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Evaluating Sustainability: a Need for Standards 评估可持续性:对标准的需求
Pub Date : 2008-06-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V2I1.23
Güler Aras, D. Crowther
Sustainability is one of the most used words in relation to business activity and reporting atpresent, but its meaning is vague. We argue that its use is based upon the concepts of stewardshipand of the firm as going concerned, coupled with the traditional view of the transformationalprocess of a business. We further argue that this is problematic in the present global environmentwhen stewardship of resources is becoming paramount. We therefore argue that sustainabilityis actually based upon efficiency in the transformational process and equity in thedistribution of effects. We therefore argue for the need for standards in analysing and measuringsustainability and outline a more complete model which recognises distributional implications,and is developed into a model of operationalisability.   Copyright © www.iiste.org
可持续性是目前与商业活动和报告相关的最常用词汇之一,但其含义是模糊的。我们认为,它的使用是基于管理和公司经营的概念,再加上企业转型过程的传统观点。我们进一步认为,在目前的全球环境中,当资源管理变得至关重要时,这是有问题的。因此,我们认为可持续性实际上是基于转型过程的效率和效应分配的公平。因此,我们认为有必要制定分析和衡量可持续性的标准,并勾勒出一个更完整的模型,该模型认识到分布的影响,并发展成为可操作性的模型。 Â版权所有©www.iiste.org
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引用次数: 35
Social and Environmental Accounting and Reporting: From Ridicule to Revolution? From Hope to Hubris? - A Personal Review of the Field 社会与环境会计与报告:从嘲笑到革命?从希望到傲慢?-对该领域的个人评论
Pub Date : 2008-06-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V2I1.22
R. Gray
The objective of this essay is to provide a coherent overview of author’s research and scholarshipover the last two decades or so. As such it is a compromise between a revisionist history,an auto-critique and a review essay. This compromise arises, primarily, for two reasons. First,the work I have undertaken in developing social accounting has often been ad hoc and pragmatic;it certainly has not followed a carefully crafted master plan or research design. Secondly,the work is heavily context dependent. Issues such as personal history, changing attitudesin politics, business and the profession, the development of the author’s understandingsand, interaction with colleagues have all had major influence on the research. Some of the workmay only make sense when seen in those contexts.  Copyright © www.iiste.org
这篇文章的目的是提供一个连贯的概述作者的研究和学术力量在过去的二十年左右。因此,它是一篇修正主义的历史,一篇自动评论和一篇评论文章之间的妥协。这种妥协主要有两个原因。首先,我在发展社会会计方面所做的工作往往是临时的和务实的;它当然没有遵循精心设计的总体规划或研究设计。其次,这项工作非常依赖上下文。个人经历、对政治、商业和职业态度的转变、作者理解的发展以及与同事的互动等问题都对研究产生了重大影响。有些作品可能只有在这种情况下才有意义。Â版权所有©www.iiste.org
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引用次数: 32
Research Note Sustainable Management: An Accounting Issue? 可持续管理:一个会计问题?
Pub Date : 2008-06-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V2I1.29
G. Svensson
There is an ongoing debate in the worldwide scholarly society regarding the causes of noted climate change on the planet Earth. It is a concern also frequently debated in the non-scholarly societies. Principally, it is about whether or not the causes of noted climate change are the result of natural or human-related factors. The objective of this research note is to raise the question whether sustainable management is an accounting issue. It intends to pinpoint the need to visualize sustainable aspects of management approaches.
关于地球上引人注目的气候变化的原因,全球学术界正在进行一场持续的辩论。在非学术团体中,这也是一个经常争论的问题。主要是关于引起气候变化的原因是自然因素还是人为因素的结果。本研究报告的目的是提出可持续管理是否是一个会计问题的问题。它打算明确指出需要将管理办法的可持续方面形象化。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Control System in Increasing Corporate Social Performance: The Use Of Levers of Control 控制系统在提高企业社会绩效中的作用:控制杠杆的使用
Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V2I1.28
Hasan Fauzi, Azhar A. Rahman
One important instrument to be used in the control system design is strategic behaviors that can lead to the expected organization performance.Referring to the extended definition of strategic behavior using stakeholder-based strategic behavior, corporate social performance is kind of strategic behavior to be influenced by using control system. This paper discusses how control system, using Simons’ levers of control can play important role in increasing the corporate social performance. The interaction between control system, including belief system, boundary system, diagnostic control system, and interactive control system, as well as the corporate financial performance (CFP) can affect the corporate social performance (CSP) due to fact that increase in CFP resulting from the appropriate use of control system components enables the company has more chance to do the CSP. The levers of control are deemed to form an integral part of employee socialization and support the development of an organization’s culture, the system of shared beliefs, values, norms, and mores of organizational members which are deemed to be a primary determinant of the direction of employee behavior.
在控制系统设计中使用的一个重要工具是能够导致预期组织绩效的战略行为。参照以利益相关者为基础的战略行为对战略行为的扩展定义,企业社会绩效是一种受控制系统影响的战略行为。本文探讨了控制系统如何利用西蒙斯的控制杠杆在提高企业社会绩效中发挥重要作用。控制系统(包括信念系统、边界系统、诊断控制系统、交互控制系统)与企业财务绩效(CFP)之间的相互作用会影响企业社会绩效(CSP),因为控制系统组件的适当使用导致的CFP的增加使公司有更多的机会去做CSP。控制杠杆被认为是员工社会化的一个组成部分,并支持组织文化的发展,组织成员的共同信仰、价值观、规范和道德规范的体系被认为是员工行为方向的主要决定因素。
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引用次数: 6
A Communitarian Approach to Constructing Accountability and Strategies for Sustainable Development 构建问责制和可持续发展战略的社群主义方法
Pub Date : 2007-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V1I2.15
M. Arunachalam, S. Lawrence, M. Kelly, J. Locke
This paper explores some ideas for expanding the scope of corporate accountability and therebycontemporary practices in corporate social reporting (CSR). Contemporary CSR practices havebeen criticized for acting as a legitimizing device for profit-seeking entities possibly at the expenseof the community. A communitarian correction to CSR practices suggests that accountabilityto the community is necessary for any accounting aimed at sustainability. The interpretivemethodology adopted in this study starts with a set of ideas or “pre-understandings” drawnfrom extant literature on accountability and communitarian philosophy. These ideas provide atheoretical lens for examining and understanding the participation of the Taupo business, farmingand general community in formulating strategies for sustainable development.of the TaupoDistrict in New Zealand. Alternating between our pre-understanding and the empirical data, aprocess known as “fusion of horizons” (Gadamer, 1975) in philosophical hermeneutics, is ameans by which theories can be developed.. This interpretive study indicates that meaning ofaccountability can be extended beyond a narrow conventional sense portraying accountabilityas a process of providing an account. Accountability also involves other dimensions such asmoral responsibility, cooperative enquiry, information sharing, transparency and joint responsibility.From a communitarian perspective these dimensions of accountability emphasise thecentrality of community and communal values. Accountability for environmental and socialissues extends beyond the domain of corporations, and involves community participation. Copyright © www.iiste.org
本文探讨了扩大企业责任范围的一些想法,从而探讨了企业社会报告(CSR)的当代实践。当代企业社会责任实践被批评为以牺牲社区利益为代价,为追求利润的实体提供合法手段。社会主义对企业社会责任实践的纠正表明,对社区负责对于任何旨在可持续发展的会计都是必要的。本研究采用的解释方法始于一套思想或 - œpre-understandingsâ -”,这些思想来自于现有的关于问责制和社群主义哲学的文献。这些想法为检查和理解陶波族商业、农业和一般社区参与制定可持续发展战略提供了理论视角。在新西兰陶波区。在我们的预理解和经验数据之间交替,这一过程在哲学解释学中被称为 - œfusion of horizons -”(伽达默尔,1975),是理论得以发展的手段。这一解释性研究表明,问责制的含义可以扩展到将问责制描述为提供账户的过程的狭隘传统意义之外。问责制还涉及其他方面,如道德责任、合作调查、信息共享、透明度和共同责任。从社区主义的角度来看,这些问责的维度强调了社区和社区价值观的中心地位。对环境和社会问题的问责超出了公司的范畴,还涉及到社区的参与。Â版权所有©www.iiste.org
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引用次数: 4
Corporate Social Responsibility and UK Retailers 企业社会责任与英国零售商
Pub Date : 2007-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V1I2.16
P. Jones, M. Wynn, D. Comfort, D. Hillier
This paper offers a preliminary examination of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) commitments and agendas being addressed and reported by the UK‟s leading retailers. The paper begins with a short discussion of the characteristics and origins of CSR and of the current structure of retailing in the UK. This is followed by an illustrative examination of the CSR issues publicly reported by the UK‟s top ten country of origin retailers and the paper draws its empirical material from the CSR reports posted on the World Wide Web by these retailers. The findings reveal that the UK‟s top ten retailers are addressing and reporting on four sets of CSR themes namely those relating to the environment; the marketplace; the workplace and the community. The paper concludes with a discussion of a number of general issues relating to these themes.
本文提供了一个初步的检查企业社会责任(CSR)的承诺和议程正在解决和报告由英国领先的零售商。本文首先简要讨论了企业社会责任的特征和起源以及英国零售业的当前结构。接下来是对英国十大原产国零售商公开报告的企业社会责任问题的说明性审查,论文从这些零售商在万维网上发布的企业社会责任报告中提取了经验材料。调查结果显示,英国排名前十的零售商正在处理和报告四组CSR主题,即与环境有关的主题;市场;工作场所和社区。论文最后讨论了与这些主题有关的一些一般性问题。
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引用次数: 23
Supply Chain Information in Environmental Management Accounting – the case of a Vietnamese Coffee Exporter 环境管理会计中的供应链信息——以一家越南咖啡出口商为例
Pub Date : 2007-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V1I2.19
T. Viere, S. Schaltegger, J. V. Enden
This case study discusses Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) which are illustrated with the case example of Neumann Gruppe Vietnam Ltd., a medium-sized coffee refining and exporting enterprise in Southern Vietnam. It examines the relevance of environment-related supply chain information for corporate environmental and financial decision making and reveals possibilities for improving eco-efficiency at the site level and for its supply chain.
本案例研究讨论了环境管理会计(EMA),并以越南南部一家中型咖啡精炼和出口企业越南诺依曼集团有限公司的案例为例进行了说明。它考察了与环境有关的供应链信息对企业环境和财务决策的相关性,并揭示了在场地一级及其供应链提高生态效率的可能性。
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引用次数: 21
On The Effectiveness of Social and Environmental Accounting 论社会与环境会计的有效性
Pub Date : 2007-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V1I2.20
Marc Orlitzky, Glen Whelan
This paper presents the broad outline of an instrumental theory of social and environmentalaccounting (SEA) at two levels of analysis: organizational and societal. We argue that, giventhe impact of signaling and transaction costs as well as various other costs and benefits of SEA,the level of SEA should be set so that marginal costs of SEA equal marginal benefits (at thefirm level) or marginal costs of SEA to society equal marginal benefits to society (in line withthe tenets of social efficiency). In this context, we summarize the overall empirical evidenceregarding the financial benefits of social and environmental disclosures for the reporting organization.Moreover, because all organizational decision making is embedded in politicalgovernance systems, we also highlight the importance of these systems for SEA and concludewith three suggestions for future research. Copyright © www.iiste.org
本文提出了社会和环境会计(SEA)的工具理论的大致轮廓,在两个分析层面:组织和社会。我们认为,考虑到信号和交易成本以及其他各种成本和效益的影响,SEA的水平应该设定为SEA的边际成本等于边际效益(在企业层面)或SEA的边际成本等于社会的边际效益(符合社会效率的原则)。在此背景下,我们总结了报告组织关于社会和环境披露的经济效益的总体经验证据。此外,由于所有组织决策都嵌入在政治治理系统中,我们也强调了这些系统对SEA的重要性,并对未来的研究提出了三点建议。Â版权所有©www.iiste.org
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引用次数: 8
Towards an Ethical Framework Grounded in Everyday Business Life 建立基于日常商业生活的道德框架
Pub Date : 2007-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V1I2.14
G. Donleavy
Business is increasingly concerned to reconcile investor driven pressure to perform with state driven pressure to conform (to a cascade of new regulation). Ethics generally favors the latter at the expense of the former. The ethical frameworks developed in the last few years differ from their classical predecessors, however. Integrative Social Contract Theory begins with the business contract and moves out from there to the wider society. Care theory begins with the relationship between two individual persons and moves out from there. Both theories are skeptical of the Universalist claims of classical ethical and religious frameworks and both claim to be user friendly. This paper compares and contrasts the two theories and hopes to show how the ethical lacunae in ISCT can be fixed by Care Theory. How a business would operate under the sway of Care Theory is described. Fears that Care Theory cannot be applied to business without weakening competitive strength are addressed. The paper is offered as a step towards merging ISCT and Care Theory to evolve an ethical framework for business. It would be a framework that engages fully with business realities, especially competitive realities, but that is directly and clearly guided by classical ethical principles.
企业越来越关注如何调和投资者驱动的执行压力和国家驱动的遵守(一连串新规定)的压力。伦理通常以牺牲前者为代价而支持后者。然而,最近几年发展起来的伦理框架与它们的古典前辈不同。综合社会契约理论从商业契约开始,并从那里扩展到更广泛的社会。关怀理论从两个人之间的关系开始,并以此为出发点。这两种理论都对经典伦理和宗教框架的普遍主义主张持怀疑态度,并且都声称对用户友好。本文对这两种理论进行了比较和对比,并希望通过关怀理论来弥补ISCT的伦理缺陷。描述了在关怀理论的影响下,企业将如何运作。有人担心,如果不削弱竞争实力,就不能将关怀理论应用于企业。这篇论文是将ISCT和关怀理论结合起来,形成商业道德框架的一个步骤。这将是一个完全符合商业现实,尤其是竞争现实的框架,但它是由经典伦理原则直接和明确地指导的。
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引用次数: 2
The Opinions of European Companies on Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Relation to Innovation 欧洲企业对企业社会责任的看法及其与创新的关系
Pub Date : 2007-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V1I2.18
M. V. López-Pérez, C. Pérez-López, Lázaro Rodríguez‐Ariza
In recent years there has been greater concern among companies to include responsible practicesin their goals. To achieve this aim, companies are beginning to manage economic, socialand environmental factors following socially responsible practices. Adopting a strategy of CorporateSocial Responsibility (CSR) may influence the different policies implemented by thecompany, one of which is that regarding innovation. In this study, we analyze the opinions of95 European companies, 42 of which form part of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI)and 53 of which belong to the Dow Jones General Index (DJGI), concerning their CSR policy,the innovation carried out and the relation between the two concepts. Our results show that theDJSI companies, unlike those belonging to the DJGI, consider their CSR strategy to be a keyfactor in generating competitive advantages and profits. Moreover, the companies surveyedhave implemented innovations that are more incremental than radical, and these innovationpractices are found to be influenced by CSR strategies.
近年来,企业越来越关注将负责任的实践纳入其目标。为了实现这一目标,企业开始按照社会责任的做法管理经济、社会和环境因素。采用企业社会责任(CSR)战略可能会影响公司实施的不同政策,其中之一就是创新。在本研究中,我们分析了95家欧洲公司,其中42家是道琼斯可持续指数(DJSI)的一部分,53家是道琼斯综合指数(DJGI)的一部分,关于他们的企业社会责任政策,实施的创新以及这两个概念之间的关系的意见。我们的研究结果表明,与那些属于DJGI的公司不同,djsi公司认为他们的CSR战略是产生竞争优势和利润的关键因素。此外,被调查的公司实施的创新更多是渐进式的,而不是激进的,这些创新实践被发现受到企业社会责任战略的影响。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Issues in Social and Environmental Accounting
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