Conducting User Experience Design (UXD) research in the context of automated driving today is challenging due to the lack of availability of automated cars that are SAE level 3 or above. This Extended Abstract presents a novel methodological tool for rapid prototyping, as well as testing and evaluation of future automotive interface design ideas. The tool combines Virtual Reality (VR) and real-world driving videos in a flexible Unity3D environment to create a visually realistic and immersive experiences. Using portable VR headsets, these exploratory experiences can be safely created anywhere anytime with little overhead, as shown through this interactive demo. We provide insights of using this method in the context of two exploring two concepts that use novel windscreen technologies and AR applications for level 3 automated cars and above.
{"title":"A Low-Cost VR-Based Automated Driving Simulator for Rapid Automotive UI Prototyping","authors":"Ronald Schroeter, Michael A. Gerber","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3267418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3267418","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting User Experience Design (UXD) research in the context of automated driving today is challenging due to the lack of availability of automated cars that are SAE level 3 or above. This Extended Abstract presents a novel methodological tool for rapid prototyping, as well as testing and evaluation of future automotive interface design ideas. The tool combines Virtual Reality (VR) and real-world driving videos in a flexible Unity3D environment to create a visually realistic and immersive experiences. Using portable VR headsets, these exploratory experiences can be safely created anywhere anytime with little overhead, as shown through this interactive demo. We provide insights of using this method in the context of two exploring two concepts that use novel windscreen technologies and AR applications for level 3 automated cars and above.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121792297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. I. Ahmad, S. Godsill, Patrick Langdon, L. Skrypchuk
Predictive touch is an emerging HMI technology that can significantly improve the usability and performance of in-vehicle displays [1-4]. It relies on predicting, early in the pointing gesture, the interface item the driver or passenger intends to select on the display and simplifies the selection task. The user need not touch the display as the system can autonomously auto-select the predicted interface component. This video shows a prototype of a predictive touch system operating in real-time, in a laboratory and vehicle environment. It also depicts the prediction results as calculated by the system whilst pointing in a moving car.
{"title":"Predictive Touch: A Novel HMI Technology for Intelligent Displays in Automotive","authors":"B. I. Ahmad, S. Godsill, Patrick Langdon, L. Skrypchuk","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3267103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3267103","url":null,"abstract":"Predictive touch is an emerging HMI technology that can significantly improve the usability and performance of in-vehicle displays [1-4]. It relies on predicting, early in the pointing gesture, the interface item the driver or passenger intends to select on the display and simplifies the selection task. The user need not touch the display as the system can autonomously auto-select the predicted interface component. This video shows a prototype of a predictive touch system operating in real-time, in a laboratory and vehicle environment. It also depicts the prediction results as calculated by the system whilst pointing in a moving car.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116306083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methods and metrics for studying interactions between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity, such as pedestrians, cyclists and non-automated vehicles, are not established yet. This workshop focuses on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of various methodologies that could potentially be used to study such interactions. The objective lies in determining the proper experimental design, sensitivity of metrics for measuring user behavior, ecological validity, generalizability of findings, extraction of insights regarding how findings can be translated into actionable requirements, and the alternatives for conducting longitudinal field studies. It will be of an interactive nature and involve hands-on activities. The workshop will consolidate existing knowledge, identify recurring issues, and explore the path towards resolving these issues. The outcome will be compiled into a paper to share this valuable knowledge with a broader research community.
{"title":"Workshop on Methodology: Evaluating Interactions between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users---What Works in Practice?","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3239095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3239095","url":null,"abstract":"Methods and metrics for studying interactions between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity, such as pedestrians, cyclists and non-automated vehicles, are not established yet. This workshop focuses on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of various methodologies that could potentially be used to study such interactions. The objective lies in determining the proper experimental design, sensitivity of metrics for measuring user behavior, ecological validity, generalizability of findings, extraction of insights regarding how findings can be translated into actionable requirements, and the alternatives for conducting longitudinal field studies. It will be of an interactive nature and involve hands-on activities. The workshop will consolidate existing knowledge, identify recurring issues, and explore the path towards resolving these issues. The outcome will be compiled into a paper to share this valuable knowledge with a broader research community.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127468926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previously, the classical analog speedometer was the prevalent form of speed indication in cars. With the emergence of new, freely programmable, instrument clusters, its now possible to use any form of visualization to display driving speed. In a driving simulator study with n=17 subjects, we examined the impact of diverse speedometer variants on driving performance, gaze duration, and subjective ratings of user experience and workload. Initial results confirm diverse effects. The conventional speedometer resulted in the shortest eyes off-road times, but was rated worst with respect to UX (hedonic quality). The digital speedometer variant achieved polarizing results while the zoom speedometer performed very well in general. The bracket and linear versions of a speedometer were rated poor in most of the analyzed criteria compared to the alternatives.
{"title":"Evaluation of Driving Performance and User Experience of Different Types of Speedometer","authors":"Paul Kaufmann, A. Riener","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3265951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3265951","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, the classical analog speedometer was the prevalent form of speed indication in cars. With the emergence of new, freely programmable, instrument clusters, its now possible to use any form of visualization to display driving speed. In a driving simulator study with n=17 subjects, we examined the impact of diverse speedometer variants on driving performance, gaze duration, and subjective ratings of user experience and workload. Initial results confirm diverse effects. The conventional speedometer resulted in the shortest eyes off-road times, but was rated worst with respect to UX (hedonic quality). The digital speedometer variant achieved polarizing results while the zoom speedometer performed very well in general. The bracket and linear versions of a speedometer were rated poor in most of the analyzed criteria compared to the alternatives.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120916425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voice interaction provides a natural and efficient form of communication with our cars. Current vehicles require the driver to push a button or to utter an artificial keyword before they can use speech input. This limits the potential naturalness and efficiency of voice input. In human communication, we usually use eye contact to express our intention to communicate with others. We conducted a user study with 25 participants that investigated gaze as a means to activate speech input while being occupied with a primary task. Our results indicated a strong dependency on the task. For tasks that refer to information on the screen, gaze activation was superior to push-to-talk and keyword, but it was less valuable if the task had no relation to screen content. We conclude that gaze cannot replace other modes for activation, but it can boost efficiency and user experience for display related tasks.
{"title":"Just Look: The Benefits of Gaze-Activated Voice Input in the Car","authors":"F. Roider, Lars Reisig, Tom Gross","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3265968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3265968","url":null,"abstract":"Voice interaction provides a natural and efficient form of communication with our cars. Current vehicles require the driver to push a button or to utter an artificial keyword before they can use speech input. This limits the potential naturalness and efficiency of voice input. In human communication, we usually use eye contact to express our intention to communicate with others. We conducted a user study with 25 participants that investigated gaze as a means to activate speech input while being occupied with a primary task. Our results indicated a strong dependency on the task. For tasks that refer to information on the screen, gaze activation was superior to push-to-talk and keyword, but it was less valuable if the task had no relation to screen content. We conclude that gaze cannot replace other modes for activation, but it can boost efficiency and user experience for display related tasks.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126787276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Fröhlich, Alexandra Millonig, Anna-Katharina Frison, Sandra Trösterer, Matthias Baldauf
Mobility is transcending towards flexible sharing, combined transportation modes, increased vehicle automation and digital customer services. User experience and acceptance are highly important criteria for the success of such novel concepts, and consequently their human interface has to be designed with creativity and responsibility. This workshop addresses this need by providing a holistic frame for ideation and discussion of user interface concepts for public transport vehicles. The expected outcome of the workshop is a set of opportunities, design concepts and challenges. These could be the input for a research agenda for the field.
{"title":"User Interfaces for Public Transport Vehicles: Future Opportunities and Challenges","authors":"Peter Fröhlich, Alexandra Millonig, Anna-Katharina Frison, Sandra Trösterer, Matthias Baldauf","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3239101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3239101","url":null,"abstract":"Mobility is transcending towards flexible sharing, combined transportation modes, increased vehicle automation and digital customer services. User experience and acceptance are highly important criteria for the success of such novel concepts, and consequently their human interface has to be designed with creativity and responsibility. This workshop addresses this need by providing a holistic frame for ideation and discussion of user interface concepts for public transport vehicles. The expected outcome of the workshop is a set of opportunities, design concepts and challenges. These could be the input for a research agenda for the field.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122576677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Zhang, Te-Ping Kang, Sean Seaman, Linda Angell, Shan Bao
As a promising cognitive construct, situation awareness (SA) helps to assess operators' dynamic knowledge of the driving task in different contexts as well as to inspire driving assistance system design. This workshop will discuss SA in an automotive context, emphasizing the increasing challenges that are related to vehicle automation. We will begin with an understanding of SA and SA information needs. Next, we will explore how to apply SA concepts to the design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving (AD) user interfaces. Finally, we will discuss several useful SA measures, using exercises to demonstrate the value of some example measures.
{"title":"2nd Workshop on Situation Awareness in Automotive Evaluation & Design","authors":"Yu Zhang, Te-Ping Kang, Sean Seaman, Linda Angell, Shan Bao","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3239093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3239093","url":null,"abstract":"As a promising cognitive construct, situation awareness (SA) helps to assess operators' dynamic knowledge of the driving task in different contexts as well as to inspire driving assistance system design. This workshop will discuss SA in an automotive context, emphasizing the increasing challenges that are related to vehicle automation. We will begin with an understanding of SA and SA information needs. Next, we will explore how to apply SA concepts to the design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving (AD) user interfaces. Finally, we will discuss several useful SA measures, using exercises to demonstrate the value of some example measures.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125420593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Kunze, S. Summerskill, Russell Marshall, A. Filtness
The communication of system uncertainties may be key for overcoming challenges related to overtrust in automated driving. Existing approaches are limited to conveying uncertainties using visual displays in the instrument cluster. This requires operators to regularly monitor the display in order to perceive changes which impedes the execution of non-driving related tasks and thereby degrades the user experience. This study evaluates variables for the communication of uncertainties using peripheral awareness displays, considering changes in brightness, hue, position, size, pulse frequency, and movement speed. All variables were assessed in terms of how well participants can distinguish different instances, how logical they are, and how interrupting to a secondary task. With the exception of changes in position, all variables were ranked highly in terms of logic while changes in pulse frequency were perceived as most interrupting. The results inform the development of unobtrusive interfaces for uncertainty communication.
{"title":"Evaluation of Variables for the Communication of Uncertainties Using Peripheral Awareness Displays","authors":"Alexander Kunze, S. Summerskill, Russell Marshall, A. Filtness","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3265958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3265958","url":null,"abstract":"The communication of system uncertainties may be key for overcoming challenges related to overtrust in automated driving. Existing approaches are limited to conveying uncertainties using visual displays in the instrument cluster. This requires operators to regularly monitor the display in order to perceive changes which impedes the execution of non-driving related tasks and thereby degrades the user experience. This study evaluates variables for the communication of uncertainties using peripheral awareness displays, considering changes in brightness, hue, position, size, pulse frequency, and movement speed. All variables were assessed in terms of how well participants can distinguish different instances, how logical they are, and how interrupting to a secondary task. With the exception of changes in position, all variables were ranked highly in terms of logic while changes in pulse frequency were perceived as most interrupting. The results inform the development of unobtrusive interfaces for uncertainty communication.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126049506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Manuel Madrid, Carlos A. Arce-Lopera, Fabian Lasso
One of the factors for stress reduction among vehicle drivers is to be aware that stress is present. This project presents a biometric interface for stress detection in drivers, built with open source sensors and hardware. In two series of experiments, we induce stress in test subjects by making them drive progressively difficult scenarios in a simulator. Using the C4.5 classification algorithm, we classified the subjects' biometric data in order to determine whether the subject was stressed or not. In another series of experiments, we tested the efficacy of two driver feedback systems, a haptic one and a visual one. Identifying a stressful situation allows real-time feedback to drivers, so they can be aware of their stressed state, thus being able to take corrective actions on time, and avoid behavior leading to an accident.
{"title":"Biometric Interface for Driver's Stress Detection and Awareness","authors":"Juan Manuel Madrid, Carlos A. Arce-Lopera, Fabian Lasso","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3265970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3265970","url":null,"abstract":"One of the factors for stress reduction among vehicle drivers is to be aware that stress is present. This project presents a biometric interface for stress detection in drivers, built with open source sensors and hardware. In two series of experiments, we induce stress in test subjects by making them drive progressively difficult scenarios in a simulator. Using the C4.5 classification algorithm, we classified the subjects' biometric data in order to determine whether the subject was stressed or not. In another series of experiments, we tested the efficacy of two driver feedback systems, a haptic one and a visual one. Identifying a stressful situation allows real-time feedback to drivers, so they can be aware of their stressed state, thus being able to take corrective actions on time, and avoid behavior leading to an accident.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115586432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Völkel, Julia Graefe, R. Schödel, Renate Häuslschmid, Clemens Stachl, Quay Au, Heinrich Hußmann
Drivers' emotional and physical states have a big impact on their driving performance. New technological sensing methods are currently investigated and will soon allow to automatically detect the driver's state. Yet, how to communicate the detected state to the driver is less well understood. In an iterative design process, we developed two concepts to increase the driver's awareness of this issue: (1) a dashboard which provides a continuous overview of four potentially safety-critical states, namely drowsiness, aggressiveness, high workload, and hypoglycaemia, and (2) on-time warnings which alert the driver to an immediate safety risk. We then let 70 drivers experience both concepts in a driving simulation and collected their qualitative feedback in post-study interviews. We found that participants preferred to receive only safety-critical notifications of the driver's state but appreciated a progressive status indicator for easier interpretation. Based on our findings, we suggest first recommendations for visualizing driver's states.
{"title":"I Drive My Car and My States Drive Me: Visualizing Driver's Emotional and Physical States","authors":"S. Völkel, Julia Graefe, R. Schödel, Renate Häuslschmid, Clemens Stachl, Quay Au, Heinrich Hußmann","doi":"10.1145/3239092.3267102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3267102","url":null,"abstract":"Drivers' emotional and physical states have a big impact on their driving performance. New technological sensing methods are currently investigated and will soon allow to automatically detect the driver's state. Yet, how to communicate the detected state to the driver is less well understood. In an iterative design process, we developed two concepts to increase the driver's awareness of this issue: (1) a dashboard which provides a continuous overview of four potentially safety-critical states, namely drowsiness, aggressiveness, high workload, and hypoglycaemia, and (2) on-time warnings which alert the driver to an immediate safety risk. We then let 70 drivers experience both concepts in a driving simulation and collected their qualitative feedback in post-study interviews. We found that participants preferred to receive only safety-critical notifications of the driver's state but appreciated a progressive status indicator for easier interpretation. Based on our findings, we suggest first recommendations for visualizing driver's states.","PeriodicalId":313474,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122771581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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