La gestion de riesgos por el aumento de la escorrentia superficial en zonas urbanas requiere intervencion desde multiples enfoques, ambientales, sanitarios, sociales y economicas. La infraestructura verde aporta soluciones de creciente interes por sus beneficios ambientales y potencial aprovechamiento economico. Este articulo propone un mejoramiento tecnologico para la adaptacion de los techos verdes al clima tropical andino, en terminos de su comportamiento hidrologico, para lo cual se desarrollo un montaje experimental con seis modulos de techos verdes extensivos y un modulo testigo (solo cubierta). El montaje experimental permitio la obtencion de datos de 21 eventos de precipitacion, modificando la configuracion de dos factores experimentales, tipo de planta con seis variaciones y altura de sustrato con tres variaciones y tres eventos mas para verificar el efecto de la variacion de la pendiente de la cubierta, como tercer factor. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron para el calculo de las variables hidrologicas de interes (precipitacion, escorrentia, duracion del evento, tiempo anterior seco), que expresan las caracteristicas del evento y los indicadores del comportamiento hidrologico (coeficientes de escorrentia basado en volumen Cv y en el caudal pico Cp y tiempo de retraso K) y su analisis estadistico permitio identificar cuales factores experimentales tienen o no influencia significativa en dichos indicadores. Finalmente, se desarrollaron herramientas para la simulacion de variables e indicadores hidrologicos a partir de series de precipitacion externas y su implementacion en una herramienta de diseno que seleccione las configuraciones de techos verdes que presenten el mejor comportamiento hidrologico.
{"title":"Propuesta de mejoramiento tecnológico de techos verdes para el clima tropical andino","authors":"A. Cubillos, Sandra Galarza-Molina, Andrés Torres","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.2672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.2672","url":null,"abstract":"La gestion de riesgos por el aumento de la escorrentia superficial en zonas urbanas requiere intervencion desde multiples enfoques, ambientales, sanitarios, sociales y economicas. La infraestructura verde aporta soluciones de creciente interes por sus beneficios ambientales y potencial aprovechamiento economico. Este articulo propone un mejoramiento tecnologico para la adaptacion de los techos verdes al clima tropical andino, en terminos de su comportamiento hidrologico, para lo cual se desarrollo un montaje experimental con seis modulos de techos verdes extensivos y un modulo testigo (solo cubierta). El montaje experimental permitio la obtencion de datos de 21 eventos de precipitacion, modificando la configuracion de dos factores experimentales, tipo de planta con seis variaciones y altura de sustrato con tres variaciones y tres eventos mas para verificar el efecto de la variacion de la pendiente de la cubierta, como tercer factor. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron para el calculo de las variables hidrologicas de interes (precipitacion, escorrentia, duracion del evento, tiempo anterior seco), que expresan las caracteristicas del evento y los indicadores del comportamiento hidrologico (coeficientes de escorrentia basado en volumen Cv y en el caudal pico Cp y tiempo de retraso K) y su analisis estadistico permitio identificar cuales factores experimentales tienen o no influencia significativa en dichos indicadores. Finalmente, se desarrollaron herramientas para la simulacion de variables e indicadores hidrologicos a partir de series de precipitacion externas y su implementacion en una herramienta de diseno que seleccione las configuraciones de techos verdes que presenten el mejor comportamiento hidrologico.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46952026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Fernández, Ángela Barrios-Padura, Marta Molina-Huelva
The reinforcement system of concrete structures using composite materials has been widely used for more than fifty years. However, there are still many unknowns regarding their longterm behavior, as the control of the bond between the concrete and the reinforcement materials being essential to ensure their quality. It is a reinforcement system that is made by adhesion, and as consequence of the uncertainty on the adhesion tension, in practice, it is solved with anchorages that make the work more expensive and which are not feasible for large areas of reinforcement. A correct installation that guarantees the proper behavior of the reinforcement materials would optimize this type of strengthening system and its applicability. The implementation of an appropriate quality control plan guarantees the optimization of the system and allows to establish the proper maintenance criteria. This research presents an experimental program for the quality control of laying, based on the study of the bond between the concrete and fiber composite sheets, taking into account different types of concrete and surface preparation techniques. An in situ quality control plan with semi-destructive pull off and non-destructive ultrasonic type tests allows verifying the effectiveness of the reinforcement.
{"title":"Aplicaciones de las técnicas no destructivas Pull-Off y ultrasonidos en el control de calidad del refuerzo con materiales compuestos en estructuras de concreto","authors":"V. Fernández, Ángela Barrios-Padura, Marta Molina-Huelva","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.2593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.2593","url":null,"abstract":"The reinforcement system of concrete structures using composite materials has been widely used for more than fifty years. However, there are still many unknowns regarding their longterm behavior, as the control of the bond between the concrete and the reinforcement materials being essential to ensure their quality. It is a reinforcement system that is made by adhesion, and as consequence of the uncertainty on the adhesion tension, in practice, it is solved with anchorages that make the work more expensive and which are not feasible for large areas of reinforcement. A correct installation that guarantees the proper behavior of the reinforcement materials would optimize this type of strengthening system and its applicability. The implementation of an appropriate quality control plan guarantees the optimization of the system and allows to establish the proper maintenance criteria. This research presents an experimental program for the quality control of laying, based on the study of the bond between the concrete and fiber composite sheets, taking into account different types of concrete and surface preparation techniques. An in situ quality control plan with semi-destructive pull off and non-destructive ultrasonic type tests allows verifying the effectiveness of the reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45996839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Giovanni Cortés-Ortiz, Carlos Guerrero-Fajardo
The oxidation of methane to methanol using a direct, economical and low energy cost is an objective pursued by the industry since its inception. Methane is the main component of natural gas, while methanol is both fuel and raw material in the chemical industry. This review article presents the results of work done to achieve this process, identifying the most relevant aspects involved. Low values of methane conversion and selectivity to methanol were found mainly due to two factors: the first is the difficulty of activating methane and the second, being able to control the process to avoid sequential oxidation reactions that generate other products. To increase the performance of the process is necessary to optimize the synthesis conditions of the materials including temperature, time and loads of the active component, which will influence the physical and chemical behavior of the catalyst. It is also necessary to control the variables of the catalytic oxidation process, such as the type of reactor material, feed flows, the residence times of the gases inside the reactor, and thus avoid competitive reactions that decrease the selectivity to the alcohol.
{"title":"Oxidación catalítica selectiva para la conversión de metano a metanol: Una revisión","authors":"William Giovanni Cortés-Ortiz, Carlos Guerrero-Fajardo","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.2623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.2623","url":null,"abstract":"The oxidation of methane to methanol using a direct, economical and low energy cost is an objective pursued by the industry since its inception. Methane is the main component of natural gas, while methanol is both fuel and raw material in the chemical industry. This review article presents the results of work done to achieve this process, identifying the most relevant aspects involved. Low values of methane conversion and selectivity to methanol were found mainly due to two factors: the first is the difficulty of activating methane and the second, being able to control the process to avoid sequential oxidation reactions that generate other products. To increase the performance of the process is necessary to optimize the synthesis conditions of the materials including temperature, time and loads of the active component, which will influence the physical and chemical behavior of the catalyst. It is also necessary to control the variables of the catalytic oxidation process, such as the type of reactor material, feed flows, the residence times of the gases inside the reactor, and thus avoid competitive reactions that decrease the selectivity to the alcohol.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Felipe Londoño Rojas, Valentina Tabares Morales, M. Bez, N. D. D. Méndez
En la actualidad los sitios web no cumplen con requerimientos minimos de accesibilidad, lo que impide que cualquier persona sin importar sus condiciones pueda acceder a los contenidos y servicios disponibles a traves de estos sitios. Este problema se da en parte porque los desarrolladores no tienen conocimientos de los criterios y pautas de accesibilidad existentes o no saben como implementarlas. Como una alternativa, en este trabajo se presenta un analisis de guias para el desarrollo accesible, donde se evaluan diferentes criterios como las discapacidades que son atendidas, el nivel de conocimientos tecnico que se requiere para su comprension y la forma como se presentan los contenidos. A partir de esta evaluacion se genera un cuadro comparativo y se hace la seleccion de las guias que pueden ser de mayor utilidad en la creacion de sitios web accesibles, lo que puede servir como un apoyo a los desarrolladores al decidir cual guia utilizar.
{"title":"Análisis comparativo de guías para el desarrollo web accesible","authors":"Luis Felipe Londoño Rojas, Valentina Tabares Morales, M. Bez, N. D. D. Méndez","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.2683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.2683","url":null,"abstract":"En la actualidad los sitios web no cumplen con requerimientos minimos de accesibilidad, lo que impide que cualquier persona sin importar sus condiciones pueda acceder a los contenidos y servicios disponibles a traves de estos sitios. Este problema se da en parte porque los desarrolladores no tienen conocimientos de los criterios y pautas de accesibilidad existentes o no saben como implementarlas. Como una alternativa, en este trabajo se presenta un analisis de guias para el desarrollo accesible, donde se evaluan diferentes criterios como las discapacidades que son atendidas, el nivel de conocimientos tecnico que se requiere para su comprension y la forma como se presentan los contenidos. A partir de esta evaluacion se genera un cuadro comparativo y se hace la seleccion de las guias que pueden ser de mayor utilidad en la creacion de sitios web accesibles, lo que puede servir como un apoyo a los desarrolladores al decidir cual guia utilizar.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.18359/RCIN.2683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48570439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contribution of shale gas extraction to energy sustainability has been evaluated independently regardless of its relation with water security and its impacts on water sources. For this reason, in the present investigation, we carried out an analysis of these impacts through a bibliographical review of national and international references. Although the analysis made suggests two fundamental aspects: 1) impacts on the water resource associated to the quantity and quality of this and 2) seismic effects or induced seismicity, this research focuses mainly on the first. The results of this review demonstrate a growing increase in research on the impact of fracking; however, it was found that there are deficiencies in the use of numerical models to quantify the environmental effects. Also, the results show that the consumption associated with hydraulic stimulation does not seem to be significant compared to typical uses in other economic practices such as agriculture (irrigation). In this context, in the Colombian context, the challenges are based on consolidating a better network of piezometric information and, in general, a more robust monitoring system to improve decision making regarding fracking, since this type of information represents the first step towards the construction of hydrogeological models that support the risk evaluation and contribute to the reduction of the vulnerability of the water resource in the development of projects of exploitation of shale gas.
{"title":"Efectos de la estimulación hidráulica (fracking) en el recurso hí- drico: Implicaciones en el contexto colombiano","authors":"Sharel Alexa Charry-Ocampo, A. J. Perez","doi":"10.18359/rcin.2549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/rcin.2549","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of shale gas extraction to energy sustainability has been evaluated independently regardless of its relation with water security and its impacts on water sources. For this reason, in the present investigation, we carried out an analysis of these impacts through a bibliographical review of national and international references. Although the analysis made suggests two fundamental aspects: 1) impacts on the water resource associated to the quantity and quality of this and 2) seismic effects or induced seismicity, this research focuses mainly on the first. The results of this review demonstrate a growing increase in research on the impact of fracking; however, it was found that there are deficiencies in the use of numerical models to quantify the environmental effects. Also, the results show that the consumption associated with hydraulic stimulation does not seem to be significant compared to typical uses in other economic practices such as agriculture (irrigation). In this context, in the Colombian context, the challenges are based on consolidating a better network of piezometric information and, in general, a more robust monitoring system to improve decision making regarding fracking, since this type of information represents the first step towards the construction of hydrogeological models that support the risk evaluation and contribute to the reduction of the vulnerability of the water resource in the development of projects of exploitation of shale gas.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42052067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angie Catherin Quintero Agudelo, Camilo Andrés Vargas Terranova, Juan Pablo Sanabria Alcantar
Heterogeneous photocatalysis and pasteurization for water disinfection, are presented as an alternative to potential implementation and operation, because they seek the use of radiation and temperature making it suitable for use in multiple locations, principally where there are sources of supply that low levels of turbidity. To verify the effectiveness of these techniques, we evaluated a composite unit of a rainwater harvesting system, a slow sand filter and a solar disinfection system composed of heterogeneous photocatalysis, which uses as a catalyst of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the form of anatase 99% in a fixed bed, and pasteurization with a recirculation process, in a community located in the South zone of Bogota. The characterization of the tributary showed turbidity values equal to 3.29 NTU, pH 6.4, alkalinity (CaCO 3 ) 2.5 mg L -1 hardness of 0.65 mg CaCO 3 L -1 and presence of coliforms identified in petrifilm plates. Elimination of microorganisms became valid on days with indices of radiation above 4UV (wavelengths of 315 - 400 nm), sunny or partially cloudy weather and values of Turbidity 4 NTU to hydraulic loads below 60 m 3 m -2 d -1 . The effluent presented to the 60% effectiveness in the removal of turbidity and coliform 100%. The results obtained allow the use of the treated water in complementary activities excluding the human consumption.
{"title":"Evaluación de un sistema de fotocatálisis heterogénea y pasteurización para desinfección de aguas lluvias","authors":"Angie Catherin Quintero Agudelo, Camilo Andrés Vargas Terranova, Juan Pablo Sanabria Alcantar","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.2350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.2350","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneous photocatalysis and pasteurization for water disinfection, are presented as an alternative to potential implementation and operation, because they seek the use of radiation and temperature making it suitable for use in multiple locations, principally where there are sources of supply that low levels of turbidity. To verify the effectiveness of these techniques, we evaluated a composite unit of a rainwater harvesting system, a slow sand filter and a solar disinfection system composed of heterogeneous photocatalysis, which uses as a catalyst of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the form of anatase 99% in a fixed bed, and pasteurization with a recirculation process, in a community located in the South zone of Bogota. The characterization of the tributary showed turbidity values equal to 3.29 NTU, pH 6.4, alkalinity (CaCO 3 ) 2.5 mg L -1 hardness of 0.65 mg CaCO 3 L -1 and presence of coliforms identified in petrifilm plates. Elimination of microorganisms became valid on days with indices of radiation above 4UV (wavelengths of 315 - 400 nm), sunny or partially cloudy weather and values of Turbidity 4 NTU to hydraulic loads below 60 m 3 m -2 d -1 . The effluent presented to the 60% effectiveness in the removal of turbidity and coliform 100%. The results obtained allow the use of the treated water in complementary activities excluding the human consumption.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49174804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Felipe Salazar Espinosa, Laura Catalina Pinto Herrera, Boris René Galvis Remolina, Jorge E. Pachon
En Bogota, estudios previos han mostrado que las emisiones de material resuspendido constituyen una parte sustancial del inventario de emisiones e impactan de manera importante la calidad del aire de la ciudad. Esta investigacion estimo los factores de emision (FE) de material particulado resuspendido antes, durante y despues de la pavimentacion de la via principal del barrio Caracoli, en la localidad de Ciudad Bolivar, por parte de la Unidad de Mantenimiento Vial del Distrito (UMV). Conjuntamente, se midio el impacto de la pavimentacion en la calidad del aire. La valoracion del impacto y estimacion experimental de FE de polvo resuspendido se obtuvo a partir de mediciones y un analisis estadistico experimental entre concentraciones de PM10, PM2.5, BC y variables meteorologicas al lado de la via, junto con la aplicacion de los modelos de dispersion SCREEN3 y AERMOD. Los factores de emision estimados para via no pavimentada fueron 7,8 ± 0,5 g PM10/VKT y 0,6 ± 0,2 g PM2.5/VKT y para via en proceso de construccion de 28 ± 0,27 μg PM10/m2*s y 11 ± 0,13 μg PM2.5/m2*s. La modelacion de dispersion atmosferica de material particulado resuspendido mostro una reduccion del area de impacto en aproximadamente 1km y mas de un 95% en concentracion.
在波哥大，先前的研究表明，重复使用材料的排放占排放清单的很大一部分，对城市的空气质量有重大影响。本研究由地区道路维护单位(UMV)估算了在玻利瓦尔市卡拉科利区主要道路铺设之前、期间和之后重复使用的颗粒物的排放因子(FE)。此外，还测量了路面对空气质量的影响。影响valoracion试点estimacion信心resuspendido尘埃使实验测量和分析estadistico PM10、PM2.5浓度,BC和变量之间meteorologicas旁边的起子,连同《模型的准确落点SCREEN3 AERMOD。未铺设道路的排放因子估计为7.8±0.5 g PM10/VKT和0.6±0.2 g PM2.5/VKT，在建道路的排放因子估计为28±0.27 μg PM10/m2*s和11±0.13 μg PM2.5/m2*s。再悬浮颗粒物的大气弥散模型显示，影响面积减少约1公里，浓度超过95%。
{"title":"Estimación de factores de emisión de material particulado resuspendido antes, durante y después de la pavimentación de una vía en Bogotá","authors":"Juan Felipe Salazar Espinosa, Laura Catalina Pinto Herrera, Boris René Galvis Remolina, Jorge E. Pachon","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.1797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.1797","url":null,"abstract":"En Bogota, estudios previos han mostrado que las emisiones de material resuspendido constituyen una parte sustancial del inventario de emisiones e impactan de manera importante la calidad del aire de la ciudad. Esta investigacion estimo los factores de emision (FE) de material particulado resuspendido antes, durante y despues de la pavimentacion de la via principal del barrio Caracoli, en la localidad de Ciudad Bolivar, por parte de la Unidad de Mantenimiento Vial del Distrito (UMV). Conjuntamente, se midio el impacto de la pavimentacion en la calidad del aire. La valoracion del impacto y estimacion experimental de FE de polvo resuspendido se obtuvo a partir de mediciones y un analisis estadistico experimental entre concentraciones de PM10, PM2.5, BC y variables meteorologicas al lado de la via, junto con la aplicacion de los modelos de dispersion SCREEN3 y AERMOD. Los factores de emision estimados para via no pavimentada fueron 7,8 ± 0,5 g PM10/VKT y 0,6 ± 0,2 g PM2.5/VKT y para via en proceso de construccion de 28 ± 0,27 μg PM10/m2*s y 11 ± 0,13 μg PM2.5/m2*s. La modelacion de dispersion atmosferica de material particulado resuspendido mostro una reduccion del area de impacto en aproximadamente 1km y mas de un 95% en concentracion.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.18359/RCIN.1797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Raúl Machado Fernández, Jesús de la Concepción Bacallao Vidal
The presence of the sea clutter interfering signal sets limitations on the quality of radar detection in coastal and ocean environments. The CA-CFAR processor is the classic solution for detecting radar targets. It usually operates keeping constant its adjustment factor during the entire operation period. As a consequence, the scheme does not take into account the slow statistical variations of the background signal when performing the clutter discrimination. To solve this problem, the authors conducted an intensive processing of 40 million computer generated clutter power samples in MATLAB. As a result, they found the optimal adjustment factor values to be applied in 40 possible clutter statistical states, suggesting thus the use of the CA-CFAR architecture with a variable adjustment factor. In addition, a curve fitting procedure was performed, obtaining mathematical expressions that generalize the results for the whole addressed range of clutter statistical states. The experiments were executed with a 64 cells CA-CFAR and found the adjustment factor values for three common false alarms probabilities. The K distribution was used as clutter model, thanks to its wide popularity. This paper facilitates the handling of the K power distribution avoiding the use of Gamma and Bessel functions, commonly found in developments related to the K model. Moreover, requirements for building an adaptive clutter detector in K power clutter with a priori knowledge of the shape parameter were fulfill. Also, several recommendations are given to continue the development of a more overall solution which will also include the estimation of the shape parameter.
{"title":"Optimal selection of the CA-CFAR adjustment factor for K power sea clutter with statistical variations","authors":"José Raúl Machado Fernández, Jesús de la Concepción Bacallao Vidal","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.1714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.1714","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of the sea clutter interfering signal sets limitations on the quality of radar detection in coastal and ocean environments. The CA-CFAR processor is the classic solution for detecting radar targets. It usually operates keeping constant its adjustment factor during the entire operation period. As a consequence, the scheme does not take into account the slow statistical variations of the background signal when performing the clutter discrimination. To solve this problem, the authors conducted an intensive processing of 40 million computer generated clutter power samples in MATLAB. As a result, they found the optimal adjustment factor values to be applied in 40 possible clutter statistical states, suggesting thus the use of the CA-CFAR architecture with a variable adjustment factor. In addition, a curve fitting procedure was performed, obtaining mathematical expressions that generalize the results for the whole addressed range of clutter statistical states. The experiments were executed with a 64 cells CA-CFAR and found the adjustment factor values for three common false alarms probabilities. The K distribution was used as clutter model, thanks to its wide popularity. This paper facilitates the handling of the K power distribution avoiding the use of Gamma and Bessel functions, commonly found in developments related to the K model. Moreover, requirements for building an adaptive clutter detector in K power clutter with a priori knowledge of the shape parameter were fulfill. Also, several recommendations are given to continue the development of a more overall solution which will also include the estimation of the shape parameter.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hernán Paz Penagos, Jaime Andrés Uyuban, Alan Mauricio Narvaez, R. Ferro
Los metodos sismicos de prospeccion constituyen la principal herramienta de exploracion y caracterizacion de reservorios de hidrocarburos, en cualquier cuenca de nuestro planeta. La sismica de reflexion se puede adquirir en tres tipos de ambientes: marino, terrestre y zonas de transicion. Dependiendo de la topografia del area de exploracion que se desea iluminar, los sistemas de interconexion de lineas para la adquisicion sismica pueden ser alambrico o inalambrico. Este articulo presenta los resultados del desarrollo y pruebas de funcionamiento de una red inalambrica que interconecta la estacion central de registro con tres nodos, en una configuracion maestro-esclavo y transmision bidireccional. Entre dichos puntos se propago una portadora digital que modula senales banda base para deteccion de la verticalidad del geofono, y referida al registro de los geofonos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios, en cuanto se transmitio informacion confiable, aprovechando las ventajas de movilidad de terminales e instalacion facil que ofrece las redes inalambricas; sin embargo, se presentaron algunos inconvenientes en la baja tasa de transmision (limita la tasa de muestreo), y perdida de datos por el esquema utilizado para el control de flujo y acceso al medio. Esta experiencia de investigacion permitio proponer una interconexion alternativa frente metodo de interconexion por cable convencional utilizado en la prospeccion sismica por reflexion en Colombia.
{"title":"Desarrollo y prueba de un sistema de radio telemetría para adquisición sísmica","authors":"Hernán Paz Penagos, Jaime Andrés Uyuban, Alan Mauricio Narvaez, R. Ferro","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.1780","url":null,"abstract":"Los metodos sismicos de prospeccion constituyen la principal herramienta de exploracion y caracterizacion de reservorios de hidrocarburos, en cualquier cuenca de nuestro planeta. La sismica de reflexion se puede adquirir en tres tipos de ambientes: marino, terrestre y zonas de transicion. Dependiendo de la topografia del area de exploracion que se desea iluminar, los sistemas de interconexion de lineas para la adquisicion sismica pueden ser alambrico o inalambrico. Este articulo presenta los resultados del desarrollo y pruebas de funcionamiento de una red inalambrica que interconecta la estacion central de registro con tres nodos, en una configuracion maestro-esclavo y transmision bidireccional. Entre dichos puntos se propago una portadora digital que modula senales banda base para deteccion de la verticalidad del geofono, y referida al registro de los geofonos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios, en cuanto se transmitio informacion confiable, aprovechando las ventajas de movilidad de terminales e instalacion facil que ofrece las redes inalambricas; sin embargo, se presentaron algunos inconvenientes en la baja tasa de transmision (limita la tasa de muestreo), y perdida de datos por el esquema utilizado para el control de flujo y acceso al medio. Esta experiencia de investigacion permitio proponer una interconexion alternativa frente metodo de interconexion por cable convencional utilizado en la prospeccion sismica por reflexion en Colombia.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46755133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. C. Zapata, L. Martínez, Estefanía Posada, María. E. González, J. Saldarriaga
Mining is among the activities that alter soil composition the most, which causes visible ground damage by open-pit mines, mine waste tips, tailings ponds and other mine facilities. The main goal of this work was to assess the effect of earthworm on the microorganism growth in mercury polluted soil exposed during the mining activities in the Segovia municipality. These soils represent a significant problem due to the mercury accumulations that causes the loss of soil quality and fertility. For the evaluation have been used contaminated soil from Segovia, which has been mixed with fertile soil in different proportions (30-70, 50-50 and 70-30 contaminated soil - fertile soil), also have been used two controls, fertile soil with earthworm (Eisenia foetida) and soil contaminated without earthworm. Different laboratory cultures were used to study microorganism growth, finding satisfactory growth of microorganisms after 25 and 90 days of treatment. According to the observed behavior, immobilization of mercury and microorganisms adaptation to the environment was evident and grew with time.
{"title":"Efectos de la lombriz roja californiana (Eisenia foetida), sobre el crecimiento de microorganismos en suelos contaminados con mercurio de Segovia, Antoquia","authors":"I. C. Zapata, L. Martínez, Estefanía Posada, María. E. González, J. Saldarriaga","doi":"10.18359/RCIN.1911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18359/RCIN.1911","url":null,"abstract":"Mining is among the activities that alter soil composition the most, which causes visible ground damage by open-pit mines, mine waste tips, tailings ponds and other mine facilities. The main goal of this work was to assess the effect of earthworm on the microorganism growth in mercury polluted soil exposed during the mining activities in the Segovia municipality. These soils represent a significant problem due to the mercury accumulations that causes the loss of soil quality and fertility. For the evaluation have been used contaminated soil from Segovia, which has been mixed with fertile soil in different proportions (30-70, 50-50 and 70-30 contaminated soil - fertile soil), also have been used two controls, fertile soil with earthworm (Eisenia foetida) and soil contaminated without earthworm. Different laboratory cultures were used to study microorganism growth, finding satisfactory growth of microorganisms after 25 and 90 days of treatment. According to the observed behavior, immobilization of mercury and microorganisms adaptation to the environment was evident and grew with time.","PeriodicalId":31201,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.18359/RCIN.1911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48820068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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