Atika Hanum Falihah, Muhammad Novrizal, Abdi Sahid, Ika Puspitasari
A Freshwater fish is a popular type of fish consumed in Indonesia besides seawater fish. However, until now the most available information regarding the potential allergenicity of fish is only related to seawater fish. The potential allergenicity of freshwater fish has not been studied much, so it has not been identified and characterized. Based on this, this review aims to collect information regarding the potential allergenicity of protein in freshwater fish and the effect of processing on this potential. The potential allergenicity of proteins in several freshwater fish has been confirmed by immunoblotting and ELISA, namely mujair, nile, catfish, mas, toman, janjan, tambakan, tiger scat, barramundi, and eel. The identified allergenic proteins include parvalbumin, tropomyosin, enolase, aldolase, creatine kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In addition, several proteins in other freshwater fish also have allergenicity potential but have not been confirmed through research, namely pomfret, gourami, snakehead, catfish, eel, betutu, and cetol. The potential allergenicity of fish protein is also influenced by the processing process. Changes in the potential allergenicity are related to the characteristics of each allergen protein. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate processing so that potential allergenicity can be suppressed.
{"title":"The Allergenicity Potential of Edible Freshwater Fish","authors":"Atika Hanum Falihah, Muhammad Novrizal, Abdi Sahid, Ika Puspitasari","doi":"10.22146/jfps.7394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.7394","url":null,"abstract":"A Freshwater fish is a popular type of fish consumed in Indonesia besides seawater fish. However, until now the most available information regarding the potential allergenicity of fish is only related to seawater fish. The potential allergenicity of freshwater fish has not been studied much, so it has not been identified and characterized. Based on this, this review aims to collect information regarding the potential allergenicity of protein in freshwater fish and the effect of processing on this potential. The potential allergenicity of proteins in several freshwater fish has been confirmed by immunoblotting and ELISA, namely mujair, nile, catfish, mas, toman, janjan, tambakan, tiger scat, barramundi, and eel. The identified allergenic proteins include parvalbumin, tropomyosin, enolase, aldolase, creatine kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In addition, several proteins in other freshwater fish also have allergenicity potential but have not been confirmed through research, namely pomfret, gourami, snakehead, catfish, eel, betutu, and cetol. The potential allergenicity of fish protein is also influenced by the processing process. Changes in the potential allergenicity are related to the characteristics of each allergen protein. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate processing so that potential allergenicity can be suppressed.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Almasah Azzahra, Bramanti Nadya Kausara, Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid
Factors that contribute to food allergenicity is still unknown. To determine food intrinsic properties that contribute to L. vannamei and A. granosa allergenicity or allergy like symptoms this study identify total protein and metal profiles, histamine contents, and protein heat stability. Histamine content is measured colorimetrically. Protein heat-stability is observed with sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Allergy-related metal concentration are determined with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Fresh L. vannamei and A. granosa contained ~100 and ~25 ppm histamine, respectively. Storage at -20 oC for 3 days relatively did not changed histamine content of both foods. Storage at 4-8 oC for 3 days increased histamine content in L. vannamei, but not in A. granosa. Protein sized <70 kDa of both samples are relatively heat-stable. L. vannamei and A. granosa contained Zn with concentration of 85 ppm and 92 ppm, subsequently. All samples did not contain nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb). Higher histamine content and heat-stable protein number of L. vannamei could contribute to higher prevalence of its allergy or allergic like symptoms than A. granosa. High Zn content might contribute to allergic like symptoms of both foods.
{"title":"Intrinsic Factors Contributing to Shrimp and Blood Clamp Allergic Reaction and Allergic Like Symptoms","authors":"Almasah Azzahra, Bramanti Nadya Kausara, Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid","doi":"10.22146/jfps.6653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.6653","url":null,"abstract":"Factors that contribute to food allergenicity is still unknown. To determine food intrinsic properties that contribute to L. vannamei and A. granosa allergenicity or allergy like symptoms this study identify total protein and metal profiles, histamine contents, and protein heat stability. Histamine content is measured colorimetrically. Protein heat-stability is observed with sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Allergy-related metal concentration are determined with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Fresh L. vannamei and A. granosa contained ~100 and ~25 ppm histamine, respectively. Storage at -20 oC for 3 days relatively did not changed histamine content of both foods. Storage at 4-8 oC for 3 days increased histamine content in L. vannamei, but not in A. granosa. Protein sized <70 kDa of both samples are relatively heat-stable. L. vannamei and A. granosa contained Zn with concentration of 85 ppm and 92 ppm, subsequently. All samples did not contain nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb). Higher histamine content and heat-stable protein number of L. vannamei could contribute to higher prevalence of its allergy or allergic like symptoms than A. granosa. High Zn content might contribute to allergic like symptoms of both foods.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Izatunnafis Izatunnafis, Y. B. Murti, Bambang Sulistyo Ari Sudarmanto
Many compounds have been isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (AP). In drug discovery and development, plant secondary metabolites are popular as resources for drug candidates. A high-quality drug candidate should not only be effective against the therapeutic target, but it should also be safe and have good pharmacokinetic features. This study aimed to predict the pharmacokinetic features and toxicity potencies of 46 compounds from AP using the pKCSM online tool. According to pKCSM prediction, among the forty-six compounds from AP, compound 1 (14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide), compound 2 (14-Deoxyandrographolide), and compound 39 ((-)-beta-Sitosterol) have good pharmacokinetic features and do not have potencies to be mutagenic and hepatotoxic agents. The lethal dosage values (LD50) of compounds 1, 2, and 39, are 1935, 2053, and 2424 (mol/kg), respectively. However, further research is still needed to confirm these predictions.
{"title":"In silico Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Prediction of Compounds from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees.","authors":"Izatunnafis Izatunnafis, Y. B. Murti, Bambang Sulistyo Ari Sudarmanto","doi":"10.22146/jfps.7436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.7436","url":null,"abstract":"Many compounds have been isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (AP). In drug discovery and development, plant secondary metabolites are popular as resources for drug candidates. A high-quality drug candidate should not only be effective against the therapeutic target, but it should also be safe and have good pharmacokinetic features. This study aimed to predict the pharmacokinetic features and toxicity potencies of 46 compounds from AP using the pKCSM online tool. According to pKCSM prediction, among the forty-six compounds from AP, compound 1 (14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide), compound 2 (14-Deoxyandrographolide), and compound 39 ((-)-beta-Sitosterol) have good pharmacokinetic features and do not have potencies to be mutagenic and hepatotoxic agents. The lethal dosage values (LD50) of compounds 1, 2, and 39, are 1935, 2053, and 2424 (mol/kg), respectively. However, further research is still needed to confirm these predictions.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The 4-hydroxychalcone compound is a flavonoid derivative that has benzene rings with unsaturated chains and a chromophore group, which can absorb UV rays and reduce the intensity of radiation exposure to the skin. This study aims to examine the effect of gelling agents on the physical properties of gel preparations, optimum formula stability, and activity of 4-hydroxychalcone gel as a sunscreen in vitro. Base optimization was carried out using Design Expert software version 10 with the simplex lattice design method and variations in gelling agent concentrations, namely carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), and gelatin. The activity of 4-hydroxychalcone sunscreen gel was determined spectrophotometrically by determining the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value, the percentage of erythema transmission (%TE), and the percentage of pigmentation transmission (%TP). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS software. The results showed that the optimum formula composition was obtained at a concentration of 0.67% carbopol, 2% CMC-Na, and 1.83% gelatin. The optimum formula of 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel was stable during storage at room temperature and did not experience syneresis during 72 hours of storage at ± 10°C. The 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel gave an SPF value of 27.37 % TE was 1.76% and % TP was 10.21%, therefore it is categorized as a sunblock.
{"title":"Optimization of Carbopol, CMN-Na, Gelatin, and In Vitro Activity Test of 4-Hydroxy Chalcone Gel as Sunscreen","authors":"Abdul Karim Zulkarnain, J. Jumina","doi":"10.22146/jfps.8237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.8237","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The 4-hydroxychalcone compound is a flavonoid derivative that has benzene rings with unsaturated chains and a chromophore group, which can absorb UV rays and reduce the intensity of radiation exposure to the skin. This study aims to examine the effect of gelling agents on the physical properties of gel preparations, optimum formula stability, and activity of 4-hydroxychalcone gel as a sunscreen in vitro. Base optimization was carried out using Design Expert software version 10 with the simplex lattice design method and variations in gelling agent concentrations, namely carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), and gelatin. The activity of 4-hydroxychalcone sunscreen gel was determined spectrophotometrically by determining the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value, the percentage of erythema transmission (%TE), and the percentage of pigmentation transmission (%TP). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS software. The results showed that the optimum formula composition was obtained at a concentration of 0.67% carbopol, 2% CMC-Na, and 1.83% gelatin. The optimum formula of 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel was stable during storage at room temperature and did not experience syneresis during 72 hours of storage at ± 10°C. The 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel gave an SPF value of 27.37 % TE was 1.76% and % TP was 10.21%, therefore it is categorized as a sunblock.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanubari Indah Putri Rahmani, Abdul Karim Zulkarnain
Abstract: In recent years, skincare with natural ingredients is being developed for it has fewer side effects and is relatively suitable for all skin types. One of the potential ingredients from the natural ingredients is sunflower seed oil, which has proven to have potential as a skin moisturizer and fight acne bacteria. The purpose of this study was to make a gel formulation of sunflower seed oil by optimizing the combination of the gelling agent of HPMC and Na-CMC. The Simplex Lattice Design method was used to optimize the gel base with Design Expert software version 13. There were 8 gel formulas made and evaluated including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The independent variables in SLD were the amount of HPMC and Na-CMC, while the responses included pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The optimal formula suggested by SLD is a combination of 1.451% HPMC and 1.549% Na-CMC. The optimal formula has a pH of 6.813 ± 0.041, a viscosity of 194.8 ± 2.94 dPas, an adhesion of 6.29 ± 0.50 seconds, and a spreadability of 21.5 ± 10.05 cm2. The optimum prediction formula from the software has no significant difference from the test results which show that the method can be used to predict the physical properties of sunflower seed oil gel preparations. The results of the physical stability test also stated that its physical properties were stable in terms of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion.
{"title":"Optimization of HPMC and Na-CMC as Gelling Agents on Physical Properties and Stability in Sunflower Seed Oil Gel Formulation","authors":"Sanubari Indah Putri Rahmani, Abdul Karim Zulkarnain","doi":"10.22146/jfps.8227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.8227","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In recent years, skincare with natural ingredients is being developed for it has fewer side effects and is relatively suitable for all skin types. One of the potential ingredients from the natural ingredients is sunflower seed oil, which has proven to have potential as a skin moisturizer and fight acne bacteria. The purpose of this study was to make a gel formulation of sunflower seed oil by optimizing the combination of the gelling agent of HPMC and Na-CMC. The Simplex Lattice Design method was used to optimize the gel base with Design Expert software version 13. There were 8 gel formulas made and evaluated including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The independent variables in SLD were the amount of HPMC and Na-CMC, while the responses included pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The optimal formula suggested by SLD is a combination of 1.451% HPMC and 1.549% Na-CMC. The optimal formula has a pH of 6.813 ± 0.041, a viscosity of 194.8 ± 2.94 dPas, an adhesion of 6.29 ± 0.50 seconds, and a spreadability of 21.5 ± 10.05 cm2. The optimum prediction formula from the software has no significant difference from the test results which show that the method can be used to predict the physical properties of sunflower seed oil gel preparations. The results of the physical stability test also stated that its physical properties were stable in terms of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melasma, known as a hyperpigmentation disorder, is more common in women of childbearing age with Fitzpatrick IV-VI skin types. Various factors of this disease, namely genetic factors, UV exposure, hormonal, thyroid disease, pregnancy, and drugs. The best treatment for melasma is with 2 – 4% hydroquinone, but because of the side effects, alternative treatments are mostly used for melasma. One of them is with essential oils. Essential oils have been investigated as depigmenting agents because of their anti-tyrosinase potential. In this literature, it is proven that the essential oils of sage (Salvia), hedgenettle / woundwort (Stachys), lavender (Lavandula), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), cinnamon (Cinnamomum), mountain tea (Sideritis), pomelo (Citrus grandis ( L) Osbeck), and kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) are effective against melasma. The purpose of this literature is to discuss the various effects of essential oils that can be used as depigmentation agents in the alternative treatment of melasma.
{"title":"The Effect of Natural Essential Oil Depigmenting Agent for Alternative Treatment of Melasma","authors":"L. J. Wijayadi, K. Kelvin","doi":"10.22146/jfps.6131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.6131","url":null,"abstract":"Melasma, known as a hyperpigmentation disorder, is more common in women of childbearing age with Fitzpatrick IV-VI skin types. Various factors of this disease, namely genetic factors, UV exposure, hormonal, thyroid disease, pregnancy, and drugs. The best treatment for melasma is with 2 – 4% hydroquinone, but because of the side effects, alternative treatments are mostly used for melasma. One of them is with essential oils. Essential oils have been investigated as depigmenting agents because of their anti-tyrosinase potential. In this literature, it is proven that the essential oils of sage (Salvia), hedgenettle / woundwort (Stachys), lavender (Lavandula), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), cinnamon (Cinnamomum), mountain tea (Sideritis), pomelo (Citrus grandis ( L) Osbeck), and kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) are effective against melasma. The purpose of this literature is to discuss the various effects of essential oils that can be used as depigmentation agents in the alternative treatment of melasma.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126329921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ermawati, D. Putro, Nindita Clourisa Amaris Susanto
Sweet orange contains citric acid and ascorbic acid that act as a silver ion bioreducer to form nanosilver (AgNPs). Silver ion green synthesis using sweet orange peel resulted in smaller particle sizes than C. lemon and C. limeta. Therofore, this study aims to determine the characteristic of nanosilver biosynthetic using sweet orange bioreductor and antibacterial activity. Silver nitrate solution of 1.0 mM was mixed with sweet orange juice - peel infusion in ratio of 3.0: 0.0; 1.5: 1.5; and 0.0: 3.0 mL. The process was conducted using a water bath at 60 ˚C for 45 minutes. The formation of AgNPs is indicated by a color change from colorless to yellowish-brown using UV/Vis spectrophotometer and PSA. The stability test of AgNPs is determined for 30 days storage at room temprature and their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The results showed that sweet orange juice accelerated the color change at the SPR range of AgNPs at 438-459 nm, but it is less stable. The mix solution of sweet orange juice and sweet orange peel infusion of 1.5: 1.5 mL are stable and promising as an antibacterial agent. Futhermore, the AgNPs produced had a particle size of 41±10 nm and a spherical shape.
{"title":"The Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity of Nanosilver Biosynthetic using Sweet Orange","authors":"D. Ermawati, D. Putro, Nindita Clourisa Amaris Susanto","doi":"10.22146/jfps.5760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.5760","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet orange contains citric acid and ascorbic acid that act as a silver ion bioreducer to form nanosilver (AgNPs). Silver ion green synthesis using sweet orange peel resulted in smaller particle sizes than C. lemon and C. limeta. Therofore, this study aims to determine the characteristic of nanosilver biosynthetic using sweet orange bioreductor and antibacterial activity. Silver nitrate solution of 1.0 mM was mixed with sweet orange juice - peel infusion in ratio of 3.0: 0.0; 1.5: 1.5; and 0.0: 3.0 mL. The process was conducted using a water bath at 60 ˚C for 45 minutes. The formation of AgNPs is indicated by a color change from colorless to yellowish-brown using UV/Vis spectrophotometer and PSA. The stability test of AgNPs is determined for 30 days storage at room temprature and their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The results showed that sweet orange juice accelerated the color change at the SPR range of AgNPs at 438-459 nm, but it is less stable. The mix solution of sweet orange juice and sweet orange peel infusion of 1.5: 1.5 mL are stable and promising as an antibacterial agent. Futhermore, the AgNPs produced had a particle size of 41±10 nm and a spherical shape.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"57 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114054192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azmiera Azimuddin, Mohamad Farhan bin Roslan, Riyanto Teguh Widodo
Orally disintegrating tablets are a solid dosage form compromising medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, generally within a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. In this study, paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets was formulated and evaluated. Direct compression was used to prepare 350 mg tablets of five formulations (F1- F5) by using a single punch manual tableting machine. Pre-formulation studies were performed on the powder mixture of each formulation to obtain information regarding their flow properties. The tablets from each formulation were also evaluated for weight uniformity, drug content uniformity, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution. The disintegration tests carried out revealed that tablets from F2 showed the shortest disintegration time of 32.67 ± 3.14 seconds followed by tablets from F5, F3, F4 and F1. However, the dissolution results illustrated that tablets from F5 have the best dissolution profile, releasing 84.70 ± 5.31% of drugs within 4 minutes. Hence the most optimized formulation of a paracetamol orally disintegrating tablet in this study.
{"title":"Formulation and in vitro Evaluations of Paracetamol Orally Disintegrating Tablets","authors":"Azmiera Azimuddin, Mohamad Farhan bin Roslan, Riyanto Teguh Widodo","doi":"10.22146/jfps.6162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.6162","url":null,"abstract":"Orally disintegrating tablets are a solid dosage form compromising medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, generally within a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. In this study, paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets was formulated and evaluated. Direct compression was used to prepare 350 mg tablets of five formulations (F1- F5) by using a single punch manual tableting machine. Pre-formulation studies were performed on the powder mixture of each formulation to obtain information regarding their flow properties. The tablets from each formulation were also evaluated for weight uniformity, drug content uniformity, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution. The disintegration tests carried out revealed that tablets from F2 showed the shortest disintegration time of 32.67 ± 3.14 seconds followed by tablets from F5, F3, F4 and F1. However, the dissolution results illustrated that tablets from F5 have the best dissolution profile, releasing 84.70 ± 5.31% of drugs within 4 minutes. Hence the most optimized formulation of a paracetamol orally disintegrating tablet in this study.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"52 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113981517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Novitasari, Fatma Nuraisyah, Farhan Adyaqsa Prihatmadi, Agung Dwi Nugroho, A. Yudhana, S. A. Akbar
Phytochemical screening is a preliminary stage in phytochemical research which aims to provide an overview of class compounds contained in the plants. The solvents used in this study consisted of distillated water, methanol, and n-hexane solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites in Red Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl.) extract using different three solvents. Red Lemongrass extract was prepared by maceration method using distillated water, methanol, and n-hexane (10 gram: 100 mL) as solvents. Results of the extract were subjected to a phytochemical screening test consisting of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. The results of phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins were drawn attracted to the distillated water solvent. Meanwhile flavonoids and triterpenoids were drawn to methanol solvents. In addition, triterpenoids were drawn to n-hexane solvents. The best solvent on maceration results will be used as a reference for testing the ability of the extract as an antidiabetic agent.
{"title":"Solvent Effects on Phytochemical Screening Test of Red Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl.) Extract and its Potential as Antidiabetic Agent","authors":"P. Novitasari, Fatma Nuraisyah, Farhan Adyaqsa Prihatmadi, Agung Dwi Nugroho, A. Yudhana, S. A. Akbar","doi":"10.22146/jfps.6310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.6310","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical screening is a preliminary stage in phytochemical research which aims to provide an overview of class compounds contained in the plants. The solvents used in this study consisted of distillated water, methanol, and n-hexane solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites in Red Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl.) extract using different three solvents. Red Lemongrass extract was prepared by maceration method using distillated water, methanol, and n-hexane (10 gram: 100 mL) as solvents. Results of the extract were subjected to a phytochemical screening test consisting of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. The results of phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins were drawn attracted to the distillated water solvent. Meanwhile flavonoids and triterpenoids were drawn to methanol solvents. In addition, triterpenoids were drawn to n-hexane solvents. The best solvent on maceration results will be used as a reference for testing the ability of the extract as an antidiabetic agent.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131857387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioequivalence testing aims to ensure that the therapeutic performance of the drug is consistent and reproducible when it is administrated. Modeling and simulation in silico methods are currently performed to conduct virtual bioequivalence studies. Various computer simulation software is used to generate the simulation and model input data. This review summarizes the software used for predicting in vivo performance which supports the analysis of virtual bioequivalence testing. GastroPlus™ and SimCyp® are widely used platforms in generating data for virtual bioequivalence studies. The studies suggest that the validity procedure is necessary for modeling and simulation. The in silico method has become a valuable tool in bioequivalence studies as supporting extension of the biowaiver drug list and contributing to future drug development.
{"title":"Application in silico Modeling Simulation in Bioequivalence Studies: A Review","authors":"Sekar Ayu Pawestri","doi":"10.22146/jfps.5893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.5893","url":null,"abstract":"Bioequivalence testing aims to ensure that the therapeutic performance of the drug is consistent and reproducible when it is administrated. Modeling and simulation in silico methods are currently performed to conduct virtual bioequivalence studies. Various computer simulation software is used to generate the simulation and model input data. This review summarizes the software used for predicting in vivo performance which supports the analysis of virtual bioequivalence testing. GastroPlus™ and SimCyp® are widely used platforms in generating data for virtual bioequivalence studies. The studies suggest that the validity procedure is necessary for modeling and simulation. The in silico method has become a valuable tool in bioequivalence studies as supporting extension of the biowaiver drug list and contributing to future drug development.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132678404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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