) which causes losses in the field and during storage. The essential oils were tested at three different doses 1, 3, and 5 µL/30 g of seeds, on different biological parameters: adult mortality, female fecundity, and fertility of laid eggs. Results indicated that these essential oils exert varying toxicity levels on the adults of C. maculatus, with a decrease or even inhibition of the fecundity of the females and the fertility of the laid eggs at high doses. However, the essential oils of R. officinalis were more effective than that of R. tournefortii with LD50 of 2.97 and 4.74 µL/30 g of seeds and LT50 of 2.10 and 3.14 days, respectively. Thus, the chemical composition of the major toxic components in the two essential oils, like α-pinene, camphor, β-pinene, cineole, and borneol, extracted from the two national regions is essential to make use of these products as botanical insecticides.
{"title":"Insecticidal Activity on Callosobruchus Maculatus of Essential Oils Extracted from Naturally Grown and Cultivated Rosemary","authors":"Zoheir BouchikhiTani, Réda Kechairi","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.2.134-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.2.134-145","url":null,"abstract":"The biological activity of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. growing naturally (Honaine region, Algeria), and cultivated Rosmarinus tournefortii de Noé (Tlemcen region, Algeria) was tested under laboratory conditions against the chickpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) which causes losses in the field and during storage. The essential oils were tested at three different doses 1, 3, and 5 µL/30 g of seeds, on different biological parameters: adult mortality, female fecundity, and fertility of laid eggs. Results indicated that these essential oils exert varying toxicity levels on the adults of C. maculatus, with a decrease or even inhibition of the fecundity of the females and the fertility of the laid eggs at high doses. However, the essential oils of R. officinalis were more effective than that of R. tournefortii with LD50 of 2.97 and 4.74 µL/30 g of seeds and LT50 of 2.10 and 3.14 days, respectively. Thus, the chemical composition of the major toxic components in the two essential oils, like α-pinene, camphor, β-pinene, cineole, and borneol, extracted from the two national regions is essential to make use of these products as botanical insecticides.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42712267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.2.118-133
Salwa Wadih Tohmé Tawk, Roy Abi Jaoude, Bouchra Hamieh, Rafca Matta, H. Chahine
Studies are done on different crops worldwide to gather data allowing on one hand policy makers to implement food loss reduction strategies, and on the other hand researchers to calculate and monitor the food loss. This article identifies and quantifies the losses in the Lebanese apples at the cold storage level in Kesrwan-Mount Lebanon and recognises the main causes of those losses. A preliminary diagnosis based on key informant interviews was followed by assessing a sample of 29 Metric Tons (MT) of apples handled by 14 traders in three cold storage facilities. The sorted apples were assessed for the type of damage and its causes. The graded apples as assessed by traders were measured. A survey was also conducted with farmers, traders, and managers of cold storage facilities. The results identified the actors, the postharvest practices, three distinct postharvest systems and cost-profit values based on the usage of cold storage and the different marketing channels. Results showed that 5% of the stored apples were lost, only grade 1 (41%) and grade 2 (26%) could get a good price while the rest (28%) could hardly cover the cost of production. Hence, improving the production and postharvest systems would lead to higher quantities of good quality apples and meet high-end markets.
{"title":"Preliminary Study on Food Loss Analysis in the Apple Value Chain: The Case of Kesrwan-Mount Lebanon","authors":"Salwa Wadih Tohmé Tawk, Roy Abi Jaoude, Bouchra Hamieh, Rafca Matta, H. Chahine","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.2.118-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.2.118-133","url":null,"abstract":"Studies are done on different crops worldwide to gather data allowing on one hand policy makers to implement food loss reduction strategies, and on the other hand researchers to calculate and monitor the food loss. This article identifies and quantifies the losses in the Lebanese apples at the cold storage level in Kesrwan-Mount Lebanon and recognises the main causes of those losses. A preliminary diagnosis based on key informant interviews was followed by assessing a sample of 29 Metric Tons (MT) of apples handled by 14 traders in three cold storage facilities. The sorted apples were assessed for the type of damage and its causes. The graded apples as assessed by traders were measured. A survey was also conducted with farmers, traders, and managers of cold storage facilities. The results identified the actors, the postharvest practices, three distinct postharvest systems and cost-profit values based on the usage of cold storage and the different marketing channels. Results showed that 5% of the stored apples were lost, only grade 1 (41%) and grade 2 (26%) could get a good price while the rest (28%) could hardly cover the cost of production. Hence, improving the production and postharvest systems would lead to higher quantities of good quality apples and meet high-end markets.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.1.099-110
Yasmine Moubasher, M. Chaaya, S. Abdulrahim, Miran A. Jaffa, Abla M. Sibai
Several studies examined the factors associated with self-rated health (SRH), but few studied the relationship between cognitive decline and SRH. The aim of this study was to explore the association between cognitive decline and SRH of Lebanese older adults. This is a secondary analysis of data collected for a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013 to assess prevalence of dementia among a selected representative sample of community older adults aged 65 years and above living in two governorates, Beirut and Mount Lebanon. 419 older adults with no dementia who answered the SRH question and had data on cognitive decline were included in this study. Cognitive decline was measured using the Arabic validated Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the elderly (IQCODE). Results show that around 43% reported moderate/bad SRH and 8.8% suffered from cognitive decline. Adjusting for nine confounders, our results showed that the odds of reporting moderate/bad SRH among older adults with cognitive decline was 2.91 times than that of those with no cognitive decline (p-value=0.016). As a conclusion, this study findings suggest that SRH is strongly correlated with cognitive decline. Health care providers in primary care centers, neurologists, and geriatricians can use the SRH question as a preliminary screen of older adults’ cognitive functions.
{"title":"Cognitive Decline and Self Rated Health Among Older Adults in Lebanon","authors":"Yasmine Moubasher, M. Chaaya, S. Abdulrahim, Miran A. Jaffa, Abla M. Sibai","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.1.099-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.1.099-110","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies examined the factors associated with self-rated health (SRH), but few studied the relationship between cognitive decline and SRH. The aim of this study was to explore the association between cognitive decline and SRH of Lebanese older adults. This is a secondary analysis of data collected for a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013 to assess prevalence of dementia among a selected representative sample of community older adults aged 65 years and above living in two governorates, Beirut and Mount Lebanon. 419 older adults with no dementia who answered the SRH question and had data on cognitive decline were included in this study. Cognitive decline was measured using the Arabic validated Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the elderly (IQCODE). Results show that around 43% reported moderate/bad SRH and 8.8% suffered from cognitive decline. Adjusting for nine confounders, our results showed that the odds of reporting moderate/bad SRH among older adults with cognitive decline was 2.91 times than that of those with no cognitive decline (p-value=0.016). As a conclusion, this study findings suggest that SRH is strongly correlated with cognitive decline. Health care providers in primary care centers, neurologists, and geriatricians can use the SRH question as a preliminary screen of older adults’ cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41980217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.1.078-098
Mohamad Faraj
The Lebanese economy primarily relies on the service sector, and tourism is one of the most important economic service sectors in Lebanon, for it constitutes 20% of Lebanon’s national income. One particularly interesting aspect of tourism is rural tourism, which could represent a significant economic opportunity for Lebanon, especially after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and amongst the Lebanese economic crisis. This article focuses on nine main factors that are believed to have an influence on the decision-making process of tourists visiting rural destination in Lebanon. These factors include tourist attraction, tourist transportation, accommodation, tourist entertainment, natural environment, hospitality environment, tourist information, marketing and safety and security. The aim of this study is to analyze the perception of Lebanese tourism stakeholders towards the mentioned nine factors that could affect the decisions of tourists, thereby aiding those stakeholders to create appropriate tourism strategies that match the needs of tourists more accurately. The main research question addressed is stated as follows: “What are the factors that have the most impact on the decision-making process of tourists visiting rural tourism destinations in Lebanon?” Tourism stakeholders targeted in this article include tourists visiting Lebanon, tour operators, the Lebanese government and local authorities such as municipalities, local residents of tourism destinations, the private sector, NGOs and others. As for the research methodology, a quantitative research approach based on a self-designed survey was applied. Primary data was collected from several rural Lebanese villages randomly selecting 354 respondents of varied profiles. These respondents were also interviewed face-to-face. Data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0; The Chi Square test (two-way contingency table) and a correlation analysis were used to analyze data and check the validity of the proposed hypotheses. Results of the study revealed that (i) transportation facilities, (ii) the natural environment, and (iii) the safety and security of a tourism destination were the most impactful factors that affected decisions of tourists. It is recommended that tourism stakeholders carefully study their target market in order to meet the corresponding tourism demands. Nevertheless, stakeholders such as the government should cooperate with other stakeholders and enroll them in tourism planning in order to optimize tourism capacity and achieve sustainable tourism development in the future. A future perspective of the subject could highlight foreign currency exchange rate and COVID-19 vaccination as additional factors that could have a remarkable impact on the decision-making process of tourists considering Lebanese rural tourism destinations.
{"title":"The impact of understanding tourists’ preferences on optimizing tourism outcome in Lebanese rural destinations","authors":"Mohamad Faraj","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.1.078-098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.1.078-098","url":null,"abstract":"The Lebanese economy primarily relies on the service sector, and tourism is one of the most important economic service sectors in Lebanon, for it constitutes 20% of Lebanon’s national income. One particularly interesting aspect of tourism is rural tourism, which could represent a significant economic opportunity for Lebanon, especially after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and amongst the Lebanese economic crisis. This article focuses on nine main factors that are believed to have an influence on the decision-making process of tourists visiting rural destination in Lebanon. These factors include tourist attraction, tourist transportation, accommodation, tourist entertainment, natural environment, hospitality environment, tourist information, marketing and safety and security. The aim of this study is to analyze the perception of Lebanese tourism stakeholders towards the mentioned nine factors that could affect the decisions of tourists, thereby aiding those stakeholders to create appropriate tourism strategies that match the needs of tourists more accurately. The main research question addressed is stated as follows: “What are the factors that have the most impact on the decision-making process of tourists visiting rural tourism destinations in Lebanon?” Tourism stakeholders targeted in this article include tourists visiting Lebanon, tour operators, the Lebanese government and local authorities such as municipalities, local residents of tourism destinations, the private sector, NGOs and others. As for the research methodology, a quantitative research approach based on a self-designed survey was applied. Primary data was collected from several rural Lebanese villages randomly selecting 354 respondents of varied profiles. These respondents were also interviewed face-to-face. Data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0; The Chi Square test (two-way contingency table) and a correlation analysis were used to analyze data and check the validity of the proposed hypotheses. Results of the study revealed that (i) transportation facilities, (ii) the natural environment, and (iii) the safety and security of a tourism destination were the most impactful factors that affected decisions of tourists. It is recommended that tourism stakeholders carefully study their target market in order to meet the corresponding tourism demands. Nevertheless, stakeholders such as the government should cooperate with other stakeholders and enroll them in tourism planning in order to optimize tourism capacity and achieve sustainable tourism development in the future. A future perspective of the subject could highlight foreign currency exchange rate and COVID-19 vaccination as additional factors that could have a remarkable impact on the decision-making process of tourists considering Lebanese rural tourism destinations.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68675958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.1.033-047
T. Atallah, A. Fadel, Mohamed Bahmad, Rayan El-Zein, Hoda Khatoun, I. Jomaa, Janat Mousaddak, Hyam Youssef, T. Darwish
In this study the aim was to evaluate alternative crops able to tolerate thefuture rise in salinity, likely to occur in the East Mediterranean coastal areas. For this, two genotypes of pearl millet (Tall and IP13) were submitted to saline conditions (4, 8, 12 dS.m-1 and 2 dS.m-1 as control) in a field trial. Water consumption using neutron probe technique, physiological response and the production were studied. The neutron probe technique showed that 96% of consumed water originated in the upper 0.45 m. As salinity increased, water consumption became shallower, suggesting a different root distribution. Physiological aspects related to plant height, foliar potassium and uptake of nitrogen were investigated. Tallest plants were found in 4 dS.m-1 in Tall, and in 2 dS.m-1 in IP13. Foliar potassium was similar in Tall variety, while IP13 excluded the potassium, in order to reduce cellular ions. In Tall the 15N technique showed that 40-50% of plant N originated from the fertilizers, irrespective of saline conditions. Fresh weight was not different between 4 and 8 dS.m-1, in three cuts out of five in 2016 and 2017. Tall produced higher dry matter, especially under saline conditions. Best water use efficiency was in 4 dS.m-1 (10.4 kg.m-3 in Tall; 8.8 kg.m-3 in IP13). The plotting of dry matter production against salinity gave quadratic equations, with a peak at 5.6 dS.m-1 for IP13 and 7.1 dS.m-1 for Tall. Tall can be used for phytoremediation of soils in coastal areas, and as a forage crop.
{"title":"Performance of salt-tolerant forage genotypes of millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] in Eastern Mediterranean conditions","authors":"T. Atallah, A. Fadel, Mohamed Bahmad, Rayan El-Zein, Hoda Khatoun, I. Jomaa, Janat Mousaddak, Hyam Youssef, T. Darwish","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.1.033-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.1.033-047","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the aim was to evaluate alternative crops able to tolerate thefuture rise in salinity, likely to occur in the East Mediterranean coastal areas. For this, two genotypes of pearl millet (Tall and IP13) were submitted to saline conditions (4, 8, 12 dS.m-1 and 2 dS.m-1 as control) in a field trial. Water consumption using neutron probe technique, physiological response and the production were studied. The neutron probe technique showed that 96% of consumed water originated in the upper 0.45 m. As salinity increased, water consumption became shallower, suggesting a different root distribution. Physiological aspects related to plant height, foliar potassium and uptake of nitrogen were investigated. Tallest plants were found in 4 dS.m-1 in Tall, and in 2 dS.m-1 in IP13. Foliar potassium was similar in Tall variety, while IP13 excluded the potassium, in order to reduce cellular ions. In Tall the 15N technique showed that 40-50% of plant N originated from the fertilizers, irrespective of saline conditions. Fresh weight was not different between 4 and 8 dS.m-1, in three cuts out of five in 2016 and 2017. Tall produced higher dry matter, especially under saline conditions. Best water use efficiency was in 4 dS.m-1 (10.4 kg.m-3 in Tall; 8.8 kg.m-3 in IP13). The plotting of dry matter production against salinity gave quadratic equations, with a peak at 5.6 dS.m-1 for IP13 and 7.1 dS.m-1 for Tall. Tall can be used for phytoremediation of soils in coastal areas, and as a forage crop.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44307941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.22453/lsj-023.1.017-032
Mirvette Benfréha Benyelles, Asmaa Belgharbi Allam, S. Mokrani, A. Tir Touil Meddah, B. Moussa-Boudjemâa
The present study was conducted in a sewage treatment plant, called "El Kouwaer", located in the department of Mascara, North-West of Algeria. Mainly, the objective of this investigation is to evaluate the relevant settling and pollution parameters and to assess the proliferation level of filamentous microbial communities during the dysfunction period to further the effectiveness of the operative treatment. Sludge parameter values were estimated such us Settling Test, Diluted Sludge Volume Index (DSVI), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) content to set up the sludge classification, the performance analysis of treatment was conducted by computing pollution indicators and removal efficiencies of organic pollution, as well as the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of dysfunction parameters. The results showed that in aeration tanks 65% of samples represented a maximum Filament Index (FI) of 6. Diluted Sludge Volume Index (DSVI) was greater than 300 mg/L in 23% of samples. A high level of filamentous bacteria biodiversity was also noted during the assessment of the (FI) including Microthrix parvicella, Bogiotae, and Sphaerotilus natans. The effluent in the biological unit was characterized by BOD5/COD ratio of 0.17 and COD removal efficiency of 53.32%. Those results demonstrated that the sewage treatment plant is frequently affected by bulking problems. This study had confirmed the importance of continuous monitoring of different process parameters like Wastewater Biodegradability Index, Dissolved Oxygen, filamentous flora, and Dilute Sludge Volume Index (DSVI) to avoid irreversible damage at the level of a wastewater treatment plant.
{"title":"Microbiological aspects of the aeration tanks of an activated sludge treatment plant in dysfunction: Consequences on its treatment performance","authors":"Mirvette Benfréha Benyelles, Asmaa Belgharbi Allam, S. Mokrani, A. Tir Touil Meddah, B. Moussa-Boudjemâa","doi":"10.22453/lsj-023.1.017-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22453/lsj-023.1.017-032","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in a sewage treatment plant, called \"El Kouwaer\", located in the department of Mascara, North-West of Algeria. Mainly, the objective of this investigation is to evaluate the relevant settling and pollution parameters and to assess the proliferation level of filamentous microbial communities during the dysfunction period to further the effectiveness of the operative treatment. Sludge parameter values were estimated such us Settling Test, Diluted Sludge Volume Index (DSVI), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) content to set up the sludge classification, the performance analysis of treatment was conducted by computing pollution indicators and removal efficiencies of organic pollution, as well as the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of dysfunction parameters. The results showed that in aeration tanks 65% of samples represented a maximum Filament Index (FI) of 6. Diluted Sludge Volume Index (DSVI) was greater than 300 mg/L in 23% of samples. A high level of filamentous bacteria biodiversity was also noted during the assessment of the (FI) including Microthrix parvicella, Bogiotae, and Sphaerotilus natans. The effluent in the biological unit was characterized by BOD5/COD ratio of 0.17 and COD removal efficiency of 53.32%. Those results demonstrated that the sewage treatment plant is frequently affected by bulking problems. This study had confirmed the importance of continuous monitoring of different process parameters like Wastewater Biodegradability Index, Dissolved Oxygen, filamentous flora, and Dilute Sludge Volume Index (DSVI) to avoid irreversible damage at the level of a wastewater treatment plant.","PeriodicalId":31081,"journal":{"name":"Lebanese Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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