Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1936
Barbora Holá
{"title":"Book Review: Invisible Atrocities: The Aesthetic Biases of International Criminal Justice","authors":"Barbora Holá","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78402427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1909
Kaziwa Salih
Scholars are critical of how economists overlook “the questions of genocide,” and of how legislatures have not paid adequate attention to the subject of looting, except in the case of the Armenian genocide. This article, informed by interdisciplinary perspectives, uses government documents, data, and semi-structured interviews to discuss the overlooked triangle of looting, economics, and the Anfal genocide of the Kurds in Iraq. The study refuses to limit itself only to the eight stages of the Anfal genocide that started in 1988, and instead offers data on its preliminary phases which occurred earlier in the 1980s. It then discusses the multidimensional political economy of the Anfal genocide and argues that (a) the legalized plundering of spoils of warby the Ba’ath regime served as a political economic strategy to justify the Anfal genocide; (b) Saddam Hussein utilized economic prospect theory—putting a higher emphasis on imagined gains than on losses—by maximizing revenue and minimizing the cost of the genocide; and (c) Saddam’s use of symbolic religious names and Qur’an verses did not demonstrate his religious commitment, but rather aimed to foster and restore the cultural legacy of looting among ordinary people. The article focuses on rewards, in the form of economic capital earned from looting and confiscations, as goals that aided the effective execution of the Anfal genocide and promoted divisions within urban Kurdish society but that failed to deracinate Kurdish resistance culture.
{"title":"Pillage as the Political Economy of the Kurdish Anfal Genocide","authors":"Kaziwa Salih","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1909","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars are critical of how economists overlook “the questions of genocide,” and of how legislatures have not paid adequate attention to the subject of looting, except in the case of the Armenian genocide. This article, informed by interdisciplinary perspectives, uses government documents, data, and semi-structured interviews to discuss the overlooked triangle of looting, economics, and the Anfal genocide of the Kurds in Iraq. The study refuses to limit itself only to the eight stages of the Anfal genocide that started in 1988, and instead offers data on its preliminary phases which occurred earlier in the 1980s. It then discusses the multidimensional political economy of the Anfal genocide and argues that (a) the legalized plundering of \u0000 spoils of warby the Ba’ath regime served as a political economic strategy to justify the Anfal genocide; (b) Saddam Hussein utilized economic prospect theory—putting a higher emphasis on imagined gains than on losses—by maximizing revenue and minimizing the cost of the genocide; and (c) Saddam’s use of symbolic religious names and Qur’an verses did not demonstrate his religious commitment, but rather aimed to foster and restore the cultural legacy of looting among ordinary people. The article focuses on rewards, in the form of economic capital earned from looting and confiscations, as goals that aided the effective execution of the Anfal genocide and promoted divisions within urban Kurdish society but that failed to deracinate Kurdish resistance culture.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90062489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1902
Jean-Damascène Gasanabo, P. Rutayisire
{"title":"Book Review: Intent to Deceive: Denying the Genocide of the Tutsi","authors":"Jean-Damascène Gasanabo, P. Rutayisire","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.3.1902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74584046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1812
Deborah Mayersen
Between 1894 and 1896, the Hamidian massacres claimed the lives of more than 100,000 Armenians in Ottoman Turkey. This article presents an exploratory analysis of Armenian resistance to the massacres. It examines the context and contours of resistance, including the strategies employed, scope and organization of resistance efforts. Evidence indicates that resistance was widespread, and Armenians adopted a diverse range of strategies in attempting self-protection. The relative powerlessness of the Armenian minority, however, meant that most attempts at resistance were overwhelmed. Additionally, resisters were often targeted for especially violent retribution. The lack of success of resistance efforts can also be partially explained by the role of the Ottoman government in the massacres.
{"title":"Armenian Resistance to the Hamidian Massacres","authors":"Deborah Mayersen","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1812","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1894 and 1896, the Hamidian massacres claimed the lives of more than 100,000 Armenians in Ottoman Turkey. This article presents an exploratory analysis of Armenian resistance to the massacres. It examines the context and contours of resistance, including the strategies employed, scope and organization of resistance efforts. Evidence indicates that resistance was widespread, and Armenians adopted a diverse range of strategies in attempting self-protection. The relative powerlessness of the Armenian minority, however, meant that most attempts at resistance were overwhelmed. Additionally, resisters were often targeted for especially violent retribution. The lack of success of resistance efforts can also be partially explained by the role of the Ottoman government in the massacres.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80173449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1929
A. Moses, Sarah Federman, S. Straus, M. Pensky, Douglas Irvin-Erickson
{"title":"Round Table (Full Symposium): What’s Raphaël Lemkin Got to do with Genocide Studies? A Conversation on Gender, Culture, Economics, Categorical Violence, and Colonization with Professors Sarah Federman, Dirk Moses, Max Pensky, and Scott Straus","authors":"A. Moses, Sarah Federman, S. Straus, M. Pensky, Douglas Irvin-Erickson","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73443838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1928
Douglas Irvin-Erickson
{"title":"Round Table (Part 5): What’s Raphaël Lemkin Got to do with Genocide Studies?","authors":"Douglas Irvin-Erickson","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88223729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1894
A. Moses
In my brief commentary, I ask Douglas Irvin-Erickson, six years since his book appeared, about what comes next: namely, whether he thinks a new intellectual history of genocide needs transcend the assumption about its humanization of domestic and international affairs.
{"title":"Round Table (Part 1): The Apex of Biographical Intellectual History","authors":"A. Moses","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1894","url":null,"abstract":"In my brief commentary, I ask Douglas Irvin-Erickson, six years since his book appeared, about what comes next: namely, whether he thinks a new intellectual history of genocide needs transcend the assumption about its humanization of domestic and international affairs.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81778099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1899
S. Straus
{"title":"Round Table (Part 3): The Limits of Lemkin","authors":"S. Straus","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91168704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1892
R. Lemarchand
{"title":"Arts & Literature: Looking Back at the Roots of Genocides in Ex-Belgian Africa","authors":"R. Lemarchand","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1892","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86837186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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