Background: Early recognition of phallic size abnormalities is essential to identify underlying endocrine and genetic disorders. Parents are concerned regarding their son’s penis length, especially obese and short-stature boys. This study aimed to investigate the factors of penile length in prepubertal boys aged 9-11 in Surabaya.Methods: A cross-sectional analytic observational study was conducted between October and November 2021 during the community services program of the Andrology Study Program, Universitas Airlangga. One hundred forty-eight healthy boys aged 9-11 years were enrolled in this study. Penile parameters and anthropometric measures were recorded. Data were analyzed with Spearman Rho’s formula to correlate the variables studied.Results: The average penile lengths and penile circumference of the penis were 6.3±1.4 and 5.2±1.0 cm, respectively. This study found two boys with micropenis (1.35%) with normal and overweight body mass index (BMI). The penile length was positively correlated with height but not with BMI.Conclusion: Androgen and growth hormones significantly influence penile length. Children with abnormal BMI tend to have smaller penile sizes, associated with increasing androgen aromatization.
{"title":"Penile Length of Prepubertal Children in Surabaya","authors":"Okta Margarita Susiana, Tri Hartini Yuliawati, Bambang Purwanto, Andri Rezano, Reny I’tshom","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.3094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.3094","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early recognition of phallic size abnormalities is essential to identify underlying endocrine and genetic disorders. Parents are concerned regarding their son’s penis length, especially obese and short-stature boys. This study aimed to investigate the factors of penile length in prepubertal boys aged 9-11 in Surabaya.Methods: A cross-sectional analytic observational study was conducted between October and November 2021 during the community services program of the Andrology Study Program, Universitas Airlangga. One hundred forty-eight healthy boys aged 9-11 years were enrolled in this study. Penile parameters and anthropometric measures were recorded. Data were analyzed with Spearman Rho’s formula to correlate the variables studied.Results: The average penile lengths and penile circumference of the penis were 6.3±1.4 and 5.2±1.0 cm, respectively. This study found two boys with micropenis (1.35%) with normal and overweight body mass index (BMI). The penile length was positively correlated with height but not with BMI.Conclusion: Androgen and growth hormones significantly influence penile length. Children with abnormal BMI tend to have smaller penile sizes, associated with increasing androgen aromatization.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz, Sofie Rifayani Krisnadi, Budi Handono, Budi Setiabudiawan
Background: Preterm labor is one of the universal causes of perinatal mortality worldwide. One of the causes of preterm labor is uterine muscle integrity problems. Some mechanistic studies show insight into vitamin D activity’s possible role in the injured muscle. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin D can increase muscle cell viability.Methods: This experimental research used human smooth muscle uterine myometrium cell line PHM1-41. The cells were cultured for 24 hours in hypoxia condition, then incubated with several doses of vitamin D. The PHM1-41 cell viability was measured using spectrophotometry.Results: The result showed that the minimum level of muscle cell viability after vitamin D incubation was with 300nM administration, and the maximum level was after 10nM (88.57%+4.48 and 96.21%+2.13 respectively).Conclusions: Vitamin D at a specific dose could improve cell availability. The optimal dose to improve cell viability was 10nM.
{"title":"Pregnant Human Myometrial 1-41 Cell Viability Test on Vitamin D Administration","authors":"Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz, Sofie Rifayani Krisnadi, Budi Handono, Budi Setiabudiawan","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.2750","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm labor is one of the universal causes of perinatal mortality worldwide. One of the causes of preterm labor is uterine muscle integrity problems. Some mechanistic studies show insight into vitamin D activity’s possible role in the injured muscle. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin D can increase muscle cell viability.Methods: This experimental research used human smooth muscle uterine myometrium cell line PHM1-41. The cells were cultured for 24 hours in hypoxia condition, then incubated with several doses of vitamin D. The PHM1-41 cell viability was measured using spectrophotometry.Results: The result showed that the minimum level of muscle cell viability after vitamin D incubation was with 300nM administration, and the maximum level was after 10nM (88.57%+4.48 and 96.21%+2.13 respectively).Conclusions: Vitamin D at a specific dose could improve cell availability. The optimal dose to improve cell viability was 10nM.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imam Megantara, Azmi Raffi Muhtado, Gita Widya Pradini, Hanna Goenawan, Nova Sylviana
Background: One of the main problems of the Citarum River is the contamination of E. coli due to livestock activities, washing toilets, and industry. In addition, irrational use of antibiotics in the community and livestock can increase E. coli resistant strains to antibiotics. This study aimed to identify the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli strains in Citarum river clusters, namely industrial, livestock, and residential clusters.Methods: This was a descriptive study. A sample of 100 mL surface water from each Citarum cluster. Culture, antibiotic sensitivity test, and PCR to identify blaCTX-M-15 gene carriers of ESBL E. coli were carried out in the sample.Results: There were 37 isolates of E. coli, with 24% of these isolates showing MDR properties, which can be found in industrial, livestock, and residential clusters at 13%, 8%, and 3% respectively. The most E. coli-resistant antibiotics found in these samples were ampicillin (45%), followed by tetracycline (37%), and azithromycin (29%). The PCR examination did not find the blaCTX-M-15 gene carrying ESBL properties in all three Citarum river clusters.Conclusion: The presence of E. coli isolates in each Citarum river cluster suggests the occurrence of river pollution due to animal, human or industrial waste. Therefore, it is necessary to make better government regulations regarding sanitation and education for the surrounding community regarding the importance of keeping the river clean.
{"title":"Presence of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli in the Citarum River located in Greater Bandung Area, Indonesia","authors":"Imam Megantara, Azmi Raffi Muhtado, Gita Widya Pradini, Hanna Goenawan, Nova Sylviana","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.2765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.2765","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the main problems of the Citarum River is the contamination of E. coli due to livestock activities, washing toilets, and industry. In addition, irrational use of antibiotics in the community and livestock can increase E. coli resistant strains to antibiotics. This study aimed to identify the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli strains in Citarum river clusters, namely industrial, livestock, and residential clusters.Methods: This was a descriptive study. A sample of 100 mL surface water from each Citarum cluster. Culture, antibiotic sensitivity test, and PCR to identify blaCTX-M-15 gene carriers of ESBL E. coli were carried out in the sample.Results: There were 37 isolates of E. coli, with 24% of these isolates showing MDR properties, which can be found in industrial, livestock, and residential clusters at 13%, 8%, and 3% respectively. The most E. coli-resistant antibiotics found in these samples were ampicillin (45%), followed by tetracycline (37%), and azithromycin (29%). The PCR examination did not find the blaCTX-M-15 gene carrying ESBL properties in all three Citarum river clusters.Conclusion: The presence of E. coli isolates in each Citarum river cluster suggests the occurrence of river pollution due to animal, human or industrial waste. Therefore, it is necessary to make better government regulations regarding sanitation and education for the surrounding community regarding the importance of keeping the river clean.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gracekeren Evalasdhy Masan, Ardini S. Raksanagara, Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawam
Background: Cigarettes, both traditional and electronic, are widely used. In 2018, 9.1% of Indonesians smoked, up from 8.8% in 2016. In several nations, including Indonesia, e-cigarette use are increasing. As a result, regulation to minimize the use of e-cigarettes must be implemented. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of e-cigarette users in the Indonesian vaper community.Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional method. conducted from September to December 2021. Questionnaires were distributed via social media to 42 randomly selected vaper communities. The minimum sample size was 247 respondents. The analysis used Univariate.Results: A total of 247 e-cigarette users participated in this study, most of them 17-24 years old (78%), mostly male (62.7%), and 61.5% respondents were high school graduates/equivalent. A total of 65.2% had a monthly income of fewer than 3 million rupiahs, 47.0% of respondents had poor knowledge scores, and 53.0% had positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes. Half of the respondents are long-time users of e-cigarettes and only use e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes were used irregularly/occasionally. The average number of puffs/days was 50-99 puffs/day. Half of the respondents wanted to quit smoking.Conclusions: Knowledge of e-cigarettes is good, and attitudes that show approval of the use of e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes are used irregularly/sometimes. The campaign that e-cigarettes are not a substitute for regular cigarettes and awareness regarding the potential danger of e-cigarettes needs to be increased. Government regulation regarding the control of e-cigarettes needs to be considered because underage children are already using them.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior in E-Cigar Users Community in Indonesia","authors":"Gracekeren Evalasdhy Masan, Ardini S. Raksanagara, Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawam","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.2731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.2731","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cigarettes, both traditional and electronic, are widely used. In 2018, 9.1% of Indonesians smoked, up from 8.8% in 2016. In several nations, including Indonesia, e-cigarette use are increasing. As a result, regulation to minimize the use of e-cigarettes must be implemented. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of e-cigarette users in the Indonesian vaper community.Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional method. conducted from September to December 2021. Questionnaires were distributed via social media to 42 randomly selected vaper communities. The minimum sample size was 247 respondents. The analysis used Univariate.Results: A total of 247 e-cigarette users participated in this study, most of them 17-24 years old (78%), mostly male (62.7%), and 61.5% respondents were high school graduates/equivalent. A total of 65.2% had a monthly income of fewer than 3 million rupiahs, 47.0% of respondents had poor knowledge scores, and 53.0% had positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes. Half of the respondents are long-time users of e-cigarettes and only use e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes were used irregularly/occasionally. The average number of puffs/days was 50-99 puffs/day. Half of the respondents wanted to quit smoking.Conclusions: Knowledge of e-cigarettes is good, and attitudes that show approval of the use of e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes are used irregularly/sometimes. The campaign that e-cigarettes are not a substitute for regular cigarettes and awareness regarding the potential danger of e-cigarettes needs to be increased. Government regulation regarding the control of e-cigarettes needs to be considered because underage children are already using them.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese has been considered a risk factor for male infertility. Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (GMPE) is known to have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GMPE therapy on reproductive function in obese T2DM rats by examining testosterone level, testicular histopathological features, and hs-CRP level.Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated with a standard diet (NC), high-fat diet (HFD) with GMPE 200 mg/kgBW (obese GMPE control/OGC200), HFD with 45 mg/kgBW STZ-NA (obese-diabetic control/ODC), obese-diabetic rats with GMPE 100 (DG100); 200 (DG200); and 400 mg/kgBW (DG400). STZ-NA was administered after 8 weeks of HFD treatment and followed by GMPE for 8 weeks after T2DM was confirmed. The level of hs-CRP and testosterone were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Testicular histopathological examination was measured after 8 weeks of treatment by using Modified Jonhson Score (MJS) with HE staining.Results: ODC rats significantly showed increased hs-CRP level compared to NC (8.76±0.27 vs 0.30±0.07 ng/mL, P<0.001) and reduced testosterone level and MJS compared to NC (73.69±2.22 vs170.14±1.34 ng/dL, 4.57±0.93 vs 9.87±0.16 MJS, respectively, P<0.001). Testosterone and hs-CRP levels showed a negative and significant correlation (r=-0.974 and P<0.001). On the treatment group, GMPE significantly reduced hs-CRP and increased testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: GMPE effectively protects reproductive function in obese DM rats by increasing testosterone levels and advanced spermatogenesis, as well as decreasing hs-CRP level.
背景:2型糖尿病(T2DM)在肥胖中被认为是男性不育的危险因素。众所周知，山竹石榴果皮提取物(GMPE)具有抗高血糖、抗糖尿病和抗炎作用。本研究旨在通过检测睾丸激素水平、睾丸组织病理学特征和hs-CRP水平，评估GMPE治疗对肥胖T2DM大鼠生殖功能的影响。方法:36只2 ~ 3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组，分别饲喂标准饲料(NC)、高脂饲料(HFD)加GMPE 200 mg/kgBW(肥胖GMPE对照/OGC200)、高脂饲料(HFD)加STZ-NA 45 mg/kgBW(肥胖-糖尿病对照/ODC)、肥胖-糖尿病大鼠加GMPE 100 (DG100);200 (DG200);400 mg/kgBW (DG400)。HFD治疗8周后给予STZ-NA，确诊T2DM后给予GMPE治疗8周。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中hs-CRP和睾酮水平。治疗8周后，采用改良约翰逊评分法(Modified johnson Score, MJS)检测睾丸组织病理学。结果:ODC大鼠hs-CRP水平显著高于NC(8.76±0.27 vs 0.30±0.07 ng/mL, P<0.001)，睾酮水平和MJS水平显著低于NC(分别为73.69±2.22 vs170.14±1.34 ng/dL, 4.57±0.93 vs 9.87±0.16 MJS, P<0.001)。睾酮与hs-CRP水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.974, P<0.001)。在治疗组，GMPE以剂量依赖的方式显著降低hs-CRP并增加睾酮水平。结论:GMPE通过提高肥胖DM大鼠睾酮水平、促进精子发生、降低hs-CRP水平，有效保护肥胖DM大鼠生殖功能。
{"title":"Garcinia Mangostana Pericarp Extract Protection on Reproductive Function of Obese-Diabetic Rats Model","authors":"Yora Nindita, Vega Karlowee, Irfan Kesumayadi, Hermawan Istiadi, Muflihatul Muniroh","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.2905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.2905","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese has been considered a risk factor for male infertility. Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (GMPE) is known to have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GMPE therapy on reproductive function in obese T2DM rats by examining testosterone level, testicular histopathological features, and hs-CRP level.Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated with a standard diet (NC), high-fat diet (HFD) with GMPE 200 mg/kgBW (obese GMPE control/OGC200), HFD with 45 mg/kgBW STZ-NA (obese-diabetic control/ODC), obese-diabetic rats with GMPE 100 (DG100); 200 (DG200); and 400 mg/kgBW (DG400). STZ-NA was administered after 8 weeks of HFD treatment and followed by GMPE for 8 weeks after T2DM was confirmed. The level of hs-CRP and testosterone were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Testicular histopathological examination was measured after 8 weeks of treatment by using Modified Jonhson Score (MJS) with HE staining.Results: ODC rats significantly showed increased hs-CRP level compared to NC (8.76±0.27 vs 0.30±0.07 ng/mL, P<0.001) and reduced testosterone level and MJS compared to NC (73.69±2.22 vs170.14±1.34 ng/dL, 4.57±0.93 vs 9.87±0.16 MJS, respectively, P<0.001). Testosterone and hs-CRP levels showed a negative and significant correlation (r=-0.974 and P<0.001). On the treatment group, GMPE significantly reduced hs-CRP and increased testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: GMPE effectively protects reproductive function in obese DM rats by increasing testosterone levels and advanced spermatogenesis, as well as decreasing hs-CRP level.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rima Rinanty, Leni Lismayanti, Raja Iqbal Mulya Harahap
Background: The quality of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in a clinical setting depends on thawing time. Thawing using a water bath is often used in blood transfusion units because it is easy to perform, affordable, and easy to look for. Protective plastics (Ziplock and non-Ziplock) are used to reduce the risk of contamination,. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in thawing time between FFP using Ziplock plastic and non-Ziplock plastic.Method: This experimental design was conducted in the Blood Bank Unit of Hasan Sadikin Hospital from June-August 2021. Samples were divided into two groups, namely thawing using Ziplock and non-Ziplock. Each group consisted of volume 160-200 ml and 201-240 ml.Results: The total samples were 24 FFP bags. In the group of the bag 160-200 ml, the median thawing time using Ziplock plastic was 8 minutes (8-16 minutes), non-Ziplock was 15 minutes (8-16 minutes) (p value 0,111), whereas in a group of bags with volume 201-240 ml, the median thawing time using Ziplock was 15 minutes (8-28 minutes), non-Ziplock was 20 minutes (14-30 minutes) (p- value 0,332). Although there was a time difference in both groups, the difference was non-significant.Conclusion: The thawing time between the small bag with a volume of 160-200 ml and the larger volume of 201-240 ml shows no difference. Ziplock plastic can be used to reduce the risk of contamination.
{"title":"Thawing Time Difference between Fresh Frozen Plasma Using Ziplock Plastic and non-Ziplock Plastic in Blood Transfusion Unit Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia","authors":"Rima Rinanty, Leni Lismayanti, Raja Iqbal Mulya Harahap","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.2795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.2795","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The quality of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in a clinical setting depends on thawing time. Thawing using a water bath is often used in blood transfusion units because it is easy to perform, affordable, and easy to look for. Protective plastics (Ziplock and non-Ziplock) are used to reduce the risk of contamination,. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in thawing time between FFP using Ziplock plastic and non-Ziplock plastic.Method: This experimental design was conducted in the Blood Bank Unit of Hasan Sadikin Hospital from June-August 2021. Samples were divided into two groups, namely thawing using Ziplock and non-Ziplock. Each group consisted of volume 160-200 ml and 201-240 ml.Results: The total samples were 24 FFP bags. In the group of the bag 160-200 ml, the median thawing time using Ziplock plastic was 8 minutes (8-16 minutes), non-Ziplock was 15 minutes (8-16 minutes) (p value 0,111), whereas in a group of bags with volume 201-240 ml, the median thawing time using Ziplock was 15 minutes (8-28 minutes), non-Ziplock was 20 minutes (14-30 minutes) (p- value 0,332). Although there was a time difference in both groups, the difference was non-significant.Conclusion: The thawing time between the small bag with a volume of 160-200 ml and the larger volume of 201-240 ml shows no difference. Ziplock plastic can be used to reduce the risk of contamination.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) parameter has been widely used in estimating the severity of COVID-19. In contrast, investigating the role of the Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) in determining the COVID-19 severity is prospective. This study aimed to investigate the potential of PNI and SII parameters to distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 209 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Data were collected from August 2021 to February 2022 in Indonesia's general COVID-19 referral hospital. Demographic and laboratory data, including PNI and SII, were analyzed and compared between the severe and non-severe symptoms of COVID-19 patients. The statistical analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) was conducted to predict the potential of these parameters in distinguishing the COVID-19 severity. Results: More than half of this study's patients (54.55%) were non-severe COVID-19. The SII values in patients with severe symptoms were significantly higher than in those with non-severe symptoms (2445.24 vs. 1423.28, p=0.005). In contrast, the PNI value in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms was significantly lower than those with non-severe symptoms (38.04 vs. 33.93, p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) value of PNI was 0.694, while the SII was 0.635. The optimum cut-off for the PNI was <35,407, while the SII was >2212,787. PNI and SII were the potential new diagnostic parameters for COVID-19 severity. Conclusion: PNI and SII parameters can potentially distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19.
背景:预后营养指数(PNI)参数已被广泛用于评估COVID-19的严重程度。相比之下，研究全身免疫炎症指数(SII)在确定COVID-19严重程度中的作用具有前瞻性。本研究旨在探讨PNI和SII参数在区分COVID-19症状严重程度方面的潜力。方法:对209例新冠肺炎住院患者进行回顾性观察研究。数据于2021年8月至2022年2月在印度尼西亚的COVID-19综合转诊医院收集。分析和比较COVID-19患者重症和非重症症状的人口学和实验室数据，包括PNI和SII。对受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)和曲线下面积(AUC)进行统计分析，预测这些参数在区分COVID-19严重程度方面的潜力。结果:超过一半(54.55%)的患者为非重症COVID-19。重度症状组SII值明显高于非重度症状组(2445.24 vs 1423.28, p=0.005)。相比之下，症状严重的患者的PNI值明显低于症状不严重的患者(38.04 vs. 33.93, p<0.001)。PNI曲线下面积(AUC)为0.694,SII为0.635。PNI的最佳截止值为35407，而SII的最佳截止值为2212787。PNI和SII是COVID-19严重程度的潜在新诊断参数。结论:PNI和SII参数可以潜在地区分COVID-19症状的严重程度。
{"title":"Prognostic Nutritional Index and Systemic Immune-inflammation Index: Possible New Parameters for COVID-19 Severity","authors":"Suyoso Suyoso, Amaylia Oehadian, Alfreda Amelia Khotijah, Marthoenis Marthoenis","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.3061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.3061","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) parameter has been widely used in estimating the severity of COVID-19. In contrast, investigating the role of the Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) in determining the COVID-19 severity is prospective. This study aimed to investigate the potential of PNI and SII parameters to distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 209 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Data were collected from August 2021 to February 2022 in Indonesia's general COVID-19 referral hospital. Demographic and laboratory data, including PNI and SII, were analyzed and compared between the severe and non-severe symptoms of COVID-19 patients. The statistical analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) was conducted to predict the potential of these parameters in distinguishing the COVID-19 severity. Results: More than half of this study's patients (54.55%) were non-severe COVID-19. The SII values in patients with severe symptoms were significantly higher than in those with non-severe symptoms (2445.24 vs. 1423.28, p=0.005). In contrast, the PNI value in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms was significantly lower than those with non-severe symptoms (38.04 vs. 33.93, p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) value of PNI was 0.694, while the SII was 0.635. The optimum cut-off for the PNI was <35,407, while the SII was >2212,787. PNI and SII were the potential new diagnostic parameters for COVID-19 severity. Conclusion: PNI and SII parameters can potentially distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus a global emergency transmitted by droplets. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks can help lower the viral infection risk. However, prolonged use of PPE can cause skin lesions and aggravate acne. Acne that develops because of the usage of masks is called mask acne (maskne). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health workers regarding the use of face masks can help minimize the occurrence of maskne. This study aimed to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitude ,and practices of the use of face masks with mask acne among health workers in general hospitals in Mataram City, Indonesia.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic observational study involving health workers from type b and c general hospitals in the city of Mataram, specifically the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital and the Mataram University Hospital. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of using masks, then analyzed using Lambda test.Results: In total, 104 respondents were included, of whom 39.4% (n=41) had good knowledge, 35.6% (n=37) had a good attitude towards the use of masks, and 25.0% (n=26) had good practice. Interestingly, 42.3% (n=44) had experienced maskne. Lambda test showed that a relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the usage of masks and the incidence of maskne (p = 0.014; p = 0.000; p = 0.006).Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice of health workers regarding the usage of masks with the prevalence of mask acne at the general hospitals type b and c in the Mataram City. This study implies is that health workers can prevent the occurrence of mask acne, which can make the work of health workers more difficult.
{"title":"Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the Use of Face Mask with Acne among Health Workers at General Hospitals in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"Dinda Rifdayani, Dedianto Hidajat, Umu Istikharoh","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.2918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.2918","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus a global emergency transmitted by droplets. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks can help lower the viral infection risk. However, prolonged use of PPE can cause skin lesions and aggravate acne. Acne that develops because of the usage of masks is called mask acne (maskne). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health workers regarding the use of face masks can help minimize the occurrence of maskne. This study aimed to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitude ,and practices of the use of face masks with mask acne among health workers in general hospitals in Mataram City, Indonesia.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic observational study involving health workers from type b and c general hospitals in the city of Mataram, specifically the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital and the Mataram University Hospital. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of using masks, then analyzed using Lambda test.Results: In total, 104 respondents were included, of whom 39.4% (n=41) had good knowledge, 35.6% (n=37) had a good attitude towards the use of masks, and 25.0% (n=26) had good practice. Interestingly, 42.3% (n=44) had experienced maskne. Lambda test showed that a relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the usage of masks and the incidence of maskne (p = 0.014; p = 0.000; p = 0.006).Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice of health workers regarding the usage of masks with the prevalence of mask acne at the general hospitals type b and c in the Mataram City. This study implies is that health workers can prevent the occurrence of mask acne, which can make the work of health workers more difficult.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Giardiasis is a protozoa infection caused by Giardia intestinalis, which commonly infects children, impairing children’s growth, development, and cognitive function. Standard diagnosis is carried out by microscopic examination of stool. This study aimed to evaluate coproantigen examination in stunted children compared to microscopic examination.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on stools collected from a survey among stunted children in Bandung in 2019. Stools were preserved in 10% formaldehyde and kept at -20oC until used. Direct microscopy examination with 2% lugol solution and coproantigen ELISA test using Giardia Cryptosporidium (combo test) coproantigen test kit were performed in Parasitology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.Result: A total of 99 stools originated from stunted children aged 2-6 years. with boys predominant (52.5%). Microscopic examination showed that 12.1% (12/99) of the children were harboring intestinal parasites, such as the protozoa Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp, and Entamoeba coli (E. coli). Giardia was the primary infection (9.1%), of which single Giardia infection (n = 8) and mixed infection of Giardia and Blastocystis spp (n = 1). Interestingly, coproantigen examination resulted in 6 positive samples, and 4 samples agreed with the microscopy result. With a sensitivity of 44.4% and a specificity of 97.7%. The positive and negative predictive values were 66.7% and 94.7%, respectively.Conclusion: A moderate prevalence of Giardia in stunted children in Bandung regency has been observed. The combo coproantigen test method has high specificity and is suitable for use as a confirmation test to exclude Giardia infection.
{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Coproantigen for Detection of Giardia Infection in Stunted Children","authors":"Fanny Anggraeni Octoviani, Agnes Kurniawan, Ika Puspa Sari, Nisa Fauziah, Lia Faridah, Riyadi Adrizain","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n3.2860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n3.2860","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Giardiasis is a protozoa infection caused by Giardia intestinalis, which commonly infects children, impairing children’s growth, development, and cognitive function. Standard diagnosis is carried out by microscopic examination of stool. This study aimed to evaluate coproantigen examination in stunted children compared to microscopic examination.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on stools collected from a survey among stunted children in Bandung in 2019. Stools were preserved in 10% formaldehyde and kept at -20oC until used. Direct microscopy examination with 2% lugol solution and coproantigen ELISA test using Giardia Cryptosporidium (combo test) coproantigen test kit were performed in Parasitology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.Result: A total of 99 stools originated from stunted children aged 2-6 years. with boys predominant (52.5%). Microscopic examination showed that 12.1% (12/99) of the children were harboring intestinal parasites, such as the protozoa Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp, and Entamoeba coli (E. coli). Giardia was the primary infection (9.1%), of which single Giardia infection (n = 8) and mixed infection of Giardia and Blastocystis spp (n = 1). Interestingly, coproantigen examination resulted in 6 positive samples, and 4 samples agreed with the microscopy result. With a sensitivity of 44.4% and a specificity of 97.7%. The positive and negative predictive values were 66.7% and 94.7%, respectively.Conclusion: A moderate prevalence of Giardia in stunted children in Bandung regency has been observed. The combo coproantigen test method has high specificity and is suitable for use as a confirmation test to exclude Giardia infection.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wulan Mayasari, Cindy Saskia Alsadila, Fifi Veronica
Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that surged throughout the world in 2019 and engulfed Indonesia in 2020 had changed many aspects of people’s activities, significantly when altering the offline anatomy laboratories to online. This study aimed to determine the perspective of medical students in Bandung regarding the learning process in online and offline anatomy laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This descriptive study had used modified questionnaires in previous research with a Likert scale. The respondents were 184 students from the 2018 or 2019 class of the Faculty of Medicine in Bandung, who participated in both online and offline anatomy laboratory learning methods. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The data were presented in a frequency table and calculated by SPSS. Results: Regarding ‘material understanding’, most students (57.0%) disagreed that online anatomy laboratory activities were better than offline. In terms of ‘facilities and infrastructure’, 38.0% of students disagreed that online anatomy laboratory learning facilities were more adequate than offline. On the aspect of ‘teacher's perception’, most students agreed (39.0%) that teacher’s performance was better in online anatomy laboratory activities.Conclusion: This study shows that medical students prefer to combine online and offline anatomy laboratory activities.
{"title":"Perceptions of Medical Students in Bandung towards Online and Offline Learning in the Anatomy Laboratory during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Wulan Mayasari, Cindy Saskia Alsadila, Fifi Veronica","doi":"10.15850/amj.v10n2.2705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n2.2705","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that surged throughout the world in 2019 and engulfed Indonesia in 2020 had changed many aspects of people’s activities, significantly when altering the offline anatomy laboratories to online. This study aimed to determine the perspective of medical students in Bandung regarding the learning process in online and offline anatomy laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This descriptive study had used modified questionnaires in previous research with a Likert scale. The respondents were 184 students from the 2018 or 2019 class of the Faculty of Medicine in Bandung, who participated in both online and offline anatomy laboratory learning methods. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The data were presented in a frequency table and calculated by SPSS. Results: Regarding ‘material understanding’, most students (57.0%) disagreed that online anatomy laboratory activities were better than offline. In terms of ‘facilities and infrastructure’, 38.0% of students disagreed that online anatomy laboratory learning facilities were more adequate than offline. On the aspect of ‘teacher's perception’, most students agreed (39.0%) that teacher’s performance was better in online anatomy laboratory activities.Conclusion: This study shows that medical students prefer to combine online and offline anatomy laboratory activities.","PeriodicalId":31310,"journal":{"name":"Althea Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45847519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：