F.O. Ogundipe, M. Saidu, A.S. Abdulkareem, A.O Busari
This study describes the removal of total iron, cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, arsenic, mercury silver and zinc from domestic wastewater disposed of via sewers, using Beneficiated Kaolin Clay (BKC), BKC/Ag, BKC/ZnO and BKC/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite adsorbents produced by blending Silver Oxide (Ag) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with kaolin clay. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) results showed that the produced adsorbents were polycrystalline in nature, while the interplanar spacing and average crystalline sizes are 1.775 – 4.712 nm and 26. 834 – 40.258 nm respectively, according to X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis. The Dispersive X – Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis indicated that SiO2/Al2O3 ratios for BKC/Ag, BKC/ZnO and BKC/Ag/ZnO nanocomposites adsorbents were 1.5170, 1.4818 and 1.5231 respectively. Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) analysis showed that the desorption average pore sizes fell in the mesopore widths of 13.8994 – 16.9233 nm and surface areas of 1.0545 - 14.5126 m2.g-1. The removal efficiencies of the produced adsorbents followed this trend: BKC/Ag/ZnO > BKC/Ag > BKC/ZnO > BKC. These adsorbents were excellent in the removal of total iron, cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, arsenic, mercury silver and zinc pollutants from domestic wastewater, and hence, recommended for large scale production.
{"title":"Removal of heavy metals from domestic wastewater using Beneficiated Kaolin Clay, Silver Oxide and zinc Oxide nanocomposite","authors":"F.O. Ogundipe, M. Saidu, A.S. Abdulkareem, A.O Busari","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1651","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the removal of total iron, cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, arsenic, mercury silver and zinc from domestic wastewater disposed of via sewers, using Beneficiated Kaolin Clay (BKC), BKC/Ag, BKC/ZnO and BKC/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite adsorbents produced by blending Silver Oxide (Ag) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with kaolin clay. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) results showed that the produced adsorbents were polycrystalline in nature, while the interplanar spacing and average crystalline sizes are 1.775 – 4.712 nm and 26. 834 – 40.258 nm respectively, according to X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis. The Dispersive X – Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis indicated that SiO2/Al2O3 ratios for BKC/Ag, BKC/ZnO and BKC/Ag/ZnO nanocomposites adsorbents were 1.5170, 1.4818 and 1.5231 respectively. Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) analysis showed that the desorption average pore sizes fell in the mesopore widths of 13.8994 – 16.9233 nm and surface areas of 1.0545 - 14.5126 m2.g-1. The removal efficiencies of the produced adsorbents followed this trend: BKC/Ag/ZnO > BKC/Ag > BKC/ZnO > BKC. These adsorbents were excellent in the removal of total iron, cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, arsenic, mercury silver and zinc pollutants from domestic wastewater, and hence, recommended for large scale production.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the optimisation of mixed media for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) removal from stabilised leachate by feldspar (FE), zeolite (ZE), activated carbon (AC), and cockle shells (CS) mixtures using D-optimal mixture design. Linear equations characterised the optimal mixture. The optimum mitigation of COD and NH3-N in landfill leachate was favourable at 12.5 mg/L, 9.72 mg/L, 6 mg/L, and 11.79 mg/L of adsorbent mixed dosage for FE, ZE, AC, and CS, respectively, with the desirability value of 0.886. The predicted R-squared values for NH3-N (0.9839) and COD (0.8972) were in close agreement with the adjusted R-squared values of 0.9940 and 0.9900 for COD and NH3-N, respectively, which validates the obtained regression models. The Lack of Fit F-values of 0.6015 (COD) and 0.4565 (NH3-N) are insignificant, indicating that the models accurately predict the removal. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the predominant hydroxyl group consisted of –OH at spectra 3306.18 and 3338.74. The study also revealed that the D-optimal mixture design has extremely high application potential as it produces a good mixture design based on the remediation of contaminants from stabilised leachate.
{"title":"Absorbent mixtures optimisation for COD and Ammonia Nitrogen reduction in stabilised leachate","authors":"M. H. Abubakar, Z. Daud, H. A. Abba","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1321","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the optimisation of mixed media for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) removal from stabilised leachate by feldspar (FE), zeolite (ZE), activated carbon (AC), and cockle shells (CS) mixtures using D-optimal mixture design. Linear equations characterised the optimal mixture. The optimum mitigation of COD and NH3-N in landfill leachate was favourable at 12.5 mg/L, 9.72 mg/L, 6 mg/L, and 11.79 mg/L of adsorbent mixed dosage for FE, ZE, AC, and CS, respectively, with the desirability value of 0.886. The predicted R-squared values for NH3-N (0.9839) and COD (0.8972) were in close agreement with the adjusted R-squared values of 0.9940 and 0.9900 for COD and NH3-N, respectively, which validates the obtained regression models. The Lack of Fit F-values of 0.6015 (COD) and 0.4565 (NH3-N) are insignificant, indicating that the models accurately predict the removal. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the predominant hydroxyl group consisted of –OH at spectra 3306.18 and 3338.74. The study also revealed that the D-optimal mixture design has extremely high application potential as it produces a good mixture design based on the remediation of contaminants from stabilised leachate.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants commonly used in vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS) have been phased out due to their negative impact on the ecosystem. R134a and R600a refrigerants were considered as their replacement, but they possess low thermal properties, thereby affecting the performance of the VCRS. In this study, the effect of varying aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle size (10 nm, 20 – 30 nm and 80nm) and volume concentration (1%, 3%, 5% 10% and 20%) on the capacity and exergy efficiency of each component of VCRS for the optimisation of the VCRS performance and reduction of energy consumption was analysed using R134a and R600a refrigerants. The nanolubricant were prepared using the two-step method. The VCRS showed no significant deterioration in the performance of its components as confirmed for over 24 hours when nanorefrigerant was used. The compressor capacity of nanorefrigerant was lower than that of pure refrigerants while the addition of nanoparticle enhanced the refrigeration effect. The exergy efficiency of the vapour compression system improved with the addition of nanoparticles into the system, the exergy destruction caused by friction in the compressor significantly reduced, thereby reducing the energy consumed by the system.
{"title":"Capacities and irreversibility of the vapour compression refrigeration system’s components using aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) based nanolubricants","authors":"M. Ogbonnaya, O. O. Ajayi, M.A. Waheed","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1459","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants commonly used in vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS) have been phased out due to their negative impact on the ecosystem. R134a and R600a refrigerants were considered as their replacement, but they possess low thermal properties, thereby affecting the performance of the VCRS. In this study, the effect of varying aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle size (10 nm, 20 – 30 nm and 80nm) and volume concentration (1%, 3%, 5% 10% and 20%) on the capacity and exergy efficiency of each component of VCRS for the optimisation of the VCRS performance and reduction of energy consumption was analysed using R134a and R600a refrigerants. The nanolubricant were prepared using the two-step method. The VCRS showed no significant deterioration in the performance of its components as confirmed for over 24 hours when nanorefrigerant was used. The compressor capacity of nanorefrigerant was lower than that of pure refrigerants while the addition of nanoparticle enhanced the refrigeration effect. The exergy efficiency of the vapour compression system improved with the addition of nanoparticles into the system, the exergy destruction caused by friction in the compressor significantly reduced, thereby reducing the energy consumed by the system.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Musa, A. A. Mati, A. A. Mas’ud, G. S. Shehu, S. H. Sulaiman, J. M. Rodriguez-Serna
Gaseous cavities in the insulation of high voltage (HV) cables affect the electric field distribution and increase the electrical stress. This accelerates material ageing and creates partial discharge (PD) regions, which can cause cable failure. In this study, a simulation approach using a Finite Element Method (FEM) has been deployed to evaluate the discharge activity and electric field variation in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated power cables. 2-Dimension models corresponding to sections of a practical three-core XLPE insulated cable were developed using COMSOL Multiphysics. Multiple cavities of different dimensions and configurations were considered. The results show that the electric field varies depending on the configuration and dimensions of the cavity. It was found that maximum field strength magnitude depends on the cavities, arrangement and location; an increase of up to 68.7% when compared to the case without cavities.
{"title":"Investigation of electric field enhancement and effects of discharge severity in an insulated power cable with multiple gaseous cavities","authors":"U. Musa, A. A. Mati, A. A. Mas’ud, G. S. Shehu, S. H. Sulaiman, J. M. Rodriguez-Serna","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1435","url":null,"abstract":"Gaseous cavities in the insulation of high voltage (HV) cables affect the electric field distribution and increase the electrical stress. This accelerates material ageing and creates partial discharge (PD) regions, which can cause cable failure. In this study, a simulation approach using a Finite Element Method (FEM) has been deployed to evaluate the discharge activity and electric field variation in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated power cables. 2-Dimension models corresponding to sections of a practical three-core XLPE insulated cable were developed using COMSOL Multiphysics. Multiple cavities of different dimensions and configurations were considered. The results show that the electric field varies depending on the configuration and dimensions of the cavity. It was found that maximum field strength magnitude depends on the cavities, arrangement and location; an increase of up to 68.7% when compared to the case without cavities.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the numerical optimisation of a combined hybrid microchannel heat sink with rectangular solid fins. The axial length and volume are fixed, and external structure is allowed to vary. The simulation was performed on an elemental unit cell of the microchannel heat sink . The purpose of the optimisation is to discover an optimal geometric arrangement in internal and external configurations that minimises peak temperature in the microchannel heat sink. A high-density uniform heat flux of 250 W/cm2 is assumed to be dissipated on the bottom wall of the unit cell by microelectronics circuit boards devices. Computational fluid dynamic code was used to discretized the fluid domain and solve a set of governing equations. The influence of hydraulic diameter, external structural shape and fluid velocity on peak temperature and global thermal resistance, is discussed. Coolant or water of Reynolds number range 400 to 500 in a forced convection laminar flow is introduced through the inlet of the computational domain to remove the heat at the bottom of the rectangular block microchannel. The results show that when the fluid velocity is increased from 9.8 to 12.3 m/s across the axial length of the micro heat sink, more heat is removed from the bottom of the combined heat sink. The results revealed that the pump power increased by 37.1% in combined microchannels with fins and from by 27.2% in finless micro heat sink. The result of the study is validated with what is documented in open literature for a traditional micro heat sink with circular flow channel and the trends agree.
{"title":"Heat transfer enhancement using combined microchannel with vertical rectangular micro fins","authors":"N. Y. Godi","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1454","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the numerical optimisation of a combined hybrid microchannel heat sink with rectangular solid fins. The axial length and volume are fixed, and external structure is allowed to vary. The simulation was performed on an elemental unit cell of the microchannel heat sink . The purpose of the optimisation is to discover an optimal geometric arrangement in internal and external configurations that minimises peak temperature in the microchannel heat sink. A high-density uniform heat flux of 250 W/cm2 is assumed to be dissipated on the bottom wall of the unit cell by microelectronics circuit boards devices. Computational fluid dynamic code was used to discretized the fluid domain and solve a set of governing equations. The influence of hydraulic diameter, external structural shape and fluid velocity on peak temperature and global thermal resistance, is discussed. Coolant or water of Reynolds number range 400 to 500 in a forced convection laminar flow is introduced through the inlet of the computational domain to remove the heat at the bottom of the rectangular block microchannel. The results show that when the fluid velocity is increased from 9.8 to 12.3 m/s across the axial length of the micro heat sink, more heat is removed from the bottom of the combined heat sink. The results revealed that the pump power increased by 37.1% in combined microchannels with fins and from by 27.2% in finless micro heat sink. The result of the study is validated with what is documented in open literature for a traditional micro heat sink with circular flow channel and the trends agree.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pipeline infrastructures are the most used means of transporting oil and gas from extraction point to production and sales point. These pipelines are exposed to various attacks either by natural occurrences, indiscriminate human activities around pipelines or direct criminal sabotage, and therefore require constant monitoring. The use of low-cost wireless devices for pipeline data acquisition as it applies to remote and difficult terrain is presented. Different methods and models have been suggested in literature with several existing systems such as SCADA, DCS, and satellite spectral imaging currently in use for pipeline operations. Among the challenges here is the need for lower operational costs, even at reduced response time demand. The Wireless Data Acquisition System (WDAS) presented simulates a pipeline system in a testbed in which a petroleum product is caused to flow and its parameters read, processed as data and wirelessly transmitted, through a wireless sensor network, to a remote device for monitoring. Results indicate a very short response time of about 3.0sec in the simulation at a percentage accuracy of 0.07% over 1km. It also shows that low-cost wireless sensor networking can provide a cost-effective means for pipeline infrastructure management and should be explored.
{"title":"Leveraging on low-cost devices for wireless data acquisition in remote pipeline networks","authors":"I. C. Febaide, G. O. Uzedhe","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1587","url":null,"abstract":"Pipeline infrastructures are the most used means of transporting oil and gas from extraction point to production and sales point. These pipelines are exposed to various attacks either by natural occurrences, indiscriminate human activities around pipelines or direct criminal sabotage, and therefore require constant monitoring. The use of low-cost wireless devices for pipeline data acquisition as it applies to remote and difficult terrain is presented. Different methods and models have been suggested in literature with several existing systems such as SCADA, DCS, and satellite spectral imaging currently in use for pipeline operations. Among the challenges here is the need for lower operational costs, even at reduced response time demand. The Wireless Data Acquisition System (WDAS) presented simulates a pipeline system in a testbed in which a petroleum product is caused to flow and its parameters read, processed as data and wirelessly transmitted, through a wireless sensor network, to a remote device for monitoring. Results indicate a very short response time of about 3.0sec in the simulation at a percentage accuracy of 0.07% over 1km. It also shows that low-cost wireless sensor networking can provide a cost-effective means for pipeline infrastructure management and should be explored.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the modelling and performance analysis of a line-start three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with dual stator windings. The machine has two sets of windings, main and auxiliary windings. The main winding is connected to the supply while the auxiliary is connected to a balanced capacitor. The dynamic model equations are derived in the d-q rotor reference frame using the concept of winding function theory. The machine input impedance was construed from the steady-state equations, where the effects of capacitance on the performance of the motor were studied. An improved torque was obtained when a suitable capacitance was connected to the auxiliary winding. A point of good performance was established by enhancing its direct axis reactance and the quadrature axis reactance which depend on the size of the capacitor. It is shown that thenew configuration has better performance characteristics when compared with those of the traditional configuration in terms of output power, torque density and efficiency.
{"title":"Performance analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dual stator windings","authors":"O. J. Tola, E. S. Obe, L. U. Anih","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1472","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the modelling and performance analysis of a line-start three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with dual stator windings. The machine has two sets of windings, main and auxiliary windings. The main winding is connected to the supply while the auxiliary is connected to a balanced capacitor. The dynamic model equations are derived in the d-q rotor reference frame using the concept of winding function theory. The machine input impedance was construed from the steady-state equations, where the effects of capacitance on the performance of the motor were studied. An improved torque was obtained when a suitable capacitance was connected to the auxiliary winding. A point of good performance was established by enhancing its direct axis reactance and the quadrature axis reactance which depend on the size of the capacitor. It is shown that thenew configuration has better performance characteristics when compared with those of the traditional configuration in terms of output power, torque density and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All forms of water supply systems had unique characteristics of idle capacity. However, achieving a sustainable water supply over the long term could not eliminate idle capacity. This paper discussed methods for providing efficient capacity without compromising long-term water requirements. The objective of efficient capacity was to reduce idle water capacity and water-carrying infrastructure. This study method reviews previous research results with an in-depth case of a piped water supply system in an urban area. The assessment method referred to the pattern of water demand by consumers. Fluctuations in water demand determined the dimensions of all water supply system components. The results of this study showed that water distribution determines the minimum idle capacity, which directs the need for priority areas for efficient capacity and opens reservoir placement options. Under these priority areas, a decentralised reservoir position resulted in an efficient system dimension. The closer the reservoir was to the consumer, the smaller the idle capacity, which was the contribution of the onsite reservoir. The critical implementation was based on the flexibility of the phasing of water supply and infrastructure. The flexibility addressed the use of flow rates for a certain period, diversification of water sources, and system configuration that determines the dimensions of the infrastructure and maximising utilisation.
{"title":"Maximising efficient water capacity through reservoir configuration with a case study for Malang City of Indonesia","authors":"G. Samudro, H. Samudro, S. Mangkoedihardjo","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1616","url":null,"abstract":"All forms of water supply systems had unique characteristics of idle capacity. However, achieving a sustainable water supply over the long term could not eliminate idle capacity. This paper discussed methods for providing efficient capacity without compromising long-term water requirements. The objective of efficient capacity was to reduce idle water capacity and water-carrying infrastructure. This study method reviews previous research results with an in-depth case of a piped water supply system in an urban area. The assessment method referred to the pattern of water demand by consumers. Fluctuations in water demand determined the dimensions of all water supply system components. The results of this study showed that water distribution determines the minimum idle capacity, which directs the need for priority areas for efficient capacity and opens reservoir placement options. Under these priority areas, a decentralised reservoir position resulted in an efficient system dimension. The closer the reservoir was to the consumer, the smaller the idle capacity, which was the contribution of the onsite reservoir. The critical implementation was based on the flexibility of the phasing of water supply and infrastructure. The flexibility addressed the use of flow rates for a certain period, diversification of water sources, and system configuration that determines the dimensions of the infrastructure and maximising utilisation.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. O. Edoka, V. K. Abanihi, H. E. Amhenrior, E. M. J. Evbogbai, L. O. Bello, V. Oisamoje
Energy consumption forecasting is an operation of predicting the future energy consumption of electrical systems using previous or historical data. The Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) Model; a deep learning model was used in this project to analyze the Short-term consumption forecast performance. This was carried out by using an energy consumption dataset obtained from the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) Benin City regional 132/33KV transmission station. The dataset were daily load readings recorded in the half-hourly format from August to December 2021. The model was used to demonstrate the feasibility of generating an accurate short-term load forecast for the case study despite the peculiarity and insufficiency of the energy consumption readings. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are the statistical evaluation metrics used. The approach produces exceptional levels of accuracy, with MAPE of 0.010 and RMSE of 19.759 for a 100 time-step. The findings imply that the LSTM model can make accurate predictions with minimal error, and this Deep learning model may be a useful tool for short-term forecasting demand. This finding serves as a baseline for future research in this field of study and power system planning.
{"title":"Time series forecasting of electrical energy consumption using deep learning algorithm","authors":"E. O. Edoka, V. K. Abanihi, H. E. Amhenrior, E. M. J. Evbogbai, L. O. Bello, V. Oisamoje","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1424","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption forecasting is an operation of predicting the future energy consumption of electrical systems using previous or historical data. The Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) Model; a deep learning model was used in this project to analyze the Short-term consumption forecast performance. This was carried out by using an energy consumption dataset obtained from the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) Benin City regional 132/33KV transmission station. The dataset were daily load readings recorded in the half-hourly format from August to December 2021. The model was used to demonstrate the feasibility of generating an accurate short-term load forecast for the case study despite the peculiarity and insufficiency of the energy consumption readings. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are the statistical evaluation metrics used. The approach produces exceptional levels of accuracy, with MAPE of 0.010 and RMSE of 19.759 for a 100 time-step. The findings imply that the LSTM model can make accurate predictions with minimal error, and this Deep learning model may be a useful tool for short-term forecasting demand. This finding serves as a baseline for future research in this field of study and power system planning.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Olaniran, A. A. Adediran, A.A. Akinwande, O.S. Adesina, O.A. Mosadomi
In this study, copper (Cu) particles were used as a replacement for ceramic particles in an AlSi10Mg matrix to lessen the brittleness often associated with ceramic particles when used as fillers in aluminum matrix. AlSi10Mg was combined with 0, 2, 4, and 6% Cu, and microwave sintering was performed at 300, 450, and 600 °C. The composites produced were subjected to physical tests (porosity, density, shrinkage, and relative density), tensile tests (yield and ultimate strength, elastic modulus, and elongation), and microstructure test. Cu particles were observed to be dispersed at 2% and 4% sintering temperatures and clustered at 6% sintering temperatures, according to the microstructural images. The incorporation of 2% and 4% Cu decreased porosity, leading to increased yield, ultimate tensile strength, and elastic modulus respectively. It was noted that 6% Cu addition resulted in strength reduction owing to particle clusters. Sintering temperatures between 300 and 450 ℃ were favorable for all property investigated; nevertheless, temperatures above 600 °C were detrimental to property responses. The proposed process map revealed diverse response values for varying input combination parameters; hence, a Cu dosage of 4% at a sintering temperature of ≤ 450 °C is recommended.
{"title":"Physio-mechanical assessment and process mapping of AlSi10mg/Cu material for automobile application","authors":"O. Olaniran, A. A. Adediran, A.A. Akinwande, O.S. Adesina, O.A. Mosadomi","doi":"10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i3.1492","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, copper (Cu) particles were used as a replacement for ceramic particles in an AlSi10Mg matrix to lessen the brittleness often associated with ceramic particles when used as fillers in aluminum matrix. AlSi10Mg was combined with 0, 2, 4, and 6% Cu, and microwave sintering was performed at 300, 450, and 600 °C. The composites produced were subjected to physical tests (porosity, density, shrinkage, and relative density), tensile tests (yield and ultimate strength, elastic modulus, and elongation), and microstructure test. Cu particles were observed to be dispersed at 2% and 4% sintering temperatures and clustered at 6% sintering temperatures, according to the microstructural images. The incorporation of 2% and 4% Cu decreased porosity, leading to increased yield, ultimate tensile strength, and elastic modulus respectively. It was noted that 6% Cu addition resulted in strength reduction owing to particle clusters. Sintering temperatures between 300 and 450 ℃ were favorable for all property investigated; nevertheless, temperatures above 600 °C were detrimental to property responses. The proposed process map revealed diverse response values for varying input combination parameters; hence, a Cu dosage of 4% at a sintering temperature of ≤ 450 °C is recommended.","PeriodicalId":31273,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Technological Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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