ABSTRACT Muntingia calabura is broadly cultivated and has become a common roadside tree in Indonesia that is known as "Kersen," or cherry. The current study aimed to determine the activities of the phytochemical constituent (i.e., phenolic and flavonoid total contents) with various concentrations of ethanolic extract of M. calabura leaves (EEMC) to determine the best one and the in vitro antioxidant activities and quercetin content using TLC Densitometry. The extraction was carried out by maceration with various concentrations of ethanol (96% v/v; 70% v/v and 50% v/v) to obtain the ethanolic extract of Muntingia calabura , L leaves. The determination of Quercetin was conducted by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) densitometry, and the total phenolic was analyzed with reagent Folin-Ciocalteu while the flavonoid content we identified by applying the colourimetric method. The antioxidant capacity was measured using the radical scavenging assay of 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemical study showed that phenolics, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids were present in all EEMC. The extract obtained by 96% ethanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity, reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The same extract also exhibited the highest flavonoid content. However, the extract obtained by 70% ethanol showed the phenolic content, and the highest quercetin content was obtained by using 50% ethanol. The result from the EEMC analysis indicated that Muntingia calabura leaf extract contains essential bioactive compounds and shows potential as a source of antioxidants in M calabura which uses 96% ethanol solvent and has the highest quercetin content in M calabura using 50% ethanol solvent Keywords: DPPH, Muntingia calabura , phenolic total, antiradical activity, TLC densitometry
{"title":"Radical Scavenging Activity and Quercetin Content of Muntingia calabura L. Leaves Extracted by Various Ethanol Concentration","authors":"R. Pertiwi, Suwaldi, R. Martien, E. Setyowati","doi":"10.22146/JFPS.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JFPS.581","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Muntingia calabura is broadly cultivated and has become a common roadside tree in Indonesia that is known as \"Kersen,\" or cherry. The current study aimed to determine the activities of the phytochemical constituent (i.e., phenolic and flavonoid total contents) with various concentrations of ethanolic extract of M. calabura leaves (EEMC) to determine the best one and the in vitro antioxidant activities and quercetin content using TLC Densitometry. The extraction was carried out by maceration with various concentrations of ethanol (96% v/v; 70% v/v and 50% v/v) to obtain the ethanolic extract of Muntingia calabura , L leaves. The determination of Quercetin was conducted by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) densitometry, and the total phenolic was analyzed with reagent Folin-Ciocalteu while the flavonoid content we identified by applying the colourimetric method. The antioxidant capacity was measured using the radical scavenging assay of 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemical study showed that phenolics, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids were present in all EEMC. The extract obtained by 96% ethanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity, reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The same extract also exhibited the highest flavonoid content. However, the extract obtained by 70% ethanol showed the phenolic content, and the highest quercetin content was obtained by using 50% ethanol. The result from the EEMC analysis indicated that Muntingia calabura leaf extract contains essential bioactive compounds and shows potential as a source of antioxidants in M calabura which uses 96% ethanol solvent and has the highest quercetin content in M calabura using 50% ethanol solvent Keywords: DPPH, Muntingia calabura , phenolic total, antiradical activity, TLC densitometry","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126548522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dian Resti Setyaningrum, Rumiyati, Y. A. Purwestri, S. Saloko, A. Nugroho, Y. Pranoto, S. Widyastuti
Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by high blood sugar levels or hyperglycemia.Alpha-amylase inhibitors can be used as an antidiabetic that controls postprandial hyperglycemia.Alpha-amylase inhibitors are found in plants as protein and non-protein bioactive content such as in lebuiseed. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of alpha-amylase inhibition of the fraction ofethanol extract of lebui seed. This research was carried out by extraction of lebui seed and then fractionatedlebui extract to obtain n-hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and water fraction (WF). Thefractions then tested to alpha-amylase inhibition activity in vitro by measuring the reducing sugar using3.5-dinitrosalicylic (DNS) reagent. Furthermore, the identification of the bioactive content of each fraction wascarried out using thin layer chromatography. The results of alpha-amylase inhibition activity test showed thatall fractions had the ability to inhibit alpha-amylase. The IC50 value of the n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetatefraction, and water fraction were 173.05 mg/ml, 9.98 mg/ml, and 137.19 mg/ml, respectively. Ethyl acetatefraction has the smallest IC50 value compared to other fractions. Based on the identification of the bioactivecontent, bioactive content that is only found in the ethyl acetate fraction but not in other fractions are tannins.Therefore, the chemical content in lebui seed which acts as an alpha-amylase inhibitor might be tannins.
{"title":"α-Amilase Inhibitory Activity of Fraction of Ethanolic Extract of Lebui Seed (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) Grown in West Nusa Tenggara","authors":"Dian Resti Setyaningrum, Rumiyati, Y. A. Purwestri, S. Saloko, A. Nugroho, Y. Pranoto, S. Widyastuti","doi":"10.22146/jfps.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.720","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by high blood sugar levels or hyperglycemia.Alpha-amylase inhibitors can be used as an antidiabetic that controls postprandial hyperglycemia.Alpha-amylase inhibitors are found in plants as protein and non-protein bioactive content such as in lebuiseed. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of alpha-amylase inhibition of the fraction ofethanol extract of lebui seed. This research was carried out by extraction of lebui seed and then fractionatedlebui extract to obtain n-hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and water fraction (WF). Thefractions then tested to alpha-amylase inhibition activity in vitro by measuring the reducing sugar using3.5-dinitrosalicylic (DNS) reagent. Furthermore, the identification of the bioactive content of each fraction wascarried out using thin layer chromatography. The results of alpha-amylase inhibition activity test showed thatall fractions had the ability to inhibit alpha-amylase. The IC50 value of the n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetatefraction, and water fraction were 173.05 mg/ml, 9.98 mg/ml, and 137.19 mg/ml, respectively. Ethyl acetatefraction has the smallest IC50 value compared to other fractions. Based on the identification of the bioactivecontent, bioactive content that is only found in the ethyl acetate fraction but not in other fractions are tannins.Therefore, the chemical content in lebui seed which acts as an alpha-amylase inhibitor might be tannins.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130995033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iis Wahyuningsih, Kurnia Ambarwati, Erninda Ayu Hapsari, Afifah Fauziyyah, A. Ikhsanudin, D. Pertiwi, W. Widyaningsih
The aim of this study was to determine the protection effect of SNEDDS piroxicam ulcerogenic agent against malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein expression of caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2. The research was conducted using the test animals as much as 30 male white Sprague dawley (SD) rats aged 1-2 months with a weight of 100-200 grams divided into 5 groups. Treatment was given for 28 days orally. On the 29th day blood samples were also taken for the determination of MDA (Malondialdehid) levels by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARs) method using a visible spectrophotometer. Rats were sacrificed, then gastric organs were taken for immunohistochemical testing of caspase-3 and COX-1 expression, COX-2. The statistical analysis showed that the piroxicam SNEDDS group and the piroxicam suspension group decreased expression of the caspase-3 protein, increased COX-1 expression, decreased COX-2 and significantly decreased MDA levels. The piroxicam-containing SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) form has protection against ulcogenic piroxicam.
{"title":"Protection Effect of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Piroxicam as Ulcerogenic Agent towards Malondialdehid Level and Protein Expression of Caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2 at Rat Gastric","authors":"Iis Wahyuningsih, Kurnia Ambarwati, Erninda Ayu Hapsari, Afifah Fauziyyah, A. Ikhsanudin, D. Pertiwi, W. Widyaningsih","doi":"10.22146/JFPS.732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JFPS.732","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the protection effect of SNEDDS piroxicam ulcerogenic agent against malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein expression of caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2. The research was conducted using the test animals as much as 30 male white Sprague dawley (SD) rats aged 1-2 months with a weight of 100-200 grams divided into 5 groups. Treatment was given for 28 days orally. On the 29th day blood samples were also taken for the determination of MDA (Malondialdehid) levels by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARs) method using a visible spectrophotometer. Rats were sacrificed, then gastric organs were taken for immunohistochemical testing of caspase-3 and COX-1 expression, COX-2. The statistical analysis showed that the piroxicam SNEDDS group and the piroxicam suspension group decreased expression of the caspase-3 protein, increased COX-1 expression, decreased COX-2 and significantly decreased MDA levels. The piroxicam-containing SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) form has protection against ulcogenic piroxicam.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Makromolekul hidrokoloid dinilai mampu menstabilkan emulsi ganda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi emulsi ganda air dalam minyak dalam air (A/M/A) dengan menggunakan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (CMC Na) sebagai emulgator fase air eksternal. Emulsi primer air dalam minyak (A/M) dibuat dengan parafin cair sebagai fase minyak dan mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi emulgator span 80, yaitu 5, 10, 15, dan 20%, terhadap mikroskopi ukuran droplet, viskositas, dan stabilitas emulsi A/M setelah uji heati4ng-cooling cycle. Span 80 dengan konsentrasi 15% menghasilkan karakteristik emulsi primer A/M yang paling baik. Emulsifikasi emulsi primer A/M ke dalam fase air eksternal yang mengandung CMC Na menghasilkan emulsi ganda A/M/A. Peningkatan konsentrasi CMC Na dari 1, 2, dan 3% menghasilkan peningkatan viskositas emulsi ganda secara signifikan. Mikroskopi visual droplet minyak menunjukkan rentang ukuran droplet minyak yang relatif besar pada semua emulsi ganda A/M/A. Pelepasan model zat warna larut air (Ponceau 4R) dari semua emulsi ganda A/M/A sangat kecil (0,06-0,09%) setelah 6 jam pengujian yang mengindikasikan potensi penggunaan emulsi ganda ini sebagai sistem penghantaran lepas lambat. Emulsi ganda A/M/A pada semua konsentrasi CMC Na tidak memisah setelah uji stabilitas dengan metode heating-cooling cycle.
{"title":"Water-in-Oil-in Water (W/O/W) Double Emulsion Formulations using Variation Concentration of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium","authors":"Devina Tania, Marchaban, Rina Kuswahyuning","doi":"10.22146/JFPS.739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JFPS.739","url":null,"abstract":"Makromolekul hidrokoloid dinilai mampu menstabilkan emulsi ganda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi emulsi ganda air dalam minyak dalam air (A/M/A) dengan menggunakan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (CMC Na) sebagai emulgator fase air eksternal. Emulsi primer air dalam minyak (A/M) dibuat dengan parafin cair sebagai fase minyak dan mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi emulgator span 80, yaitu 5, 10, 15, dan 20%, terhadap mikroskopi ukuran droplet, viskositas, dan stabilitas emulsi A/M setelah uji heati4ng-cooling cycle. Span 80 dengan konsentrasi 15% menghasilkan karakteristik emulsi primer A/M yang paling baik. Emulsifikasi emulsi primer A/M ke dalam fase air eksternal yang mengandung CMC Na menghasilkan emulsi ganda A/M/A. Peningkatan konsentrasi CMC Na dari 1, 2, dan 3% menghasilkan peningkatan viskositas emulsi ganda secara signifikan. Mikroskopi visual droplet minyak menunjukkan rentang ukuran droplet minyak yang relatif besar pada semua emulsi ganda A/M/A. Pelepasan model zat warna larut air (Ponceau 4R) dari semua emulsi ganda A/M/A sangat kecil (0,06-0,09%) setelah 6 jam pengujian yang mengindikasikan potensi penggunaan emulsi ganda ini sebagai sistem penghantaran lepas lambat. Emulsi ganda A/M/A pada semua konsentrasi CMC Na tidak memisah setelah uji stabilitas dengan metode heating-cooling cycle.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114801116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Andina, Revita Saputri, Aristha Novyra Putri, E. Lukitaningsih, A. Rohman
In this recent study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics have been successfully used for theclassification and quantitative analysis of adulterated Pangasius Hypopthalmus (P. hypopthalmus) oil. The aimof this research was to evaluate the ability of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric to perform theclassification and quantitative analysis of adulterated P. hypopthalmus oil in a binary mixture with palm oil(PO) and coconut oil (CO). In the development of FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for theclassification and quantitative analysis of P. hypopthalmus oil, P. hypopthalmus oil (MP and LFP) mixed withother oils such as coconut oil (CO) and palm oil (PO) at concentrations of 1-99% v/v. Classification of P.hypopthalmus oil, PO and CO were performed by the principal component analysis (PCA) and thequantification analysis was carried out by partial least square (PLS). Based on the optimization process, thebest classification results were obtained using the first derivative spectra at wave numbers of 1400-1100 cm-1.The prediction of percentage adulterated oil by PLS method also showed very good values of R2 greater than0.9999 and low standard error values in the range of 0.0176-0.703. The prediction was also perform at1400-1100 cm-1 wavenumbers using the first derivative spectra.
{"title":"Analysis of Adulterated Pangasius Hypopthalmus Oil by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometric","authors":"L. Andina, Revita Saputri, Aristha Novyra Putri, E. Lukitaningsih, A. Rohman","doi":"10.22146/jfps.668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.668","url":null,"abstract":"In this recent study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics have been successfully used for theclassification and quantitative analysis of adulterated Pangasius Hypopthalmus (P. hypopthalmus) oil. The aimof this research was to evaluate the ability of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric to perform theclassification and quantitative analysis of adulterated P. hypopthalmus oil in a binary mixture with palm oil(PO) and coconut oil (CO). In the development of FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for theclassification and quantitative analysis of P. hypopthalmus oil, P. hypopthalmus oil (MP and LFP) mixed withother oils such as coconut oil (CO) and palm oil (PO) at concentrations of 1-99% v/v. Classification of P.hypopthalmus oil, PO and CO were performed by the principal component analysis (PCA) and thequantification analysis was carried out by partial least square (PLS). Based on the optimization process, thebest classification results were obtained using the first derivative spectra at wave numbers of 1400-1100 cm-1.The prediction of percentage adulterated oil by PLS method also showed very good values of R2 greater than0.9999 and low standard error values in the range of 0.0176-0.703. The prediction was also perform at1400-1100 cm-1 wavenumbers using the first derivative spectra.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131932369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research focused on the biochemistry and the medicinal uses of alkaloids, terpenes,polyphenols, and glycosides. Several parts of plants such as bark, root, leaf, stem, etc. are being used torevert abnormalities back to normal, prevent illnesses, or allay symptoms. These plant parts containbioactive compounds such as terpenes, glycosides, polyphenols, and alkaloids. Alkaloids have a rangeof pharmacological activities such as antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), anticancer (e.g. homoharringtonine),antimalarial (e.g. quinine). Other alkaloids possess stimulant (e.g. cocaine, caffeine, theobromine, nicotine)and psychotropic activities (e.g. psilocin), and have been widely used as recreational drugs orin entheogenic rituals. Alkaloids can be toxic too (e.g. tubocurarine, atropine). Although alkaloids act ondiverse metabolic systems in humans and animals, they almost uniformly induce a bitter taste. Thecharacteristics and number of the structures of phenol in polyphenols underlie the unique chemical,physical, and biological (metabolic, therapeutic, toxic, etc.) properties of specific members of the class;e.g. ellagitannin and tannic acid. Generally, foods often contain complex mixtures of polyphenols. Severalpolyphenolic extracts, such as from grape seeds, olive pulp, maritime pine bark, or grape skin, are sold asingredients for functional foods, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. Terpenoids and terpenes are theprimary components of the essential oils of most types of flowers plants. Essential oils are used widely asscents and fragrances in perfumery and also in traditional medicine, such as aromatherapy. Similarly,many plant glycosides are used as medicines. Amygdalin and laetrile (a synthetic derivative) wereinvestigated as potential drugs for cancer treatment and were promoted as alternative medicine;nevertheless, they are ineffective and dangerous. Pharmacologically active phytochemicals can haveuseful applications, as well as safety concerns.
{"title":"The Biochemistry, Toxicology, and Uses of the Pharmacologically Active Phytochemicals: Alkaloids, Terpenes, Polyphenols, and Glycosides","authors":"Chinaza Godswill Awuchi","doi":"10.22146/jfps.666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.666","url":null,"abstract":"The research focused on the biochemistry and the medicinal uses of alkaloids, terpenes,polyphenols, and glycosides. Several parts of plants such as bark, root, leaf, stem, etc. are being used torevert abnormalities back to normal, prevent illnesses, or allay symptoms. These plant parts containbioactive compounds such as terpenes, glycosides, polyphenols, and alkaloids. Alkaloids have a rangeof pharmacological activities such as antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), anticancer (e.g. homoharringtonine),antimalarial (e.g. quinine). Other alkaloids possess stimulant (e.g. cocaine, caffeine, theobromine, nicotine)and psychotropic activities (e.g. psilocin), and have been widely used as recreational drugs orin entheogenic rituals. Alkaloids can be toxic too (e.g. tubocurarine, atropine). Although alkaloids act ondiverse metabolic systems in humans and animals, they almost uniformly induce a bitter taste. Thecharacteristics and number of the structures of phenol in polyphenols underlie the unique chemical,physical, and biological (metabolic, therapeutic, toxic, etc.) properties of specific members of the class;e.g. ellagitannin and tannic acid. Generally, foods often contain complex mixtures of polyphenols. Severalpolyphenolic extracts, such as from grape seeds, olive pulp, maritime pine bark, or grape skin, are sold asingredients for functional foods, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. Terpenoids and terpenes are theprimary components of the essential oils of most types of flowers plants. Essential oils are used widely asscents and fragrances in perfumery and also in traditional medicine, such as aromatherapy. Similarly,many plant glycosides are used as medicines. Amygdalin and laetrile (a synthetic derivative) wereinvestigated as potential drugs for cancer treatment and were promoted as alternative medicine;nevertheless, they are ineffective and dangerous. Pharmacologically active phytochemicals can haveuseful applications, as well as safety concerns.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121750566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mushroom also known as a lit source of nutritional and therapeutical component so in order toevaluate the usefulness of the Pakistani wild mushroom strains as the possible nutracueticals, adetailedstudy entailing several tests for the determination of anti-oxidant potential was carried out on the electedmushrooms in four different solvents. Strains of Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea,Pleurotus eryngii and Ganoderma lucidum were extracted for this particular purpose in the water, n- butanol,n-hexane and choloroform solvents. Test models including Total Phenolic Content assay, Total FlavonoidContent assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Scavenging Activity assay and Reducing Powerassay were utilized for carrying out the comparative analysis among the selected mushrooms. The acquiredresults indicated that the extract of Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus eryngii possess copacetic anti-oxidantpotential and can be utilized as oxidative stress reliever in humans. Furthermore, extraction studies alsoindicated that water is the most suitable solvent for anti-oxidants extraction for these mushrooms. Finding ofthe anti-oxidant potential for elected wild mushrooms contra indicate that these mushrooms can be safelyexploited as a amended natural anti-oxidant in comparison to its synthetic counterpart.
{"title":"Comparison of Anti-oxidant Activity of Five Elected Wild Commercial Mushrooms in Four Different Solvents as an Alternative Oxidative Stress Reliever","authors":"Shahnaz Salamat, M. Shahid","doi":"10.22146/jfps.667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.667","url":null,"abstract":"Mushroom also known as a lit source of nutritional and therapeutical component so in order toevaluate the usefulness of the Pakistani wild mushroom strains as the possible nutracueticals, adetailedstudy entailing several tests for the determination of anti-oxidant potential was carried out on the electedmushrooms in four different solvents. Strains of Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea,Pleurotus eryngii and Ganoderma lucidum were extracted for this particular purpose in the water, n- butanol,n-hexane and choloroform solvents. Test models including Total Phenolic Content assay, Total FlavonoidContent assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Scavenging Activity assay and Reducing Powerassay were utilized for carrying out the comparative analysis among the selected mushrooms. The acquiredresults indicated that the extract of Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus eryngii possess copacetic anti-oxidantpotential and can be utilized as oxidative stress reliever in humans. Furthermore, extraction studies alsoindicated that water is the most suitable solvent for anti-oxidants extraction for these mushrooms. Finding ofthe anti-oxidant potential for elected wild mushrooms contra indicate that these mushrooms can be safelyexploited as a amended natural anti-oxidant in comparison to its synthetic counterpart.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129722133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitsalina Fildzah Arifah, S. Martono, S. Riyanto, C. M. Airin
Accumulation lipid peroxidation can lead to the formation of malondialdehyde to generatefree radicals. Antioxidant will minimize free radical related health problems, such as naturalantioxidant from meat of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) (Blume) Hook. F. & Thompson) fruits.Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts and acetate ethyl fractions meat of kepel fruits calculatedprofile of malondialdehyde concentration (ng/mL) in CCl4 induced acute liver toxicity in femaleSprague Dawley rats using ELISA competitively method. All of groups induced CCl4 i.p. at 0 h, exceptuntreated and solvent control group, then vitamin C , methanol extracts and acetate ethyl fractionsp.o. once daily for 72 h. Identification of secondary metabolite was using phytochemical screeningand Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Liver weighed and calculated relative organ weight (ROW)of liver, then all of data analyzed using statistic tests, One Way ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis. Thisstudy showed methanol extracts can decrease MDA concentration, ALT and AST were more potent(significantly p<0.05) than acetate ethyl fractions and vitamin C. The TLC analysis identified methanolextracts have same polarity with quercetin (Rf = 0,26) and acetate ethyl fractions showed otherflavonoid class, except rutin and quercetin. ROW of acute liver toxicity in rats increased significantlyin CCl4 and vitamin C groups.
{"title":"The Effect of Metanolic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kepel Fruits to Lipid Peroxide Concentration in Liver of CCl4-induced Rat","authors":"Mitsalina Fildzah Arifah, S. Martono, S. Riyanto, C. M. Airin","doi":"10.22146/jfps.661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.661","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulation lipid peroxidation can lead to the formation of malondialdehyde to generatefree radicals. Antioxidant will minimize free radical related health problems, such as naturalantioxidant from meat of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) (Blume) Hook. F. & Thompson) fruits.Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts and acetate ethyl fractions meat of kepel fruits calculatedprofile of malondialdehyde concentration (ng/mL) in CCl4 induced acute liver toxicity in femaleSprague Dawley rats using ELISA competitively method. All of groups induced CCl4 i.p. at 0 h, exceptuntreated and solvent control group, then vitamin C , methanol extracts and acetate ethyl fractionsp.o. once daily for 72 h. Identification of secondary metabolite was using phytochemical screeningand Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Liver weighed and calculated relative organ weight (ROW)of liver, then all of data analyzed using statistic tests, One Way ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis. Thisstudy showed methanol extracts can decrease MDA concentration, ALT and AST were more potent(significantly p<0.05) than acetate ethyl fractions and vitamin C. The TLC analysis identified methanolextracts have same polarity with quercetin (Rf = 0,26) and acetate ethyl fractions showed otherflavonoid class, except rutin and quercetin. ROW of acute liver toxicity in rats increased significantlyin CCl4 and vitamin C groups.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122044617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-25DOI: 10.4172/2472-0542.1000128
Nilesh R. Rarokar, Sunil S. Menghani, Deweshri R Kerzare, P. Khedekar
Glycerides are lipid esters of the glycerol molecule and fatty acids. Their primary function is the storage of energy. Due to its structure and properties, glycerol participates in the formulation or synthesis of many compounds such as food products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, liquid detergents. Monoglycerides (MGs) can be formed by both industrial chemical glycerolysis and biological or enzymatic processes. Chemical glycerolysis bring issues of low MGs yield, high operating temperature, formation of undesirable by-products and high energy consumption. On the other hand enzymatic processes have advantages of mild reaction conditions and high purity of MGs. But, several purification steps are required to obtain food or pharmaceutical grade MG, such as neutralization of the reaction media and discoloration followed by expensive molecular distillation. The purpose of this article is to review the main challenges in the synthesis of MGs from triglycerides (TGs) contained in the various fixed oils and application thereof in the food and pharmaceuticals.
{"title":"Progress in Synthesis of Monoglycerides for Use in Food and Pharmaceuticals","authors":"Nilesh R. Rarokar, Sunil S. Menghani, Deweshri R Kerzare, P. Khedekar","doi":"10.4172/2472-0542.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2472-0542.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"Glycerides are lipid esters of the glycerol molecule and fatty acids. Their primary function is the storage of energy. Due to its structure and properties, glycerol participates in the formulation or synthesis of many compounds such as food products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, liquid detergents. Monoglycerides (MGs) can be formed by both industrial chemical glycerolysis and biological or enzymatic processes. Chemical glycerolysis bring issues of low MGs yield, high operating temperature, formation of undesirable by-products and high energy consumption. On the other hand enzymatic processes have advantages of mild reaction conditions and high purity of MGs. But, several purification steps are required to obtain food or pharmaceutical grade MG, such as neutralization of the reaction media and discoloration followed by expensive molecular distillation. The purpose of this article is to review the main challenges in the synthesis of MGs from triglycerides (TGs) contained in the various fixed oils and application thereof in the food and pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126689451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pujimulyani, Sri Raharjo, Yustinus Marsono, Umar Santoso
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of taurine on isolated trachea and pulmonary artery of rats and the possible mechanism(s) of action. The possible antioxidant effect of taurine was also studied by measuring its protective effect against cyclophosphamide induced lung injuiry. Taurine produced a concentration dependent relaxation in the isolated tracheal strips and pulmonary arterial rings precontracted by serotonin (2x10-4 mM). The relaxing effect of taurine was not influenced by pretreatment with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) , cysteinyl leukotreines receptor 1 blocker (montelukast) , H1 receptor blocker (chlorpheniramine) , β-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol), potassium channel blocker (amiodarone) , cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) or muscarinic receptor blocker (atropine). Preincubation with adenosine receptor blocker (aminophylline) significantly potentiated the relaxing effect of taurine in the tracheal strips and pulmonary arterial rings. Cyclophosphamide (CYP, 150 mg/kg) administerated i.p. in a single dose was used to produce lung injuiry in rats. CYP caused marked increase in lung lipid peroxides (MDA) and decrease in lung reduced glutathione (GSH). Administration of taurine (1% in drinking water) starting 7 days before CYP and continuing throughout the duration of the experiment (24 hours) improved significantly the lung GSH and MDA. It can be concluded that taurine relaxes precontracted rat tracheal strips and pulmonary arterial rings probably by direct effect on the smooth muscles. Also, the observed antioxidant activity of taurine which may contribute to its relaxant effect suggesting the usefulness of turine in pulmonary hypertension.
{"title":"Effect of Taurine on The Respiratory System of Rats","authors":"D. Pujimulyani, Sri Raharjo, Yustinus Marsono, Umar Santoso","doi":"10.14499/JFPS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14499/JFPS","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to investigate the effect of taurine on isolated trachea and pulmonary artery of rats and the possible mechanism(s) of action. The possible antioxidant effect of taurine was also studied by measuring its protective effect against cyclophosphamide induced lung injuiry. Taurine produced a concentration dependent relaxation in the isolated tracheal strips and pulmonary arterial rings precontracted by serotonin (2x10-4 mM). The relaxing effect of taurine was not influenced by pretreatment with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) , cysteinyl leukotreines receptor 1 blocker (montelukast) , H1 receptor blocker (chlorpheniramine) , β-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol), potassium channel blocker (amiodarone) , cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) or muscarinic receptor blocker (atropine). Preincubation with adenosine receptor blocker (aminophylline) significantly potentiated the relaxing effect of taurine in the tracheal strips and pulmonary arterial rings. Cyclophosphamide (CYP, 150 mg/kg) administerated i.p. in a single dose was used to produce lung injuiry in rats. CYP caused marked increase in lung lipid peroxides (MDA) and decrease in lung reduced glutathione (GSH). Administration of taurine (1% in drinking water) starting 7 days before CYP and continuing throughout the duration of the experiment (24 hours) improved significantly the lung GSH and MDA. It can be concluded that taurine relaxes precontracted rat tracheal strips and pulmonary arterial rings probably by direct effect on the smooth muscles. Also, the observed antioxidant activity of taurine which may contribute to its relaxant effect suggesting the usefulness of turine in pulmonary hypertension.","PeriodicalId":314392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122645135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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